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one of the two sex chromosomes that are involved in sex determination. XX is female.

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XY is one of the two sex chromosomes that are involved in sex determination. XY is male.

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DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix

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A DNA molecule is made up of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder in a helix-like shape

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the action or process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

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A, T, C and G

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the basic building blocks of all living things

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the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.

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threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

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an individual's complete set of chromosomes

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the male reproductive cell; the male gamete.

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the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism's cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

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the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells.

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the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

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If a cell is specialized, it has unique structures that allow it to carry out its function in the body.

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a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

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a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, which can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.

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Sex inheritance occurs when genetic traits are inherited on either the X or the Y chromosome.

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Zygote is a fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).

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An offspring of a human or other mammal in the stages of prenatal development that follow the embryo stage

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It involves four stages of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix during the first stage, descent and birth of the baby during the second, the delivery of the placenta during the third, and the recovery of the mother and infant during the fourth stage, which is referred to as the postpartum.

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Female

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Male

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Variation can be defined as any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species

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DNA

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The process of transmission of genes from parent to offspring.

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refers to things like eye colour or blood group, which have a limited number of possible values

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refers to characteristics like weight or height, which change gradually

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a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

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the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.