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Heart Attack
A heart attack is a medical emergency, usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart. Without blood, tissue loses oxygen and dies.
Symptoms include tightness or pain in the chest, neck, back, arms, as well as fatigue, lightheadedness, abnormal heartbeat, and anxiety. Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms than men.
Treatments ranges from lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation to medications, stents, and bypass surgery.

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Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It begins in a cell in the bone marrow. The cell undergoes a change and becomes a type of leukemia cell. Once the marrow cell undergoes a leukemia change, the leukemia cells may grow and survive better than normal cells.

Symptoms:
Many patients with slow-growing types of leukemias don't have symptoms. Rapidly growing types of leukemia may cause symptoms that include fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, and easy bleeding or bruising.

Treatment:
Treatment is highly variable. For low-growing leukemias, treatment may include monitoring. For aggressive leukemias, treatment includes chemotherapy that's sometimes followed by radiation and stem-cell transplant.

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Diabetes

A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose). Your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it well as it should. When there isn't enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time that can cause serious health problems such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.

Symptoms: Often no symptoms, but they include excessive thirst or urination, fatigue, weight loss, or blurred vision.

Treatment: Taking insulin or other diabetes medicines. Staying active and care of well being can help manage the disease.

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Bell's Palsy

The nerve that controls facial muscles passes through a narrow corridor of bone on its way to the face. In Bell's palsy, that nerve becomes inflamed and swollen - usually related to a viral infection. Besides facial muscles, the nerve affects tears, saliva, taste and small bone in the middle of the ear.

Sudden weakness in the muscles one half of the face and may also be a reaction to a viral infection. It rarely occurs more than once. Bell's palsy is characterized by muscle weakness that causes one half of the face to droop. Usually resolves on its own within six months. Physical therapy can help prevent muscles from permanently contracting.

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Parkinson's Disease
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often tremors.
Nerve cell damage in the brain causes dopamine levels to drop, leading to the symptoms of Parkinson's
It often starts with a tremor in one had. Other symptoms are slow movement, stiffness, and loss of balance.
Medications can help control the symptoms of Parkinson's.

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Scoliosis -
Affects the entire skeletal system including the spine, ribs, and pelvis. It impacts upon the brain and central nervous system.
Scoliosis occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. Most cases are mild with few symptoms. Some children develop spine deformities that get more severe as they grow. Severe scoliosis can be painful and disabling. Often, no treatment is necessary. Sometimes a brace or surgery is needed.

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Acne

A very common skin condition caused by an oily substances called Sebum. It lubricates the hair and skin that can lead to clogged pores resulting in bacteria that can inflammation causes severe acne.

Symptoms: Ranges from uninflamed blackheads to pus-filled pimples, red spots,  and tender bumps. Usually on the face or chest, shoulders, and upper back.

Treatment: Treatments include over the counter creams or prescribed antibiotics. Skin care products including benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or tretinoin can also be used to treat acne.

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Down Syndrome

A common genetic disorder caused by abnormal cell division resulting in extra genetic material from chromosome 21.
The disorder affects facial appearance, intellectual disability, development delays, and is sometimes associated with heart or thyroid disease.
Symptoms: difficulty thinking and understanding, flatten face, vision disorder, single line on palm, speech delay, etc.
Treatments: Down syndrome cannot be cured but treatment programs can improve skills. Speech, physical, occupational, educational therapy and support groups help people with down syndrome.

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Iron deficiency

It is a common cause of too few healthy red blood cells in the body (anemia). Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen.
Some symptoms can be fatigue and shortness of breath.
Treatments include iron supplements and a focus on any underlying causes.

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Disease is a disorder of structure in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms that affects a specific location.

Disorder is an illness that disrupts normal physical or mental functions.

They are similar by both affect parts of the body and interrupting their functions.

They are both different because they can be treated very differently.