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It seems the court deemed that Simmons Eight Amendment was violated and declared his punishment to be unconstitutional since he was a juvenile when he committed the crime.

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Against:
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor argued against Kennedy saying that the number of changes in state laws and the number of decisions wasn't sufficient enough to show that the entire nation agreed with juveniles not facing the death penalty. She also argued that just saying that Stanford v. Kentucky is outdated to change Simmons's sentencing is insufficient by itself.

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The impact this case had on our history makes complete sense to why this was a landmark court case. This case changed how we judge our juvenile system. It also overturned 72 inmates' cases and invalidated 23 states allowing juveniles to be executed

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For:
Simmons's attorney Anthony Kennedy argued with the court that sentencing a juvenile to the death penalty was a cruel and unusual punishment. He asked the Supreme Court to use the 2002 court case Atkins v. Virginia, which doesn't allow people who're mentally ill to receive the death penalty, instead of using the 1989 Stanford v. Kentucky case which allows underage offenders to face the death penalty and is outdated in community standards since the time of the ruling,

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In 2005, the Supreme Court had a 5-4 decision to end death sentences for juvenile offenders. They overturned the 1989 Stanford v. Kentucky case saying it was outdated and unconstitutional.

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17-year-old, Christopher Simmons, was arrested and convicted in Missouri in 1993 for the murder of Shirley Crook. He tied her up with electrical cable, leather straps, and duct tape, throwing her into the Meramac River and leaving her to eventually die. In the state of Missouri, the death penalty was permitted for offenders under the age of 18 and after Simmons was sentenced with the death penalty, he appealed his case saying this punishment is cruel and unusual for underage criminals.