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According to Roman tradition, the Republic began in 509 BCE when a group of noblemen overthrew the last king of Rome. The Romans replaced the king with two consuls men who had many of the same powers as the king but were elected to serve one-year terms.

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The first legal code of the Roman Republic was drafted between 451 and 450 BCE to help resolve the conflict between patricians, the wealthy and privileged landowners, and plebeians, the general populace.

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Romans gain control of the Italian Peninsula 340-270 BCE 

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Romans gain control of the Italian Peninsula 340-270 BCE 

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Though the Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C., the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the military hero Camillus, eventually gaining control of the entire Italian Peninsula.

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In 264 B.C., Rome decided to intervene in a dispute on the western coast of the island of Sicily (then a Carthaginian province) involving an attack by soldiers from the city of Syracuse against the city of Messina.

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A battle fought between Carthage and Rome. Rome moved all over the place to gain an advantage agist Carthage and finally won against them. They only fought for 17 years.

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third of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire that resulted in the final destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean.

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Marius was a Roman general and statesmen. He was popular with his troops, but he showed little flair for politics and was not a good public speaker. As an equestrian, he lacked the education in Greek normal to the upper classes.

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The Gracchi Brothers were two siblings who were an important part of Roman history. Both Gracchi brothers had very similar goals they wanted to achieve. They wanted to help the poor and give the common people their rights. Also, they saw that the plebian population owned very little land. In order to accomplish these goals, they had to make many land reforms.

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Romeans Gain Control of the Eastern Mediterranean 

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Romeans Gain Control of the Eastern Mediterranean 

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Rome Conquers the Eastern Mediterranean. By the 1st century B.C. After the Second Punic War, Rome conquered Macedonia, including Greece, and Syria, including most of southwestern Asia. And after that Egypt, recognizing Rome's might, submitted to Roman domination of the eastern Mediterranean; in 30 B.C. Rome annexed Egypt.

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Julius Caesar was born from a C-section procedure. It was used to save a baby from the womb of a mother who had died while giving birth. The mother of Julius Caesar himself, lived through childbirth, therefore eliminating the possibility that the ruler was himself born by C-section.

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The Triumvirate of ancient Rome was an uneasy alliance between the three titans Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus which. The three men were joined in their desire to limit the Senate's power and pursue their own ends. Ultimately, the three men who formed the First Triumvirate had little in common except the desire to exercise unfettered power.

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Cisalpine Gaul gave Caesar a military recruiting ground; Transalpine Gaul gave him a springboard for conquests beyond Rome's northwest frontier.
Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul up to the left bank of the Rhine and subjugated it so effectively that it remained passive under Roman rule throughout the Roman civil wars

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"crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom that means "passing a point of no return" His crossing of the river precipitated Caesar's civil war,[4] which ultimately led to Caesar's becoming dictator for life (dictator perpetuo).

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A group of as many as 60 conspirators decided to assassinate Caesar at the meeting of the Senate on March 15, the ides of March. Collectively, the group stabbed Caesar a reported 23 times, killing the Roman leader. The death of Julius Caesar ultimately had the opposite impact of what his assassins hoped.

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The Second Triumvirate (43–32 BC) was a political alliance formed after the Roman dictator Julius Caesar's assassination, comprising Caesar's adopted son Octavian (the future emperor later re-named Augustus) and the dictator's two most important supporters, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.

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The War of Actium (32–30 BC) was the last civil war of the Roman Republic, fought between Mark Antony (assisted by Cleopatra and by extension Ptolemaic Egypt) and Octavian. In 32 BC, Octavian convinced the Roman Senate to declare war on the Egyptian queen Cleopatra.

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Octavian proclaimed Augustus Caesar 27 B.C.

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Octavian proclaimed Augustus Caesar 27 B.C.

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Historians usually refer to the new Caesar as Octavian during the time between his adoption and his assumption of the name Augustus in 27 BC in order to avoid confusing the dead dictator with his heir.