# data[].attributes.body
In early America, race served as a tool or reason for the interest of slave traders. Before the discovery of America, the traders invented "Black". According to the podcast, we know that in order to construct the superiority of the "white race", people like Emerson or Jefferson held the idea of a Saxonist country. Painter says the British themselves don’t use the term much, and it’s rarely heard in the supposed original homeland of the Saxons, but America, as a "multi-race" country, focused on building the concept of Anglo-Saxons. They described it as “The English face", "decision and nerve”, “the fair complexion", "blue eyes" and "open florid aspect." we can see the definition isn't clear.

All in all, the concept of Saxon appeared early than America, it was not until they take advantage and spread this idea in order to serve their own interest, both finacial and ideology wise.

# data[].attributes.body
In early America, in order to separate the power to a certain group of people, as well as prevent "race mixing", the early American settlers started to start defining. Their first definition, a white man is someone with no blood whatsoever that is Negro or Indian, and they will assign the following rights and privileges.

Then, from Thomas Jefferson, he holds an idea that America is a Saxon country, and he wants racial purity. Also, from John, he mentioned that the idea resulted from oppression, so the definition of white in that special time was one who holds basic rights, not seriously based on color or blood relation.

# data[].attributes.body
From details of the podcast, we know that most of the Indians were killed by early colonizers. At the same time, from the laws provided in the podcast, we know that only a few groups of Indians were assigned as White races so that they could maintain their land and hold some rights in their hand. But since there definitely lots of Indians in America before the early settlers, what happened to other Indian groups?

From the laws they published and what's going on with these slaves, we could merely guess how some groups of Indians were being treated at that time. As well as inside the podcast, the announcer mentioned Indian genocide, also telling some of the Indian's disappearance implicitly.

# data[].attributes.headline
Myth: Declaration of Independence frees people in America

# data[].attributes.subject
Myth: Declaration of Independence frees people in America

# data[].attributes.body
Normally, most people might consider the utter of Declaration of Independence as the start of freedom rights for people in early America. Inside the podcast, they mentioned the purpose of the Declaration of Independence wasn't really about ideas of universal freedom. It was about the people who signed the document getting free of intervention and control of the British Crown. So, it might indicate the freedom of certain groups of people, but what they were doing was to profit from slavery and other forms of exploitation.

Thus, we know that only the ones who are in power or certain groups of people are able to get their right to freedom, but their "free right" and self-interest come from depriving others of their freedom even after the publish of Delcaration of Indipendence.

# data[].attributes.body
At first, the concept of race is not real biological wise, but real in political wise. After knowing about this, the podcast introduced the attitude in early greek. The only thing they have is the thought that they have the best culture and they're civilized compared to other people. They only differ from people by where and how they live.

Then, when the time comes to 14th century, although some of the people like Battuta hold the idea that civilization in sub-Saharan Africa isn't worse than western civilization. The majority of western people still rebuff this idea for maintaining the slave trade. On the contrary, people like Zurara portrayed the slave trade as providing freedom in Africa, additionally, his idea and article created Blackness. Because of the interest of slave traders and lack of understanding, the concept of race was gradually formed. By the late 1600s, with the scientific revolution, scientists started to sort people into categories, and eventually, the concept of three races appeared.

# data[].attributes.body
Although, this word has already mentioned by several us president or founding fathers as the main idea to run this land. But in reality, lots of factors or interests by different people intentionally or unintentionally get in the way of this expectation: The Racial Integrity Act for preventing "race mixing" which means not all humans in America Land are able to have their own right.

Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers mentioned in the podcast, also wrote, "All men are created equal". But on another day, he wrote the idea that African Americans are inferior, etc. The interesting thing is what happened after his words were published. Although back in that time, most of the people have the same idea but he still recieved letters who against his idea. He replied and approbate these idea. From the study of researchers, we know that personally, Jefferson seems to approve the anti-race idea, but at the same time, his self-interest is deeply bound with slavery, and he also approves the idea of the superiority of White people.

From contradiction happened on Jefferson, we can took a glance of the current situation of equality of America.

# data[].attributes.body
At first, in the ancient world, there were already lots of slaving going on: in Greeks, Romans, China, West African Kingdom. But the concept of Race doesn't appear as early as them.

During that time, most people didn't categorize based on heredity but climate. This theory is called "Climate Theory". They coming up temperate region of the Mediterranean has produced the most superior peoples, while the extreme cold or extreme hot northern or southern climates leading to these inferior peoples. Which gave them a reason to eslave people.

But, people like Alcidamas challenged these notions with reasonable evidence. He wrote, “God has left all men free; nature has made no man a slave.” But since promoting these ideas made it difficult for slave traders, his idea was shouted down as lies.

In a nut shell, they surely categorize people based on their culture or region. But didn't base on genetic factors.

# data[].attributes.body
From the myth we learn in our class, we know that during the early America when new settelers arrived, some of them like puritan refers new discovered island as Utopia.

But, from the podcast, although most of the founding fathers hold the idea of "All Men Equal", the law related with race and some details mentioned in the podcast already showed a society full filled with contradiction, unequality, and bloody history. During that time, majority of people holds the race idea which is the supority of Anglo-Saxons.

Thus, we could know that there's still lots of problems appeared in early America and it is not a so-called land of freedom or eqality.

# data[].attributes.body
Most of the readers refer to Emerson as the one who really cares about those slaves since he criticized slavery. But from books or articles about him mentioned in the podcast, we know that Emerson saw Anglo-Saxons as intelligent and freedom-loving, beautiful as well (We all know the idea is narrow). On his journals, He wrote, “The captivity of a thousand negroes is nothing to me.” Emerson thought slavery was bad for the enslavers and barbaric for people like him.

Thus, in summary, we know that Emerson opposed slavery not because he cared about people who were enslaved but because of his idea about the Saxon race being kind and intelligent.

# data[].attributes.body
As mentioned in the podcast, there was no such concept referred to as race in the early civilization. But they already got the concept of slavery back in that time. Thus, there is no way to say that race is the reason.

From the recording by Zurara, written in 1453, we can see that first-time settlers from Europe categorized and came up with racial ideas so that they could enslave a group of people with a perfect reason. They invented the concept of black.

By the 1500s, his ideas in the book had strongly influenced other countries in Europe.

Then, the thought of race came to America by the British which evolved to the race idea we know today. Thus, race is not the reason for slavery, but slavery is the reason for race.