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Democritus stated that atoms are minuscule quantities of matter that makes up everything, and thought, "The universe is composed of two elements: the atoms and the void in which they exist and move.”

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The atomic theory did not appeal to Aristotle, instead he argued that the four elements of fire, water, air, and earth are what made up everything. He believed that everything on Earth was made up of trace amounts of each element.

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John Dalton merged his theories with Aristotle's. He stated that all things are made up of atoms, and cannot be split into smaller pieces. He also stated that all atoms of the same element are identical, whereas other elements are composed of different atoms.

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The atomic theory model proposed by Dalton

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The atomic theory model proposed by Dalton

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The concept of negatively charged electrons and unknown positive charges was first proposed by Thompson. He believed that the atom was a sphere of positive charge and negatively charged electrons were spread evenly among the positive charge. According to him, atoms are positively charged if it had more positive mass, and atoms are negatively charged if the atom had more negatively charged electrons.

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According to Rutherford, an atom's nucleus is made up of protons and neutron and stated that the electrons surrounds the nucleus in an electron orbit. Sadly, he died before he could prove his theory.

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In his hypothesis, Bohr posited that the electrons follow a fixed path as they orbit the nucleus.

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In 1926, Heisenberg and Schrodinger used Bohr's atomic model to solve math equations to determine the possibilities of discovering an electron in a specific spot. The model they created is known as the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

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Protons, electrons, neutrons, and a nucleus make up the modern atom. Protons and neutrons are found in the center of the nucleus, which is surrounded by electrons. We can now affirm that atoms are the building blocks of all matter, that atoms can be divided, that atoms can be joined to form molecules, and that atoms differ from one another. Despite having the same number of protons, each atom of a given element may not have the same mass and weight. Instead, the number of protons in an atom determines what element it belongs to.

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source: https://www.sutori.com/en/story/evolution-of-atomic-theory-timeline--W7TGumvkuoVMZsRrtqwjGP5m