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奖赏权力是一种基于给予奖励或利益来影响他人行为的能力，属于社会权力的一种。它通过提供他人所期望的正面回报来激励服从或合作。

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强制权力是一种通过惩罚、威胁或施加负面后果来迫使他人服从的权力形式。它依赖于人们对不利结果的恐惧，而非自愿合作，通常与奖赏权力形成对立。

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合法权力（Legitimate Power）是指一个人因为在组织或社会结构中拥有正式职位或权威地位，而具有对他人发号施令的能力。

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参照权力是一种基于个人魅力、认同感或情感联结而获得的非强制性影响力。它不依赖职位或资源控制，而是因为他人自愿认同、钦佩或渴望与权力主体建立关联而服从。

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专家权力（Expert Power）是指一个人因为掌握专业知识、技能或经验而对他人产生影响力的能力。

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信息权力（Information Power）是指一个人因为掌握他人所需的重要信息，而对他人产生影响力的能力。

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美国白人女子偷走众议院议长的笔记本电脑并试图出售，她因此被捕，但日前已获保释。而大约十年前，16岁的非洲裔少年偷窃一个背包，未受审却被羁押了3年。

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新华社北京1月28日电（国际观察）从"白人特权"受热议看美国社会不平等

新华社记者

在本月初的美国国会骚乱中，美国白人女子威廉姆斯偷走众议院议长佩洛西的笔记本电脑并试图出售，她因此被捕，但日前已获保释。而大约十年前，16岁的非洲裔少年卡利夫·布劳德被控偷窃一个背包，未受审却被羁押了3年。

"在美国，有两套司法系统。"社交媒体上不少人这样嘲讽美国根深蒂固的"白人特权"现象。当肤色成为关键项，很大程度上决定一个人得到笑脸还是冷遇、获得多少社会资源乃至拥有怎样的人生，美国社会实在难有公平可言。

国会骚乱中警察"双标"执法，以及此后法庭"宽容"对待涉事白人，让"白人特权"一词再度成为美国媒体和舆论聚焦的关键词，引发民众新一轮怒火与批评。

美国社交网络上近日流传着多组对比照片：去年夏天，不少非洲裔美国人在反种族歧视抗议中被警察粗暴对待；而在此次国会骚乱中，警察对破门而入的白人示威者却态度平和，甚至一起自拍。"这真是大错特错！"美国知名作家唐·温斯洛感叹。

美国民主党全国委员会成员罗恩·哈里斯评论说，美国执法者有自己的"判断"：抗议社会不公的有色人种都是"罪犯"，而袭击国会的白人只是"示威者"。

重创美国的新冠疫情也让不同肤色间的不平等得到凸显。相比白人，非洲裔等少数族裔遭受了更严重的打击。新上任的白宫国内政策委员会主任苏珊·赖斯日前坦言，非白人感染和死于新冠病毒的比例要比白人更高，有孩子的非洲裔和拉美裔家庭在疫情中经历食品短缺的可能性是白人家庭的两倍。美国劳工部数据显示，自疫情暴发后，美国非洲裔成年人失业率远高于白人。

美国有线电视新闻网日前刊文说，当有毒的"白人特权"无人约束，甚至被政客和权贵鼓励，结果就是美国现在的样子，"结构性种族歧视已成为美国的脓疮"。

"白人特权"现象根植于美国建国200多年历史甚至欧洲殖民者进入北美大陆以来的更长历史之中，实质上是系统性种族主义的表现。虽然美国在少数族裔的长期抗争下给予了他们法律层面的平等权利，但实际上的种族不平等早已渗透至社会各个角落，在教育、就业、医疗等资源分配方面尤为突出。

美国《华盛顿邮报》日前援引3名经济学家发布的报告指出，在过去大半个世纪里，美国白人与非洲裔家庭收入差距巨大且丝毫没有缩小迹象。报告显示，2016年，11.5个非洲裔家庭的资产总值加起来才勉强与一个普通白人家庭持平，而一个拥有高中学历的白人所获得的家庭财富几乎是普通非洲裔的10倍。

美国教育学者保罗·图赫撰文说，美国每年高中毕业生中非洲裔约占15%，而普林斯顿大学、康奈尔大学等美国常春藤名校新生中非洲裔占比仅为8%。另有数据显示，仅有三分之一的非洲裔在进入大学后能顺利毕业，比例是白人的一半。和白人同学相比，非洲裔学生背负更多学费贷款，经济状况也更差，这成为他们辍学的主因。

美国《纽约时报》日前刊登了一封由多名有色人种剧作家、导演等文艺工作者写给"亲爱的白人美国剧院"的公开信，揭露了由白人主导的文化机构如何系统性忽视甚至打压有色人种艺术工作者。信里说："我们一直在看着你们是如何假装没有看到我们。"

赖斯也指出，对于太多美国家庭来说，美国经济、法律、制度中的系统性种族歧视和不平等让所谓的"美国梦"遥不可及。
痼疾难消
如何扭转"白人特权"现象，真正实现种族平等，是美国人长期的追问。美国新总统拜登26日签署了4项旨在促进美国种族平等的行政令。分析人士指出，总统为种族问题签署行政令显示出当前美国种族歧视的严重性，但此类措施恐怕很难解决美国根深蒂固的系统性种族歧视问题。

美国社会学家佩吉·麦金托什认为，在西方社会，白人普遍独享一系列特殊优势，这是"与生俱来的隐性利益"，拥有特权的人或许意识不到，更多时候也不愿承认。

美国媒体人罗克珊·琼斯说，美国系统性种族歧视普遍存在，白人要比非洲裔"更有价值"是一种"文化"，美国社会的每个角落都试图将这种"文化"合法化。

南非大学塔博·姆贝基非洲领导力研究所专家塞尔杰斯·乔尤·卡姆加指出，美国存在着"有色编码、黑白分明"的意识形态，而这又被美国法律以形式平等所掩盖，使得美国在解决种族主义和种族歧视问题时面临多重困境和挑战。（参与记者：孙丁）

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从"白人特权"受热议看美国社会不平等-新华网

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从"白人特权"受热议看美国社会不平等 ---

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Lady Parking 是 Mega Bangna 的专门女性停车位。车里必须都是女性才可以在这款大的停车区停车。

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ช้อปปิ้ง สวนสาธารณะ ที่เที่ยวกรุงเทพ ร้านอาหารอร่อย - SERVICE GUIDE - Megabangna

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แหล่งช้อปปิ้ง ร้านอาหารอร่อย สวนสาธารณะขนาดใหญ่ คลินิกเสริมความงาม ที่เที่ยวในกรุงเทพฯ บริการที่จอดรถฟรี ฝากรับสัมภาระ ฟรี WIFI รถเข็น ฯลฯ กับเราที่ Megabangna ห้างสรรพสินค้าและศูนย์การค้าชั้นนำ

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公司会优先选择那些从名校毕业的学生而不是看能力

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在一些贫困地区，由于教育资源的匮乏，导致了当地学生的学习条件和机会相对较差，而富裕地区的学生则有更多的优质教育资源和机会，从而形成了地域上的特权现象。

中国的一些名校在高考招生时，对自己所在省市的学生给予加分优惠，这就导致了同样成绩的学生因为地域差异而面临着不同的命运，一些城市学生因此受到了不公平的对待。

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我国在教育领域存在哪些特权现象？教育资源存在哪些不公平？_机会_影响_名校

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名校特权：我国的一些名校在高考招生时，对自己所在省市的学生给予加分优惠，这就导致了同样成绩的学生因为地域差异而面临着不同的命运，一些城市学生因此受到了不公平的对待。 地区不平衡：我国的教育资源分布存…

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美国护照持有人可以免签证进入183 个国家而泰国国民只可以落地签进入38 个国家/地区。

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His call to "Wear a mask" tops a list of 2020's notable quotes. Brad Pitt portrayed him - and praised him - on "Saturday Night Live." Time magazine named him a 2020 guardian of the year. Amazon features seven pages of T-shirts, mugs and more emblazoned with his face.

Longtime director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anthony S. Fauci has been everywhere in 2020.

Although perhaps only recently a household name, Fauci is no Tony-come-lately. Over the past four decades he's played prominent roles as a scientist, physician, administrator and spokesman. You know what he's been up to over the past several months. But what of his previous nearly 80 years? And what made him the figure he has become?

From Brooklyn To Washington

Fauci, son of a pharmacist, was born in Brooklyn on Dec. 24, 1940. He attended Regis High, a tuition-free Jesuit boys' school. Passionate about basketball, he captained the high school team - despite his height of 5 feet 7 inches.

He then attended the College of the Holy Cross, in Massachusetts, choosing a premedical major combining humanities and science. He graduated first in his class from Cornell University Medical College and went on to complete a medical residency.

The Vietnam War was underway, and male med school graduates were required to serve their country. One option was the U.S. Public Health Service, which includes the National Institutes of Health, based outside Washington, D.C. Fauci entered a highly selective training program there. He's worked at NIH essentially ever since.

At NIH, Fauci initially conducted specialized research on the immune system and related rare diseases - for example, one now termed granulomatosis with polyangiitis, in which blood vessels in the respiratory system and kidneys become inflamed. His work led to effective treatment of these previously largely fatal conditions.

The Age Of AIDS

As the 1980s arrived, what came to be called AIDS emerged. Fauci soon redirected his research to focus on the new disease. He accepted the directorship of NIAID in 1984, in part to increase its emphasis on AIDS.

While continuing research and patient care, Fauci as institute director entered other realms. He testified repeatedly before Congress. He gained visibility in the media. He was confronted by AIDS activists - and eventually included them in setting priorities for developing treatments. Doing so set a precedent for involving patients in decisions about research on their diseases.

Fauci's leadership has expanded over the years. He was among the main architects of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, a major program begun under President George W. Bush in 2003, to help control AIDS internationally. He provided leadership regarding responses to bioterrorism and to SARS, Zika and Ebola. He is a member of the Trump administration's White House Coronavirus Task Force, and he has accepted President-elect Joe Biden's invitation to serve as chief medical adviser.

Prolific In Publication

Along the way, Fauci has authored or co-authored well over 1,000 journal articles, including more than 500 about AIDS. Of the articles, strikingly many appeared in top journals such as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and the New England Journal of Medicine. Fauci also is one of the editors of a major medical textbook.

Over the years Fauci published on topics that attest to his readiness for the coronavirus: past pandemics as well as emerging infectious diseases and how to confront them, even how to conduct clinical trials in the midst of an outbreak.

A recent study ranks Fauci as the 32nd most highly cited* living researcher. His papers have been cited more than 50,000 times* by other publications, and his journal articles have been mentioned tens of thousands of times in social media.

Sources Of Success

Clearly, Fauci is a remarkably successful scientist and a highly visible public figure. What factors seem to have contributed? Here are 10.

1. Smarts: Clearly Fauci is extraordinarily bright and knowledgeable. He has studied both science and humanities. The mix has fostered proficiency in lab and clinic, skill in communication and an ability to navigate the halls of power.

2. Integrity: "I believe I have a personal responsibility to make a positive impact on society," he has stated. "I've tried to accomplish this goal by choosing a life of public service." Strong values have directed his choices, such as that to remain at NIAID despite offers to become director of NIH or take more lucrative positions elsewhere.

3. Empathy: Fauci's values include concern for others' well-being. Upon being confronted by AIDS activists, he said, "I saw people who were in pain*." He cared for, and about, people with AIDS even while the disease still was tremendously stigmatized.

4. Flexibility: Fauci can pivot. He redirected his work with the emergence of AIDS, contributing importantly to the understanding and treatment of the disease. Despite insults from AIDS activist Larry Kramer, he developed a productive alliance and warm friendship with him.

5. Energy: Fauci has an exceptional work ethic and is blessed with amazing energy. Account after account details the staccato pace of his ultra-long days - rising before dawn, rushing from commitment to commitment with barely a break and answering email until late at night.

6. Trustworthiness: Fauci has earned credibility - through research and publication, impact on patient health and long service. In his communications, his values keep him focusing on the facts. An essay in the Washington Post terms him "the singular referee the country trusts" during the pandemic.

7. Connections: Adviser to six U.S. presidents and the current president-elect, Fauci has abundant ties in Washington among both politicians and the media. Some science reporters have covered his work since the 1980s.

8. Communication: Termed "the explainer-in-chief of the coronavirus epidemic," Fauci is a master communicator. He knows how the media function. He explains clearly. He speaks in sound bites - think "we are likely going to see a surge upon a surge" of cases after the Thanksgiving holiday - and his comments are tweetable. He is accessible to the press. He listens as well as speaks.

9. Recognizability: Fauci has a distinctive look and voice. His name is unusual yet not unwieldy.

10. Teamwork: "It's almost impossible to do anything meaningful without either leading a team or being part of the team," Fauci has said. A photo of Fauci's lab group shows some 80 members, including senior researchers. Highly regarded for his mentorship, Fauci even made himself available to an undergrad writing a thesis - and then commented extensively on the finished product. In many ways, Fauci has been the face of the fight against COVID-19 in the U.S. "If we're going to get through this, we've got to all pull together as a country," Fauci has stated. His blunt, evidence-based approach has helped make him famous in 2020. With any luck, he can lead the way to controlling COVID-19 in 2021.

In many ways, Fauci has been the face of the fight against COVID-19 in the U.S. "If we're going to get through this, we've got to all pull together as a country," Fauci has stated. His blunt, evidence-based approach has helped make him famous in 2020. With any luck, he can lead the way to controlling COVID-19 in 2021.
* This link is no longer active and has been removed.

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10 Reasons Why Anthony Fauci Was Ready To Be The Face Of The US Pandemic Response

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A Texas A&M expert says Fauci is an accomplished scientist who also excels at connecting with the public.

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美警察强行将一黑人女性衣服扒光进行检查

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美警察强行将一黑人女性衣服扒光进行检查

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美警察强行将一黑人女性衣服扒光进行检查_新闻频道_央视网(cctv.com)

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16日，美国多家媒体曝光了一段警察强行将一位黑人女性衣服剥光进行检查的视频，再度引发了人们对警方暴力执法的高度关注。

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全力提携新人 周星驰“我就喜欢会跳舞的女孩”

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全力提携新人 周星驰“我就喜欢会跳舞的女孩”

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https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/6/7/18/n1390238.htm

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【大纪元7月18日讯】 (据中华网7月18日报导)昨天下午，周星驰与其最新星女郎张雨绮一起在广州公开亮相，为某饮料的最新一集广告做宣传。在这组名为"芬达笑园"系列的广告片中，张雨绮以西班牙弗拉明戈舞闪亮登场，令"周校长"惊艳不已。长着一双丹凤眼、身形丰满的张雨绮如今已减肥成功，长相颇有些日韩风味。说到选中她的原因，周星驰直言：我喜欢会跳舞的女生。

张雨绮是2003年考进上海戏剧学院附属戏曲学校话剧影视专业学习声乐、舞蹈和表演的，由于是三年制中专，今年7月份就毕业了。在周星驰面向全国的新星选秀中脱颖而出，据称她凭的就是一双颇具东方特色的丹凤眼。这位来自山东德州的姑娘虽然身材健壮丰满，但却拥有明星都渴望的巴掌小脸，相当上镜。对于自己"有点胖"的问题，张雨绮并不讳言："读书时是肥了点，通过这几个月的集训，现在已经减了许多。"

相比以前几位星女郎，此番张雨绮可谓吉星高照。不但可以出演周星驰8月即将开机的新片，这次与周星驰一起出演饮料广告，更是在最大范围做了个人宣传。据透露，这次广告的创意80%都来自周星驰本人。演员方面，也是周星驰主动提出与张雨绮共同出演。就这样，周星驰"买一送一"，不遗余力地推介手下新人，用心良苦。昨天在发布会现场，星爷对张雨绮也是照顾有加，

有广州记者直接用广东话提问，他立即打断："她听不懂，请说普通话。"

广告内容是"芬达笑园"的早操时间，背景中一群少年以街舞形式演绎早操，而前景中身穿古板校服的张雨绮在傻傻做着传统早操，周校长皱着眉走过来："你，新来的？"扔给她一瓶饮料，立时，张雨绮陡然变成身着橙色性感舞裙的西班牙少女，围着校长舞得他心花怒放。跳弗拉明戈舞的细节正是周星驰亲自设定，为此，张雨绮一边为新片减肥，一边为广告片苦练舞艺。周星驰说："我把她从几十万......哦不，几十个人中选出来，她非常出色，舞也跳得不错。我喜欢会跳舞的女孩子。"

据悉，这一最新版本的广告将于7月24日投放全国，届时，张雨绮就能跟着星爷在全国人民面前混个脸熟了。精明的周星驰，虽然对新片一直守口如瓶，但此举不失为预热新片的一手妙棋，名利双收。

说到新片，星爷支支吾吾，记者问星爷到底叫《外星人》还是最近新传说的《长江七号》，他不停打马虎眼说："我也是从媒体听说这两个名字的，说不定过几天还有第三个名字出来呢？定了没有？没定。"那么，同张雨绮的爱情对手戏会是怎样的？"哇，这个你都敢问？当然不能说。哈哈，其实还没写到这部分。"说到他在片中的角色，他只表示："反正我不是外星人，是地球人。"据悉，他在片中演一个太空人。至于张雨绮是否"再造人"或"机器人"，他与张雨绮均不正面回答。
(http://www.dajiyuan.com)

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全力提携新人 周星驰"我就喜欢会跳舞的女孩" | 大纪元

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昨天下午，周星驰与其最新星女郎张雨绮一起在广州公开亮相，为某饮料的最新一集广告做宣传。在这组名为"芬达笑园"系列的广告片中，张雨绮以西班牙弗拉明戈舞闪亮登场，令"周校长"惊艳不已。长着一双丹凤眼、身形丰满的张雨绮如今已减肥成功，长相颇有些日韩风味。说到选中她的原因，周星驰直言：我喜欢会跳舞的女生。

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侵犯公民个人信息有多严重 这几个案例告诉你

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澎湃，澎湃新闻，澎湃新闻网，新闻与思想，澎湃是植根于中国上海的时政思想类互联网平台，以最活跃的原创新闻与最冷静的思想分析为两翼，是互联网技术创新与新闻价值传承的结合体，致力于问答式新闻与新闻追踪功能的实践。

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使用Kasikorn (K Bank）有 Wisdom卡的成員可以使用 K Bank 的服務、享受不同設施，在銀行排隊可以直接插隊不用等待。成員必須在 K Bank 上放 150百萬快以上泰銖才會得到基本成員。

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美国新援助下，乌克兰寻求稳定前线，抢占主动

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美国新援助下，乌克兰寻求稳定前线，抢占主动

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美国新援助下，乌克兰寻求稳定前线，抢占主动

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随着美国即将向乌克兰提供600亿美元的援助，这对于乌克兰来说可谓及时雨。在过去几周，乌克兰的前线部队面临严峻的形势，甚至美国中央情报局(CIA)局长威廉·伯恩斯(William Burns)都警告说，如果没有这样的大规模援助，基辅可能会在年底前输掉对俄罗斯的战争。

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5起典型案例！维护妇女合法权益！_家庭_生活_义务

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《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》第二十七条　作出人身安全保护令，应当具备下列条件：（一）有明确的被申请人；（二）有具体的请求；（三）有遭受家庭暴力或者面临家庭暴力现实危险的情形。 第二十九条　人身安…

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特朗普摁下关税战核按钮 所有进口商品加税10%，中国等“违规严重国”税率更高

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特朗普摁下关税战核按钮 所有进口商品加税10%，中国等“违规严重国”税率更高

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特朗普关税“核弹”：所有进口商品加税10%，中国税率增至54%，美商务部长警告各国“别报复” - BBC News 中文

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这一全面关税政策被视为第二次世界大战结束以来国际贸易秩序的最大变动，预计在全球范围内引发经济震荡。特朗普说美国过去50多年来一直被“远近各国的朋友和敌人掠夺、劫掠、强暴和掏空”。

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- 男性可以在街上平安地走路，而不覺得受到陌

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- 男性可以在街上平安地走路，而不覺得受到陌生人威脅，可以安安靜靜的走回家，不會被人噓聲

- 可以在酒吧默默地喝酒，沒有人來拉你去跟他一起喝酒，去招待他，沒有人會因爲你穿的衣服，而對你批評，覺得被男人噓聲活該。

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As a man, what does gender equality mean to you?

Because while fairness is a valuable goal, equality for equality's sake isn't nearly as important as justice - for liberation's sake.

By naming the problem, we're not just saying "this is wrong, so let's fix it." Instead, we're inviting you to consider the impact of gender inequality on your life, and we're encouraging you to make a change for your own sake and for the sake of your community.

Our current cultural expectations, legislative system, and social programming work to sustain a hierarchy that constantly places men on the top. Consequently, men consistently achieve, succeed, and benefit at the expense of every other gender. That's called male privilege.
But here's the thing about male privilege: it hurts everyone, including you. This is because accessing male privilege often requires you to conform to a toxic norm of masculinity .
You know this norm - it's idea that the only "real men" are the ones who don't show their emotions, who solely value sports and physical strength, who don't reach out for help when they need support.

And you probably also know that no man completely fits into this narrow box of masculinity, and that our society is unforgiving toward people who don't fit what they're "supposed" to be.

So we have to face the ways traditional masculinity is rewarded with privilege in order to liberate everyone from the painful trap of society's oppressive boxes.

You don't have to be a bad person to benefit from male privilege, and recognizing your privilege doesn't mean saying you don't deserve good things.

But once you understand that these often invisible perks aren't available to everyone, you can see why addressing privilege means recognizing that people of all genders deserve equal access to basic respect for our humanity. There's more about this at the end this article, but for now I'll end with saying I'm so glad you're taking steps to make a change by reading this article and sharing it with the other men and boys in your life.

Without further ado, let's face these examples of male privilege in the US so we can make the change we all deserve.

3. You're not automatically assumed to not know what you're talking about - or subjected to mansplaining.

4. Common vocabulary favors your gender as the default, with language like "mankind" and "foreman," and dictionary definitions of words created by men.

6. You're not expected to swear less, apologize more, or other supposedly "lady-like" behaviors that reflect stereotypes of your gender being submissive.

15. You can get praise for ordinary parental duties or for being a single father, while mothers are simply expected to do the same and even criticized for single motherhood.

16. You're not said to be going against your gender's "natural instinct" or your role in society by not having children.

17. You can be outgoing or open about your choices without people calling you an "attention seeker."

18. You can enjoy traditionally "masculine" hobbies like sports without people saying you're just doing it to impress men.

19. You're more likely to be congratulated for having lots of sex, rather than shamed for it or called a "slut."

26. You can be open about enjoying sex without people feeling automatically entitled to having sex with you.

28. People don't assume something's wrong with you if you don't want to get married - or insist you must be lying, and warn you that "time is running out."

29. You're not expected to change your name if you get married or questioned if you don't.

30. Products like Viagra exist with the aim of helping cisgender men maintain their sex lives as they get older, and social norms congratulate you for doing so. There is far less support for women to continue being sexual beings as they age.

31. You can be expressive about your sexuality in conversation, art, music, and more, without people accusing you of "using your body to get by."

32. You can participate in kink, BDSM, and other alternative sexual practices without being judged as a "slut" or facing assumptions that you're not in control of your own sexual choices.

33. You can be non-monogamous without people judging you for going against your gender's "nature."

Gendered Harassment and Violence

36. You're less likely to be the target of street harassment. The majority of women have experienced street harassment in their lives, and most of the men who do are queer or gender non-conforming .

39. You can drink in a bar alone unbothered. In many other public spaces, including bookstores, coffee shops, festivals, and more, a woman alone is often assumed to be available for men to talk to and harass.

40. You can travel alone without worrying about being targeted for violence because of your gender.

41. You're less likely to experience intimate partner violence.

42. You're less likely to be stalked.

43. You're less likely to be the victim of revenge porn.

44. You're less likely to be raped, especially if you never go to prison.

48. You can enjoy partying without people blaming your "lifestyle" if you're sexually assaulted.

50. You can set a drink down at a party without having to worry about being drugged and assaulted.

55. You can age naturally without being judged for "letting yourself go" if you experience changes like graying hair, gaining weight, or getting wrinkles without using cosmetic products to cover these changes up.

56. Your gender is considered to get "finer with age," while women are considered less desirable.

57. You're under less pressure to be thin, and face fewer social and economic consequences of being fat than women do.

58. You aren't expected to eat less, with ideas of being "lady-like" including dainty portions.

66. You can show your nipples in public, and are less likely to be harassed overall for showing some skin - even when women in public are using breasts for breastfeeding, they can be subject to harassment.

68. You can sweat naturally without being shamed or judged - and the media shows people of your gender sweating from physical activity a lot more often.

77. Successful people of your gender who are , , and other public figures are respected by the media for what they do - not just their appearance and clothes.

82. Comedians of your gender don't face stereotypes of your gender as universally "unfunny."

85. In online gaming, you can play characters of your gender that aren't hypersexualized.

89. If a person of your gender isn't elected to public office, it's not because of their gender.

91. A political candidate of your gender isn't scrutinized more for his appearance than his abilities.

92. A political candidate of your gender won't be penalized by the idea that they can't balance both family life and public office.

93. Politicians of your gender aren't said to have their abilities negatively affected by bodily functions like menstruation.

94. Fictional media is more likely to show your gender in positions of political leadership, giving the public the impression that you're naturally born to be in charge.

95. Political leaders of your gender aren't judged for not demonstrating "lady-like" behavior that's the opposite of qualities that public views as leadership skills, like confidence or "not being afraid to speak your mind."

96. You don't have politicians primarily of another gender making laws to control your gender's bodies.

97. There are more lawmakers of your gender determining the rules we all have to live by. For instance, women make up not even 20% of Congress.

100. You can have strong political opinions without people calling you a "feminazi" or judging you for being "opinionated."

103. You're not insulted for going "against your gender's nature" for choosing to have a career, but not children.

104. If you choose to have children, you're not questioned about how having a family would hurt your ability to do your job.

108. You get more financial support for your work - like more financing for resources , more funding for start-ups , more lab and office space .

109. You're assumed to be the leader of your household - so you can avoid stereotypes like assuming you'd have to "check with your husband" about taking a promotion.

111. You're more likely to work in "formal employment," which is government regulated to insure wages and certain rights, and less likely work in "pink collar jobs," like domestic labor, which are considered "women's work" and have less stability, job security, and pay.

113. If you're a single father, that doesn't put your household at the highest risk for poverty - lone mother households are most susceptible.

115. You're not stereotyped at work as not belonging in higher paid roles, like being mistaken for the nurse if you're the doctor, or for a secretary when you're a lawyer.

116. You can put little time into your appearance without a negative impact on your work life, like having people believe you're unprofessional or not put together.

117. You can spend less on products to maintain your "professional" appearance. Women are expected to spend more on clothing, accessories, and beauty products, even when they're earning less.

118. You can be assertive at work without being labeled "bitchy" or "bossy."

119. You're more likely to be perceived as a leader.

121. If you're never promoted, it's not because of your gender.

124. If you're careless with money, it's not attributed to your gender.

127. You're less likely to have your failures at work as a sign that your gender shouldn't be doing this type of work. This is especially true in male-dominated industries and leadership positions.

131. You can look up to professional role models of your gender in your field and see them lauded for their achievements, not just their appearance.

133. You're more likely to be remembered for your own work accomplishments, rather than your marriage or appearance.

Childhood and Education

153. As you're growing up, you have more positive role models of your gender to choose from in media, history books, fiction, and more.

157. At school, you can learn about your gender's contributions to the world without needing extra electives or men's studies departments to be included in the curriculum.

Religion (And the Lack Thereof)

158. If you're religious, you're much more likely to have religious leaders of your gender, with every major religion led by men.

159. If you're religious, you're less likely to be assumed incapable of choosing your religion for yourself, like when people assume that Muslim women need "saving."

166. Sacred and religious figures and deities like the Christian God are usually portrayed as your gender.

Male Privilege is Real, But Intersectionality Means That It Looks Different for Different Men

Examples of male privilege demonstrate how the patriarchy shows up - but they aren't representations of every man's life, at every moment. They aren't things that only men have ever experienced.

It's just more likely that you'll get these benefits if you're a man, because they're supported by the system of patriarchy.

But a man of color may have to worry about being targeted for racist violence. A mentally ill man could be targeted for police brutality. A gay man could be the target of homophobic violence.

These examples don't invalidate the existence of male privilege, which are benefits denied to people who aren't men due to their gender. But they show why the context of intersectionality (how different forms of systemic oppression intersect) matters.

In other words, we tend to think of male privilege as what men experience, as opposed to what women experience.

But the truth is, everything we're taught about how we can determine people's gender at birth and categorize everyone as a man or a woman is wrong.

For example, , , and people are outside of the gender binary of men of women, and transgender women who are treated like "men" aren't experiencing male privilege.

These realities complicate examples from research on gender oppression, which unfortunately tend to refer only to cisgender men and women. At the end of this article, I'll share the work of some writers who fill in the gaps of who we tend to erase when we use binary language.

This collection shows the real magnitude of what we're dealing with when it comes to gender-based oppression. Though some examples may seem small on their own, they show how the larger system of patriarchy is maintained every day.

So What Can You Do About Male Privilege?

This is the world we're living in - inequality from casual interactions to deeply entrenched gender norms, creating social, legal, and health consequences for people who aren't men.

So what can you do about it? Use this resource to build awareness. Notice how you're contributing to these harmful cultural norms. And check out some further reading for next steps on addressing male privilege:

I thank people like Adrian Ballou , Michal "MJ" Jones , Sam Dylan Finch , and Pidgeon Pagonis for their work in helping us change the erasive language the gender binary relies on.

Some of these male privilege examples appeared on the following lists, so go support these writers as well:
Maisha Z. Johnson is the Digital Content Associate and Staff Writer of Everyday Feminism. You can find her writing at the intersections and shamelessly indulging in her obsession with pop culture around the web. Maisha's past work includes Community United Against Violence (CUAV), the nation's oldest LGBTQ anti-violence organization, and Fired Up!, a program of California Coalition for Women Prisoners. Through her own project, Inkblot Arts, Maisha taps into the creative arts and digital media to amplify the voices of those often silenced. Like her on Facebook or follow her on Twitter @mzjwords.

Filed Under: Tagged With: Articles, Gender Posts

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160+ Examples of Male Privilege in All Areas of Life - Everyday Feminism

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As a man, what does gender equality mean to you? Because while fairness is a valuable goal, equality for equality's sake isn't nearly as important as justice - for liberation's sake. By naming the problem, we're not just saying "this is wrong, so let's fix it."