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Click the picture.

This video is an example of Phonology in action.

(Heggarty, 2018)

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Phonemic Awareness Lesson with Heidi (Michael Heggerty)

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Phonology is the study of patterns and sounds in a language.

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Phonology is foundational as it helps students to understand sounds and letters.

Phonology helps with the pronunciation of words.

Phonology aids learners to correctly spell words.

(Linguistics for Teachers of ELLS, 2024)

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Teachers Supporting Phonological Development 

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Phoneme Isolation Game: The teacher says a word like "mat" and the students would be asked to identify either the beginning, middle or ending sounds of the word.

For beginners, the use of pictures could represent words.

For advanced learners, students could work with more complex words and engage in peer teaching.

Rhyming Activity: The students would generate words that rhyme with the use of a word web or other format.

For beginners, the teacher could provide a list of words to rhyme with and practice saying the words.

For advanced learners, students could be challenged to create original rhymes or incorporate rhyming words in songs or storytelling.

Sound Sorting: Students would categorize words or pictures based on their beginning or ending sounds.

For beginners, simpler words and images could be sorted by sounds.

For advanced learners, multisyllabic words with less common phoneme combinations could be used for a greater challenge.

Phonological Awareness Songs and Chants: The teacher would teach phonological concepts emphasizing rhythm and sound patterns.

For beginners, students could use simpler songs and be provided translations.

For advanced learners, students could create their own verses to songs or modify existing lyrics of songs that appeal to them.

(LearnAlberta,ca,2012)

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Click the picture.

This video explains morphology and shows a classroom experience.

(Youtube.com, 2016)

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K-3 Essential 7, Bullet 5: Morphology Sample Video

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This video shows a classroom lesson in semantics.

(Saint Bart School, 2020)

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Morphology refers to the way words are formed and structured in a language.

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Click the picture.

This video shows a classroom lesson in syntax.

(Youtube.com, 2016)

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Syntax: Using Informational Text to Orally Express Sentences

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This is a powerful video that exemplifies pragmatics.

(Edutopia, 2014)

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Oracy in the Classroom: Strategies for Effective Talk

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Semantics is the study of the meaning in language, and how meaning can change based on context.

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The Reading A-Z website will provide parents and students opportunities to work together through lessons provided. The website also offers games to provide the student with practice. These activities involve phoneme recognition, simple to more complex letter combinations for differentiated instruction.

At home create or buy a set of cards. Then sort the cards based on sounds. For example, all cards starting with the "b" sound. Students could say the words aloud as they sort them providing more language practice.

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Phonological Awareness | Reading A-Z | Reading A-Z

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Award-winning reading solution with thousands of leveled readers, lesson plans, worksheets and assessments to teach guided reading, reading proficiency and comprehension to K-5 students

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Morphology provides tools to understand how words are constructed.

Morphology provides support for learners to understand how words are formed by breaking them down into different components.

Morphology aids in academic success by fostering confidence when approaching words not known to the learner.

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Word building Station: The teacher would provide letters for word building. Students would add prefixes, suffixes to root words to create new words.

For beginners, they could use visuals and examples to follow while creating words.

For advanced learners, students could not only create the words but use them in a sentence.

Morphology Sort: The teacher would provide cards with different morphemes (roots, prefixes, and suffixes). Students would sort the cards based on their common morphological components.

For beginners, the teacher could color code the morphemes for additional support and provide pictures.

For advanced learners, students could share their sorted words and discuss their meanings.

Morphology Story Creation: Students would create short stories or comic strips using a specific set of morphemes.

For beginners, students could use a particular set of affixes throughout their story. Students could be given sentence starters and vocabulary banks for support.

For advanced learners, students could use a wider range of morphemes and create more complex sentence structures.

Morphology Bingo: The teacher would create bingo cards with various root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Call out clues or definitions of the morphemes and students would mark their cards.

For beginners, students could be paired with a friend to help them with definitions. Students could utilize a list of terms and definitions to reference.

For advanced learners, students could play the game and be challenged with the complexity of the morphemes. This could be adjusted based on proficiency level.

(Morphology in the Classroom - Linguistics for Teachers of ELLs, 2024)

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The 50 Fun + Free Morphology Practice Activities | Savvas Learning Company provides morphology practice with interactive games that learners have reported to enjoy. The website promotes the building of vocabulary through morphology study. The website provides a structured framework to ensure optimal results.

At home create an opportunity for a scavenger hunt around the house or neighborhood. Students could look for objects or signs in the area that have specific morphemes. They can take a picture of the object or write them down. They can gather and discuss their findings.

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50 Fun + Free Morphology Practice Activities | Savvas Learning Company

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Give students hands-on practice with prefixes, roots, and suffixes with these fun, free morphology practice activities! Perfect for structured literacy and science of reading classrooms.

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Syntax refers to the set of rules, principles and processes that govern the structure of sentences; creating a code that conveys a specific meaning.

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Syntax ensures learners messages do not lead to confusion and misinterpretation by using sentences that are structured in a way that makes their meaning clear and understandable.

Syntax provides support for learners to understand how the arrangements of words can change the meaning of a sentence.

Syntax aids the learner in expressing complex ideas by various written tones, styles and levels of formality.

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Sentence Building with Word Cards: The teacher would provide word cards that include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Students work in pairs to create sentences using the cards. This helps students to focus on using the cards focusing on correct syntax.

For beginners, students could use visuals and pictures on the word cards to help ELL students understand the meaning of the words.

For advanced learners, students could make compound and complex sentences to provide precise meanings. These aids students develop and enhance complex cognitive skills.

Interactive Writing: The teacher would engage the class in a shared writing exercise where the teacher would model writing ideas on the board . Students would construct the sentences and compare their sentences and intended meanings with their classmates.

For beginners, the teacher could color code the morphemes for additional support and provide pictures.

For advanced learners, students could share their sorted words and discuss their meanings.

Grammar Games: Students would use games like "Syntax Scramble", where students rearrange words to form correct sentences, or "Sentence Auction", where they can bid on correctly structured sentences.

For beginners, ELL students could collaborate with a peer. They could use color coding for parts of the sentence to help support their understanding of sentence structure.

For advanced learners, students could work together to create new games to introduce to the class. The teacher would support them by providing materials.

Role Playing and Dialogue Creation: The students would work in small groups to create and perform short dialogues based on a scenario. This encourages practice with sentence structure and conversational syntax.

For beginners, students could use sentence starters as a guide.

For advanced learners, they could collaborate with a peer and use specific vocabulary related to their scenario.

(DESE, 2022)

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Semantics provides insight for learners as it helps them understand the meaning of word and phrases in context, enabling effective communication skills.

Semantics nuances need to be understood to better interpret texts, enhance vocabulary, and engage students in discussions with confidence.

Semantics can help develop students critical thinking skills, allowing learners to analyze and synthesize information more effectively.

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Students relying on semantics to have a meaningful discussion in class. 

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Building Sentences with Picture prompts: The teacher would provide students with a set of picture cards that depict various scenes or actions. Students would work in pairs to create sentences describing the images.

For beginners, students could be paired with a peer or bilingual dictionaries could be made available to the student.

For advanced learners, students could expand their sentences by adding adjectives or adverbs.

Interactive Storytelling: The teacher would read aloud and pause at key points to allow students to predict what happens next. Afterwards, students would retell the story in small groups using props or illustrations.

For beginners, the teacher could provide a summary of the story with visual aids.

For advanced learners, students could retell the story focusing on more advanced vocabulary.

Grammar Bingo: Students would fill their Bingo cards with different parts of speech. For example, the teacher would call out nouns, verbs or adjectives.

For beginners, ELL students could work with a partner.

For advanced learners, students could create their own Bingo cards with sentences using the parts of speech.

Collaborative Writing Activity: The students would write a short story together. Each student would contribute a sentence or two, building on what was previously written by the prior student.

For beginners, students could use a scribe to write their ideas down.

For advanced learners, they could add details and complexity to their sentences.

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Teacher teaching students semantics in the classroom 

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PBS Learning Media is offerse educational resources, including videos and interactive activities focusing on language development and semantic understanding for various grade levels.

At home students could do storytelling with a twist. Start a story with a specific word or phrase. Other people in the family add sentences, ensuring they are using synonyms or related words. This reinforces the idea of word meaning in context.

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It's easy and safe for students to create their own accounts with our simple student registration process.

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Grammarly is an online writing assistant helping users improve their writing by providing real time-grammar, punctuation, and spelling suggestions. It offers feedback on clarity, engagement and delivery.

At home students could create a Language Learning Journal. Students can write daily entries about their experiences, thoughts, and feelings in English. They can also utilize drawings, pictures, photographs, and clippings in their journals. This gives the student opportunity to experiment with new words and phrasing of sentences. They can practice reading their own thoughts. They can practice listening and speaking by discussing their journals with someone else. It also allows them to have some cultural expression by connecting their native language to English.

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Pragmatics is the context-dependent aspects of meaning.

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Pragmatics enables learners to interpret meaning beyond literal words.

Pragmatics enhances students abilities to engage in discussions, follow directions and participate in collaborative activities.

Pragmatics fosters cultural awareness and sensitivity while navigating diverse social interactions and building relationships; using enhanced communication skills.

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Role Playing Scenarios: The students would act out various social situations, such as greeting a classmate or asking for help.

For beginners, students could use visuals cues and simplified scripts, or vocabulary lists to aid comprehension.

For advanced learners, students could act out more complicated scenarios. They could also write scripts and exchange them with a partner. They act the new scenario out.

Storytelling with Contextual Clues: The students could share personal stories or experiences, focusing on emotions and social cues involved.

For beginners, the teacher could provide a graphic organizer to help structure their thoughts and provide sentence starters.

For advanced learners, students could share their stories and use more nuances such as tone, and unspoken cues.

Group Discussions on Social Norms: The teacher would facilitate discussions about cultural differences in communication styles and social expectations. Students would engage in conversations with students who has the same cultural backgrounds then those that are different.

For beginners, the teacher could introduce key vocabulary prior to the activity and provide a bilingual dictionary.

For advanced learners, students could model a comfortable environment for practicing language skills with people of different cultures.

Nonverbal Communication Activities The students could engage in games that focus on body language and facial expressions, such as, "Charades" their goal would be to interpret emotions and scenarios through gestures.

For beginners, students could be given clear instructions and visual demonstrations to ensure their understanding of the game. They could be paired with a peer.

For advanced learners, they could act out a scenario with a partner without talking while both are given the same word or scenario. The students would have to use only nonverbal cues to get messages across.

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Storyline Online features videos of celebrated actors reading children's books, providing both language exposure and opportunities for families to discuss themes and characters together.

At home students could choose everyday situations that require pragmatic language skills, such as ordering food at a restaurant, making small talk with a neighbor, or resolving a conflict with a friend. While this activity fosters creativity and collaboration it also fosters competent communication skills.

(Sag Aftra Foundation, 2024)