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1.what are the stories behind?

2.what are people's thoughts about it(in the past& now)?

3.what are the reasons for its rise and fall?

4.How was it designed?

5.What else happened during the same period?

6.What were the most famous shops in the mall area?

7.How did they advertise to attract customers?

8.How did it impact the surrounding residents and the area?

9.What was the process and reason for the demolition?

10.If it hasn't been demolished yet, how could it be transformed to exist in modern world?

11.What characters and their stories unfold within it?

12.What kind of organisation forms within it and how does it operate?

13.What artworks, films, documentaries, photographs, books, or articles are related to this building?

14.What backgrounds typically make up the residents there?

15.Are those shops still in existence? Where have they relocated to?

16.How is the overpass bridge closely associated with this mall(buildings)?

17.What does the area look like now and how did it evolve to its current state?

18.How are the scenes and characters from that time period recreated in films and series?

19.Are there similar events in other regions of Taiwan or even in other countries(the UK)?

20.Are there any major incidents that occurred within this area?

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1. Spitalfields market

2. Whitechapel Market

3. Portobello Road Market

4. Westminster Bridge

5. Bath

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reflective writing discussing one of the assessment criteria Ｉwish to improve the most during FMP

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reflective writing discussing one of the assessment criteria Ｉwish to improve the most during FMP

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In my Family Fortune Project, I realize the crucial need to emphasize experimentation more. Looking back on past projects, especially the recent "Family Fortune," I overlooked the importance of conducting tests while doing research or searching for family members. It wasn't until the pin-up session before the final outcome that I began to consider how to make the discoveries in the research process more specific. I had separated research and making too distinctly.

Consequently, I found myself in a panic, unsure of the appropriate format to use. Strengthening the experimentation aspect and starting experiments earlier would prevent the need to consider presentation methods only after completing research, thereby avoiding neglecting the context and resulting in an unsuitable format. At that time, I entertained numerous format ideas without clarity on my communication objectives, yet I failed to experiment with any. It wasn't until the first tutorial that I hurriedly mentioned some ideas, but because I was solely focused on research, my ideas often revolved around individual findings rather than integrating interesting discoveries from my research. This led to last-minute adjustments to the content when producing the outcome, as I hadn't thoroughly considered how to effectively convey integrated ideas visually.

Beginning experimentation outside of A3 sheets from the outset also offers the benefit of visualizing the process, aiding others in understanding the creative journey and background beyond the limitations of A3 pages. Most importantly, it's essential to concurrently explore suitable media and presentation methods. Therefore, I believe this is the aspect I most need to adjust in my FMP. Although the project timeline may be extended, it emphasizes the importance of the experimentation phase in guiding direction, rather than being led solely by research discoveries. Through continuous experimentation, I aim to better navigate and lead the entire process.

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reflection summarising how and why I chosen subject area

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reflection summarising how and why I chosen subject area

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I chose this topic because I've always wanted to explore themes related to my hometown. When it comes to Taiwan, I have a particular fondness for the period from the 1960s to the 1980s. Although I wasn't born yet, I often hear stories from my parents and relatives about this time. To me, Taiwan during this period was incredibly vibrant and colorful. I also have a special fondness for the films, television shows, and literature that emerged during this era. I hope to discover more about lesser-known stories from Taiwan that also interest me during the creative process. So when I thought of this theme, I felt excited because there's so much to uncover. I'm especially intrigued by the decline process within this era. I'm drawn to the unique chaotic and diverse vitality that Taiwan possessed in the past. My primary aim is to convey this spirit to people who haven't been exposed to such a culture. Since most audiences are unfamiliar with the background of this market, I want to challenge myself through this project to make people feel like they've experienced a bit of nostalgia for this era they may not have heard much about. I might even do something to evoke memories or preserve them, or brainstorm alternative methods to develop a design that exists in another form from this vanished market. With this premise, I need to conduct extensive and comprehensive research. Although I haven't deeply researched the different family members in this market yet, I know that I want to focus on storytelling. It doesn't necessarily have to be based on real stories from the area; it could be something developed from discoveries in the research process and my imagination. I can also develop independent tests/outcomes through various aspects such as architectural structures, spatial planning, different industries, and shops, etc.

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movie:dust in the wind--the story is related to Chung Hua Market and was filmed in this area.

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The Chung Hua Market, once bustling with activity, eventually became engulfed by the city's evolution.

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台北人的共同回憶：回顧中華商場的興衰【下】 | 城市學

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近來由於公共電視拍攝《天橋上的魔術師》，讓曾經存在超過30年的「中華商場」，又重新獲得輿論關注，並引發熱烈討論。在中華路那八棟三層樓的建築，不僅是許多老台北人的共同回憶，更是這座城市令人難忘的文化地景，在這片場域發生過無數悲歡離合的時代故事。請跟著懷舊達人張哲生的筆觸，一起回味中華商場的成立背景和興衰起伏。

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Series: The Magician On The Skywalk--the story is related to Chung Hua Market and was filmed in this area.

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architecture design style in Taiwan from the 1960s to the 1980s

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臺北市立美術館 | 首頁 | 研究出版 | 現代美術學報 | 現代美術學報 | 44期

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臺北市立美術館官方網站，1983年12月24日正式開館。位於臺北市圓山中山美術公園，佔地六千二百坪，全館建築共分六層─地下三層、地上三層，共有展場23間、餐廳、戶外咖啡, 藝術書店、圖書室、視聽室、哺乳室, 美術教室, 資源教室, 停車場等休憩服務空間。建築由高而潘建築師事務設計監造，以懸臂飛廊之「井」字結體形式，四周牆面整片玻璃採光，中樞內庭承接自然光源，具現代建築風格，極富國際都會之時代特色。網站提供參觀訊息、交通指引、展覽訊息、多媒體內容、教育活動、美術教室預約、師生園地、典藏資料庫、研究、書店購書、會員服務、以及美術行政、客服中心等。Taipei Fine Arts Museum Official site, TFAM.museum, with introduction to the museum architecture, visiting info, exhibitions, education programs, Multi-Media content, Online booking, E-Campus, collection database, Research activities, bookstore, membership services, art administrative and customer help desk. TFAM was officially opened on 24 December 1983, focusing on contemporary Taiwanese arts and introducing international art currents to its nation-wide audiences. Facility includes： exhibition Gallery, art experience corner, art studio, bookshop, Out door café, auditorium, library, parking lot etc. TFAM website began in 1996 with www.tfam.gov.tw. From January 2007 on, www.TFAM.museum is the new address for the site. contact: info-tfam@gov.taipei

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A vlog about one of the shop(dim sum world) opened in the market in the past is now opened in a department store.

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走尋從前台北中華商場點心世界，原來車站也有一家！

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archives from government and organisations during the building and demolition process.

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true stories happened in the market

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A book including stories happened in the market and other nearby places during the period

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similar events happened in the UK

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Ridley Road Market, London. (Photo by Wayne Tippetts/Shutterstock)

Beneath the blue-and-white-striped awnings of east London's Ridley Road Market, boxes of smoked catfish, fresh callaloo and tins of ackee jostled for space. St Lucian mangos - "very sweet" - loomed over brilliant white aubergines, or garden eggs. "Air since '97" tracksuits swayed beside piles of "I'm a Boss" boxers, gently mocking their high-end namesakes.

Ridley Road's 150 stalls - supplying an array of Afro-Caribbean, African, Asian and British goods - reflect and serve communities that have made the London Borough of Hackney their home.
[See also: The cost of living has increased more than you think - budget food has doubled in price]
It has been at the heart of the Hackney locality of Dalston since 1880. In the Forties and Fifties, it was a Jewish market, and a site of resistance against Oswald Mosley's fascist revival. Later in the Sixties and Seventies, it became home to a large Caribbean community. Turks, Greeks and countless others later joined.

"Traditional street markets are a space for people who cannot afford to meet in coffee shops"

A recent University of Leeds study led by Sara González has measured the "community value" of traditional UK street markets, finding that "they are particularly important to low-income communities, older people, migrants and black and minority ethnic groups".

It demonstrates how markets in Bury in Greater Manchester, Newcastle and London provide healthy and affordable food, a social space, and boost the local economy.

"They are a safe and welcoming space for people who could be struggling to heat their homes or cannot afford to meet their friends in a coffee store," said González.

Yet they are under threat.

In 2021, the National Association of British Market Authorities reported a £200m loss over the pandemic for market operators, which received little government support.

With the majority of British markets run by cash-strapped local authorities, González warned that "the wide range of community benefits" that markets generate "are being overlooked as they [councils] prioritise a financial return".

Ridley Road remains a refuge for multicultural, working-class London, in a borough that has gained a reputation for catering to the appetites of bougie young professionals.

Over the past decade, Hackney has had a rapid makeover. London's most deprived borough and England's sixth most-deprived local authority in 2010 is now home to cafés selling £4 flat whites and house prices that have risen 108 per cent.

This mega regeneration was accelerated by the 2012 Olympic Games in nearby Stratford and the reopening of the East London Line. With traders peddling fruit and veg - "any two bowls for £1.50" - the market feels out of sync with Hackney's shiny new future.

Designs to "regenerate" the market are part of Hackney Council's " Dalston Plan ". A £1m investment will provide new-look gazebos, card machines, public wi-fi and newly planted trees.

This should be welcome news, given the crisis elsewhere in the sector. Across the UK, traditional markets like this one have been under threat or disappearing. Casualties include Newcastle's Green Market in 2007, Glasgow's Paddy's Market in 2009, Manchester's Newton Heath Market in 2010, Sheffield's Castle Market in 2013 and London's Dagenham Sunday Market in 2020.
[See also: How a Latin American market became the battleground for Corbynism's soul]
Yet despite the council's investment, there is an atmosphere of disquiet among Ridley Road traders. Making markets palatable to an affluent millennial elite threatens to price out and alienate long-standing traders and customers. The plans will also reduce the number of pitches.

Photo by Andrea Scaringella

I met 68-year-old Larry Julian, whose family has traded at Ridley Road for four generations, at a café on a nearby local market-turned-hipster hotspot, Broadway Market. From where we sat, the boarded-up windows of F Cooke's jellied eel, pie and mash shop - which closed its doors after 120 years in 2020 - frame the organic cheese stall outside.

Born and bred at 108 Ridley Road, Julian started young. "I was 14 when I started working for my father."

After over 50 years on the stall, he brims with fond anecdotes about his time as a "cheeky boy" selling toiletries: joking with regulars, discovering sweet potatoes and yams, and meeting his wife Lesley who sold flowers on the neighbouring stall.

"The atmosphere was fantastic," he told me. Until it wasn't.

Julian retired last year, and he's not alone. His story is ultimately one of heartbreak. "We didn't leave; we were pushed out."

In April 2020, Hackney Council introduced tight new trading regulations for Ridley Road: a 33-page document with 280 licensing conditions.

"It was like reading War and Peace," Julian recalled. If traders slip up, they can be fined or even have their licence revoked. They nicknamed it "101 Ways to Lose Your Licence" - and, indeed, many did.

The council removed 12 licences between 2019-20 for subletting or similar breaches. While Julian acknowledged that subletting was illegal, he felt that in some cases it had occurred because traders simply could not meet conditions outlined. A council spokesperson told the New Statesman that "many of the regulations were not new."

"We didn't leave; we were pushed out"

Combined at the time with a 12-20% increase in pitch fees, these new restrictions made trade - already difficult - untenable for some. Despite attempts to negotiate, "they just wouldn't listen", said Julian.

The results of a community consultation, held from June to October 2021, have not been published. A council spokesperson told the New Statesman it is "currently reviewing" comments and feedback, but did not give a publication date.
[See also: Why inflation could break Britain]
This breakdown of trust has made remaining traders sceptical about the council's long-term commitment to Ridley Road.

Originally from Guinea, Mohamed Barry has been selling African textiles and jewellery from a small unit in the covered section of Ridley Road Market for 13 years.

He felt the council's plan was to "empty the market so they can do whatever they want to it". It doesn't prioritise the need for basic improvements, such as parking provision, he said.

"I don't know what their plan is, but I know that in the end I'm the loser."

Under pressure from a community campaign to Save Ridley Road, the council has approved plans to manage and lease parts of the Ridley Road shopping village, the privately owned covered part of the market. However, campaigners are concerned that the market will be affected by the council's wider plans for the area. The "Dalston Plan" earmarks ten local sites as "development opportunities", including sites on Ridley Road's north side and the neighbouring Kingsland Shopping Centre car park.

Bill Parry-Davies, a local solicitor and part of the Save Ridley Road campaign, warned this would mean "evictions of existing independent shopkeepers and stallholders, disruption to the whole market and a sanitised outcome".
[See also: The cost-of-living crisis will define 2022 - Labour needs answers now]
The council "can't dictate every change in a growing town centre", said a spokesperson, but it "will use every power [we] have to ensure that new development benefits the area's diverse communities first, and shapes Dalston's future based on their priorities".

However, new trading regulations suggest otherwise. They include the requirement for traders to move their pitch and change the type of stall and awning, if deemed in the interest of the "redevelopment of a particular area".

"These luxury flats are for people who won't do their shopping at our market"

Mourning his diminishing customer base, Barry pinpointed property development as the cause. At the new high-rise Dalston Square near Ridley Road, only 28 of its 553 homes are affordable and over 40 per cent are owned by investors for private rental, for example.

"These luxury places are for people who have nothing to do with us," he said.

As the light faded, Ridley Road was still full of life. Smoked turkey and cow's feet were served up by play-fighting teens at Nadeem Halal Butchers, while many hands made light work at God is Able Hair Salon.

This is a "bread and butter" market, in Julian's words, which - as the cost-of-living crisis bites - makes Hackney life possible for many.

Taking down the brightly coloured scarves and handbags that line his stall, Barry had a final message: "we don't got nothing else to survive on but this. Marketing is our life. We want to remain in this market but right now, they are killing it."
[See also: From fuel to inflation to Universal Credit, a cost of living crisis is brewing]
Update, 11/2/22:
This article was amended on 11 February 2022 to correct a typo which read "2019-22" to "2019-20", and to update the piece with more detail about why licences were revoked.
Content from our partners

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The battle for Britain's vanishing food markets intensifies as the cost of living soars

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As the cost of basic food rises in 2022, traditional "bread and butter" markets are in decline.

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new development in historic areas

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a loss of place

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The John Curtin Hotel in Carlton, another of Melbourne's cultural landmarks, is set to close. Nearly 150 years old, the pub has long been a haunt of the union movement, Labor leaders, detectives, journalists and the live music scene.

The building will probably be sold to overseas property developers. While the building has some degree of heritage protection, there appears to be nothing to prevent developers from gutting the interior, keeping the façade and then building a further six stories on top of the lobotomised carapace.

There's no requirement that this site continues to provide a community setting for people to build social ties, both strong and weak.

Once again, Australian planning systems are set to fail the individual and collective identities and biographies of those who live here, and those who came before us.

Once again, residents of a colonial Australian city are experiencing what First Nations, other colonised peoples, asylum seekers and climate refugees have long known: when we are forced to leave a loved place, or when that place changes beyond our control, we experience loss and grief, and our individual and collective identities can be wounded.

Read more: The John Curtin Hotel is a home for Melbourne's musicians, activists and unionists. Shutting it down is a loss for our cultural heritage

A feeling of destierra

Social psychologist Irwin Altman said the loss of buildings and places where we have lived our lives and built community can feel like the loss of a personal relationship which we expected to last indefinitely. Our experience of a change in a place is "both a serious environmental issue and a deeply personal one".

In Returning to Nothing: the meaning of lost places (1996), historian Peter Read challenged us to not "underestimate the effect which the loss of dead and dying places has on our own self-identity, mental well-being and sense of belonging".

Read pointed out that, unlike the English language, there's a word in Spanish, destierra, which describes the psychological trauma of being uprooted, displaced or dispossessed from a loved place.

Our colonial planning laws, which are steeped in the tradition of terra nullius, give very limited weight to the personal and collective emotions and identities of those who seek to preserve the links between threatened buildings, places and spaces, and their own biographies, ongoing Indigenous presence and community identity.

Liveable cities

With its focus on healthy, liveable neighbourhoods, the Victorian government's Plan Melbourne has sought to build on the legacy of Melbourne's claim to be the world's most liveable city.

Certainly, the Australian Urban Observatory shows that many parts of Melbourne offer easy physical access to diverse affordable housing, local employment, social infrastructure, fresh affordable food, green space, walkable neighbourhoods and efficient public transport.

But liveable places also welcome us. They make it easy for us to feel like we belong and to experience a sense of community.

The built environment is far more than a backdrop to our lives. Environmental economist and planner Michael Jacobs said "People do not simply look out over a landscape and say, 'this belongs to me'. They say, 'I belong to this'".

Our overtly formal and "rational" planning and heritage laws typically assess the value of buildings and places on their architectural merit alone, rather than how these places and spaces serve as repositories of cultural memory and settings for building community.

Read more: Cities are made from more than buildings and roads. They are also made by ambiences - how a city makes you feel

The loss of The Greyhound

While the John Curtin Hotel has never been one of my tribal haunts, its significance resonates.

In 1996, I moved to Melbourne to study. I found a flat in Balaclava, and immediately felt at home. The urban form provided a sense of intimacy that I'd never experienced living elsewhere in Australia.

One of my favourite St Kilda haunts was the Greyhound Hotel.

This raffish, Victorian/art-deco pile had served as a community meeting place for local LGBTQ+ residents and other locals for almost 100 years.

The hotel, and nearby St Kilda Town Hall, each on opposite sides of Brighton Road, served as a symbolic gateway to my local neighbourhood. The Greyhound certainly wasn't a fancy building, but it was quirky. For 160 years, it had been a vital " third place " for building community: a space we gather in away from home and work.

The Greyhound was integral to the character of the local neighbourhood, and to people's individual and collective stories.

Despite its acknowledged social significance and a community petition, neither local heritage laws nor the State Planning Minister would protect the Greyhound Hotel from destruction in 2017 by the international consortium that had bought it.

Because the original Victorian hotel had been remodelled extensively in the 1930s, the council indicated that it could not include the building on its "historic" register, which apparently only recognises buildings that remain largely unchanged. Think about all the historic buildings in Europe that have evolved continuously over the centuries.

Locals mourned the Greyhound's destruction and took home bricks as mementos. Several years following the hotel's demolition, the site remains an empty scar: there's no history there at all. Even now I try to avoid going near it.

May the John Curtin Hotel - and those who identify with it and love it - experience a different fate.

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The psychology of a loss of place: when we demolish socially significant places, we demolish part of who we are

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The Spanish word 'destierra' describes the psychological trauma of being uprooted, displaced or dispossessed from a loved place.

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more examples in history

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he wave of urban renewal that swept the world in the 20th century gave us inner-city highways, modernist downtown malls and high-rise housing projects. It destroyed countless fine-grained, human-scaled neighbourhoods.

We lost more than just physical buildings. Each of these communities contained something less tangible - neighbourhoods like these are ecosystems. They incubate communities and cultures that do not and could not exist elsewhere.

Sometimes, as in these 10 that follow, a neighbourhood lives in the memory of the displaced and their descendants, as powerful in death as in life.

In 1914, the author Gustav Meyrink wrote a vivid depiction of 16th-century life in Prague's Jewish quarter, Josefov. His novel Der Golem describes an oppressive labyrinth of ancient, looming houses in which "something malicious seemed to permeate the very bricks".

That was pretty close to the perspective of Prague's city government at the end of the 19th century. By then, Josefov's medieval streets had become a dense, diverse hub of poor Czechs, immigrants and artisans whose trades had been devastated by factory manufacturing. City authorities, inspired by Georges-Eugène, Baron Haussmann's recent "renovation" of Paris, saw it as a blight. In December 1896, the Finis Ghetto urban-renewal scheme kicked off with a literal bang, as 45 houses were destroyed by dynamite. With the exception of few religious sites, the entire neighbourhood was destroyed.

The razing faced little opposition from Prague's Jewish residents, many of whom returned after redevelopment - fuelling resentment among the displaced, and contributing to the antisemitic atmosphere that prevailed in the years before the first world war.

A neighbourhood within a building, Mecca Flats was built for Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and by 1910 was home to artists, musicians, white-collar workers and labourers, mostly black, many arrivals in the great migration. The building was one of America's first luxury apartment houses, oriented around a central atrium that brought the street life of the neighbourhood indoors.

By the great depression, it housed more than 1,000 people. The poet Gwendolyn Brooks worked in the building as a peddler in the 1930s, and immortalised it in her 1968 epic poem, In the Mecca, conceiving of it as a cross-section of black American life: "To touch every note in the life of this block-long block-wide building, would be to capsulize the gist of black humanity in general."

The Mecca was acquired by the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1941; tenants, activists and preservationists rallied to save it, but it was replaced with the school's Crown Hall - a bright slice of modernism, designed in direct opposition to the perceived darkness and decrepitude of the Mecca.

St John's Ward was an aberration in uptight, homogenous 20th-century Toronto. A diverse polyglot with a population density approaching that of contemporary central Hong Kong, it was a prototypical arrival city, with Irish, Italian, Jewish, African, Chinese and others establishing their first Canadian beachheads. A 1922 dispatch in the city's Globe newspaper reported: "Chinese restaurants are filled with negro customers, many of them women, while here and there an occasional white girl can be seen partaking of a meal with either a brown or yellow skinned partner." Sanitation and overcrowding were the ostensible targets of the reformers who sought to eradicate the Ward, but that nascent multiculturalism was probably as much a target.

Redevelopment began in 1946 and continued for decades; today, the district is an imposing institutional corridor separating the city's downtown from the fine-grained neighbourhoods to the west - a few of which, especially Kensington Market and Chinatown, still bear traces of the old Ward.

Born in Alabama, Coleman Young's family moved to Detroit's Black Bottom in 1923. The future mayor found himself at five years old amid a community of Jewish, Greek, Italian and Irish residents - and a burgeoning black population arriving, as his family did, from the south. (Boxers Joe Louis and Sugar Ray Robinson, both southerners by birth, lived a few doors from one another here in the 1930s.)

Young was politicised as a teenager, listening to union workers talk leftist politics in a local barbershop. He found entertainment along the neighbourhood's commercial spine, Hastings Street, where John Lee Hooker, Della Reese and others found their musical footing in small clubs.

As with other renewal projects nationally, the funds to raze the community were in part provided by the federal Housing Act of 1949, which extended broad powers of expropriation to cities. By 1956 much of Hastings Street had been destroyed and replaced by the Chrysler Freeway. Bisected, what remained of the community quickly fell into decline.

Late in life, Young would remember the neighbourhood as "a thrilling convergence of people, a wonderfully versatile and self-contained society".

Philip Payton Jr is sometimes referred to as the "father of Harlem" for his work buying properties in Upper Manhattan and renting them to black tenants. In 1905, he began to do the same on West 99th and 98th streets, purchasing several blocks of buildings between Central Park West and Amsterdam Avenue.

A Harlem-in-miniature took root here, and half a decade later, it was a tight-knit community that included the composer Will Marion Cook, opera singer Abbie Mitchell, activist James Weldon Johnson, historian Arturo Schomburg and singer Billie Holiday. In 1951, empowered as Detroit was by 1949's Housing Act, the city declared the district a slum and evicted residents. More than 500 buildings were demolished, replaced by a luxury housing project called Park West Village.

The community became one of the lesser known victims of US slum clearance, though no less mourned by its former residents. "There's a space in my life that's missing right now because of that move," former resident Jim Torain told a documentary film crew in 2008.

In 1844, Los Angeles councilman and rancher Julian Chavez petitioned for 83 acres (33.5 hectares) of land in what was than a semi-rural district near today's Echo Park. He got it, and over the following decades three neighbourhood, Palo Verde, La Loma and Bishop, developed in the verdant hills north of the city. The mostly Mexican-American residents practised subsistence agriculture and raised livestock, ran their own schools, and lived a semi-agrarian lifestyle - in the shadow of one of the nation's ascendant boomtowns.

By the 1940s, urban renewal made the community a target for redevelopment. Residents' homes were expropriated, and while they were promised relocation to new public housing, those plans fell apart after Norris Poulson, who believed public housing to be a communist plot, won 1953's Los Angeles mayoral race.

A handful of stragglers waged the years-long Battle of Chavez Ravine against city authorities, but by 1959 the community was destroyed. In 1962, Dodger Stadium was erected on the site.

Sophiatown was the Victorian-era brainchild of a real estate investor who in 1897 bought 237 acres of land near Johannesburg, laid out a few tidy streets, and named them after his children and wife. After the city located a sewage disposal plant nearby, his white homebuyers fled, and black residents found an opportunity denied them elsewhere: property ownership.

By the 1950s, Sophiatown was the "Chicago of South Africa", filled with shebeens (speakeasies), incubating musicians and artists. It was a focal point of activity for the African National Congress and a young Nelson Mandela, and a hub of anti-apartheid activism. In Sophiatown Speaks, the poet and former resident Don Mattera declared: "Sophiatown was the antithesis of what they wanted for this country. Sophiatown had the black people - meaning Coloured, Indians, Blacks of all tribes - and the whites living together."

In 1955, its residents were mostly relocated to the township of Soweto, out of the city. The community was bulldozed, reconstructed as a district of tidy bungalows, and renamed, in Afrikaans, Triomf, eventually reverting in 2006 to its original name.

The de facto capital of Canada's eastern provinces, Halifax is proof that urban renewal often exacted as great a toll on small cities as on large ones. In 1969, local planners were aiming to replicate the slum clearance policies of bigger metropolises, and devised a scheme to raze the city's historic waterfront for an expressway to the suburbs.

Protests halted the expressway, but not a massive downtown interchange that wiped out almost 15 blocks and 400 buildings in the city centre. It displaced thousands of mostly poor residents, and severed the city's working-class North End from its downtown, exacerbating its decline. Many of the displaced were African-Nova Scotian, descendants of some of Canada's oldest black communities. (The displacement came just a few years after the destruction of Africville, a historic black community at the city's northern tip.)

The interchange was considered a blight almost as soon as it was erected, and will soon be torn down itself, to be replaced by a mixed-use neighbourhood.

In the 1950s, a group of itinerant puppeteers settled on the outskirts of Delhi, establishing this vital community of performers. Memorably described in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, its thousands of small homes, called jhuggis, were crammed daily with magic shows, music, storytelling, puppetry and performance.

But like similar communities, Kathputli lacked sanitation and other amenities; by the 2000s, it was targeted by the Delhi Development Authority, which planned an "in-situ rehabilitation" programme. This involved moving residents to a "transit camp", razing the neighbourhood, and developing a new high-rise district. Nearly 3,000 350-square-foot apartments were to house former residents, with the rest of the land given to market-rate development.

Few residents willingly moved, arguing that the community's survival depended - like Seoul's Euljiro district - on the irreplaceable particulars of its built environment. The tension came to a head in October 2017 when demolition began, leaving residents fleeing their homes with little notice. Some residents remained, living in the ruins.

A visitor to Shanghai in the late 19th century would have found the city dominated by narrow, winding lanes of shikumen, the local equivalent of Britain's Victorian terraced workers' housing, or Philadelphia's miles of rowhouse neighbourhoods. Laoximen is among the most famous of these neighbourhoods, the product of an earlier population boom that saw the city swell with rural residents coming to the fast-growing city, a hub of regional trade.

Today, as the city struggles to house its 26.3 million residents, many old neighbourhoods are being targeted. Part of Laoximen has been destroyed, and demolition is imminent for what remains. Shanghai has a better reputation for preservation than many Chinese cities, however, and a few buildings in Laoximen may be retained.

"It still breaks your heart every time you see something like Laoximen," Tina Kanagaratnam of advocacy group Historic Shanghai told the South China Morning Post last year. "You know this whole way of life is not going to continue. But every time we go somewhere else in China and come back, we think, 'Oh thank God we live in Shanghai', because there is so much more of this than there is anywhere else."
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Vanished neighbourhoods: the areas lost to urban renewal

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he wave of urban renewal that swept the world in the 20th century gave us inner-city highways, modernist downtown malls and high-rise housing projects. It destroyed countless fine-grained, human-scaled neighbourhoods. We lost more than just physical buildings.

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the lost buildings of Bath

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This photo essay is about the city of Bath and the events that happened in the book 'The Sack of Bath'. It will look at what happened to the city and its buildings after the war, in the 1960s and the 1970s and how the power of photography and campaigning helped to save the city from being completely demolished.

As a Bath resident who has lived in the city for over 18 years, I often hear the phrase 'aren't you lucky living in such a beautiful city!'.... Yes, I am.

To this day I still find Bath beautiful and often come across parts of the city that I have never seen before. I explore the city on foot and take photos of the architecture with my camera. Bath is located in the South West of England, near to Bristol. From London Paddington a fast train takes 1 hour 20 minutes, arriving in the heart of Bath. The city is famous for being a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was inscribed in 1987. The Bath World Heritage website states that "Bath is included because of its Roman Remains, 18th Century Architecture, 18th Century Town Planning, Social Setting, Hot Springs and Landscape Setting"[1]. Only two cities on the planet are World Heritage sites, the other being Venice.[2] To this day, Bath continues to be a desirable place to live and visit, and according to a YouGov poll in 2018 "Bath emerged as the second most popular city out of all 57 in England, Scotland and Wales."[3]
'The Sack of Bath'
Last year I was given a book called 'The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson, and whilst reading it I began to learn that Bath could have looked quite different from how it is today. After the war, in the late 1960s and 1970s, acres upon acres of Bath's Georgian minor architecture was demolished. It all happened over the course of a decade and a half. "The Bath of the working classes, which made Beau Nash's fashionable resort possible"[4] had been swept away. What is more, the buildings that were demolished are unreproducible and irreplaceable and therefore unique; so much so that many people living in Bath today would not recognise parts of the city before the mass demolitions.
"Until the 1950s Bath remained among the two or three most complete period cities in the world"[5]
The set pieces, for example, The Royal Crescent, The Circus, Milsom Street and the Pump Room, were spared due to being buildings of great importance. Furthermore, what is upsetting is that a lot of the buildings that were demolished could have been renovated for less than the cost of the new unloved replacements. The replacements were in the style of brutalist architecture and were far from what the Georgian architecture was like in form and style. The horrible new unsympathetic, brutal developments were "changing the character" of the city. When asked in 1972 whether he was proud of the new buildings, the then Chairman of the Development Committee of Bath Council answered "None."[6]
"In few places has the notion of 'urban renewal' been applied with such destructive vigour as here, or with such callous disregard for the finer subtleties of urban charm"[8]
Nearly 2000 Grade I and Grade II buildings in Bath had statutory protection under the 1947 Act which "first established the lists of Britain's buildings of particular architectural or historic interest". There were also 1000 Grade III buildings which were "important enough to be drawn to the attention of local authorities and others" and many hundreds that were unlisted but would have certainly being considered for "statutory protection in almost any other town." [7]

Figure 8 This map shows Bath before 'the sack' began Photo from the book "The Sack of Bath" by Adam Fergusson
Bath today
Figure 9 This map shows Bath after 'the sack'. The black shows what had been demolished by 1973 and in grey cross-hatching other developments. Photo from the book "The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson.

Figure 10 The Hilton Hotel and ventilation shaft, September 1988 © Bath and North East Somerset Council.
We don't want a repeat of the 'Sack' happening again.
The standout pieces of architecture weren't the only buildings that survived. The campaigning work of the Bath Preservation Trust (set up in 1934), the author Adam Fergusson and his 1973 book and the subsequent media attention had a big impact. They managed to stop a lot of the destruction of those times and saved some well-loved parts of the city, for example, Walcot St from the bulldozers.[9] An example that I am very fond of is St Anne's Place because I recently discovered it and then did some research on the place. It is pictured below in the 1970s and more recently in 2018.

Developers wanted to tear down the whole city and rebuild it, so this is what the campaigners were up against in the early 1970s. There is no doubt that there were parts of Bath that needed redevelopment after the war damage and years of austerity. But the failure to recognise the special qualities of the Georgian City and to purposefully destroy parts of the city that were "far from beyond repair", was a deliberate blind spot in the consideration of how to undertake the redevelopment [10]

Fast forward to today and Bath still has threats. In 2009 the city was nearly stripped of its World Heritage Status due to the new SouthGate shopping centre and 2,200 new flats (now built) on Western Riverside. The inspectors were alerted because of the poor quality of these latest building projects.[11] Luckily, Bath continues to be a World Heritage Site and is supposed to be protected by a buffer zone which its purpose from UNESCO's point of view is to "restrict development if it threatens the quality of the site". Bath and North East Somerset Council had argued that the Green Belt and the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) comprise the buffer zone but are proposing to build a large number of houses within the areas of the Green Belt and AONB.

Bath is a beautiful city and is a World Heritage Site, so the planning authority needs to recognise this and take this into account strongly. The city is uniquely special and should plan with this in mind first and foremost, and not from a "formula-based housing assessment of housing numbers". The people that are going to be living in new houses should be properly engaged from the very start of the process so that the occupants actually feel listened to and subsequently feel happy with their homes. Did the occupants of the Georgian homes that were demolished like their new replacements? Would they have preferred living in the more traditional style of building? These are all questions that are relevant to today, particularly in relation to the large- scale housing developments that are springing up all over the country. We need to continue to campaign for better homes and a better-suited planning system that puts amongst other qualities: streets, beauty, community spirit, community engagement; good design and historical protection at the forefront.

References:

[1] https://www.bathworldheritage.org.uk/why-bath-world-heritage-site date of access 3/1/2020

[2] https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/apr/06/bath-heritage-architecture date of access: 4/01/20

[3] https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/most-popular-cities-bath-yougov-1918144 date of access: 29/12/20

[4] 'The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson, 2011 p.11

[5] 'The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson, 2011 Page 11

[6] 'The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson, 2011 Page 16

[7] Adam Fergusson "The Sack of Bath 2011 p. 12

[8] 'The Sack of Bath' by Adam Fergusson, 2011

[9] 'The Sack of Bath by Adam Fergusson, 2011

[10] http://www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Sack-of-Bath_40-years-on.pdf date of access: 4/1/20

[11] https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/apr/06/bath-heritage-architecture date of access: 4/1/20

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This photo essay is about the city of Bath and the events that happened in the book 'The Sack of Bath'. It will look at what happened to the city and its buildings after the war, in the 1960s and the...

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Sara Gonzalez, Paul Waley.(2013) Traditional Retail Markets: The New Gentrification Frontier?

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Sara Gonzalez, Paul Waley.(2013) Traditional Retail Markets: The New Gentrification Frontier?

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Arifianti R.,  Fordian D.,  Pamungkas M.R.(2023)  

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Arifianti R.,  Fordian D.,  Pamungkas M.R.(2023)  

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The Grand Bazaar ( Turkish: Kapalıçarşı, meaning 'Covered Market'; also Büyük Çarşı, meaning 'Grand Market') in Istanbul is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world, with 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shops which attract between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily.

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【再見中華商場1】你應該要知道　中華商場10件事 - 鏡週刊 Mirror Media

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日治時代來到台灣的老翁，在中華商場拆除那天，獨自背著布袋，走到淡水河邊；未能升學的長女，在唱片行度過西洋流行歌曲最風風火火的年代，成為文藝才子懷念的世界窗口；不愛念書的竹東少年，在中華路邊建立制服訂製的典範；一個拉一個，來自楊梅的客家人開啟台灣科技業王國的濫觴......中華商場消失近30年，隨著電視劇《天橋上的魔術師》熱播，...

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Few places in Huddersfield stir the memories more than the old Market Hall. When it was demolished in 1970 many shoppers felt Huddersfield's heart had been ripped out.

It was thought that the town would never be the same again - that something irreplaceable had been destroyed, perhaps that modernity had gone too far. Not even its famous facade on King Street was preserved.

However, there are always two sides to a story. Supporters of the council's decision to demolish the old Market Hall point out that this Gothic colossus no longer met the needs of a vibrant town.

Huddersfield was going through necessary major redevelopment in the 1960s and early 1970s. It was time to move on, they said - to leave the rats and cockroaches behind.

Whatever the case for its continued existence, the old Market Hall had always been the subject of controversy that divided opinions.

Charles II granted a royal charter in 1672 to John Ramsden, the Lord of the Manor of Huddersfield. Under the charter he was allowed to hold a market in Huddersfield in perpetuity.

This market met in the middle of Huddersfield by the market cross. For the next 200 years this proved to be Huddersfield's main market.

'The Shambles' was located 100 yards down King Street and this acted as the main meat and poultry market for Huddersfield until the late 1860s.

During the 1860s there was much agitation in Huddersfield to demolish The Shambles and to build a new market. There were also widely held moral reasons for knocking down The Shambles.

Stocks had been placed there in the 1820s and it had become known as an area of crime and disorder. It was hoped a new market would contrast with 'the roughness of the traditional market.'

In 1868 the new Borough Council of Huddersfield was full of civic ambition. It was determined to create a modern covered Market Hall that reflected the town's civic pride.

The new Victorian market answered the needs of its day. Huddersfield would now have a covered market dedicated to the needs of its growing population.

By 1876 the council acquired the rights from the Ramsden family to build a Market Hall. They initiated a competition for the best design for the new Market Hall.

Over 30 entries were received and in 1878 the Gothic design of local resident Edward Hughes was approved.

In 1878 the cornerstone was laid and by 1880 the new Market Hall was completed. The Cloth Hall had acted as a temporary market for two years until the new Market Hall was finished.

The Market Hall's design was partly influenced by the building of the Crystal Palace with its iron girders and wrought iron lattice work supporting the glass structured hall. However, the exterior with its turrets and tower were purely Gothic. The great four faced clock tower would come to dominate the skyline of Huddersfield for some 90 years.

There were two levels to the market called top and bottom market. It was one of the few markets in the country to operate on two levels. The top market had permanent stalls for retail. The lower level of the market was meant for the sale of wholesale goods, especially fruit and vegetables.

By 1888 the wholesale market moved to Brook Street. The lower or bottom market then converted into a retail area.

When a major fire broke out in 1923, the bottom market took the shape that most Huddersfield people remember until its demolition in 1970.

It had grown from 72 stalls to over 150 stalls by the start of World War II. Some stalls no longer belonged to local families but to national chains like Marks & Spencer. Another sign of the market's growing success was the fact that it was usually fully tenanted.

In the 1880s, no fewer than 31 of the old Market Hall's 39 exterior shops were occupied by butchers and fishmongers.

Over the years the tradition faded and by 1940, although the fishmongers remained, only six of the shops were trading as butchers.

A diversity of retailers had moved into the other outlets including a photographic dealer, a jeweller, two hardware dealers, several grocers, two gentlemen's outfitters, two seeds men, a house furnisher and most memorably a dolls' hospital.

It should be remembered that no supermarkets existed at the time and Huddersfield's trade revolved around the old Market Hall.

Huddersfield Cine Club performed an act of huge historic significance in 1969 when they filmed the old Market Hall in colour.

The documentary filmed was entitled: 'A Portrait of a Market.' This film seemed to capture the old market in time and can now be seen on YouTube.

It vividly captures not only the structure of the old Market Hall but also the life and spirit of shoppers and stallholders.

Many stalls had been run by local people for generations. Minnie Fowler was 73 and still worked at the old Market Hall in 1970 - she started there when she was only 12.

Minnie remembered how two market managers used a slipper and belt on young pilferers in the boiler house.

Winpenny the tailors had started trading in the Market Hall in the 1880s. Four generations later it was still there in 1970.

Probably the most memorable scenes from the film was of Huddersfield folk bustling around the barrel of Doctor Dan's herbal elixir. They paid 4d a glass for its health-giving properties. This famed drink was first sold at the old Market Hall in 1900.

Other market shoppers will have their own memories of the old Market Hall. Many will remember the balconies and their railings which provided people with a bird's eye view of shoppers in the lower market below. Many a boy would watch out for their favourite girl from there.

Some shoppers remember the ice cream parlours (like A'Gostino's) where children were sometimes left under a watchful eye while their mothers did their shopping.

The octagonal clusters of stalls will also be remembered by many. Mrs Sheila Brown of Mount recalls lunchtime trips from her job at Kayes on King Street to the market for hot pies and mushy peas - many others followed her example.

The old Market Hall had a way of doing things and had traditions that made it special. This was especially the case in Shambles. Shambles Lane was best known for its greengrocer shops. Mr and Mrs Huddersfield grabbed bargains at the end of the day when perishables were sold off.

But it was at Christmas that Shambles Lane came into its own. People flocked to buy Christmas trees from canopies. Holly and mistletoe were displayed in the brightly lit open fronted greengrocer's shops.

Wilson's, Cowling's, Linden Smith's and Howarth's, all greengrocers and florists, trading from open fronted shops, will still be remembered affectionately by the older shoppers of Huddersfield.

At the other end of Shambles Lane were butchers' shops full of turkeys, pies and joints of meat. There was no place like Shambles for Christmas cheer.

The old Market Hall closed on Easter Saturday, March 28 1970, despite many objections. The new market opened at Queensgate on the Piazza on Monday April 6.

After only 90 years of trading, the old Market Hall was then torn down. Tragically, two demolition workers were killed when the clock tower unexpectedly collapsed.

Later, it was reported that an army of rats were seen on King Street, abandoning the demolished site as they made their way to the canal at Aspley Marina!

Today there is little evidence of the old Market Hall. Boots the Chemist is on much of its site. Streets like King Street and Victoria Lane still remain but The Shambles is a covered walkway between Boots and WH Smith's and bears no resemblance to its past.

Victoria Street is gone. It is to Victoria Lane that the only tangible part of the old Market Hall remains. The metal gate and plaque from the Victoria Lane entrance to the old Market Hall was salvaged before its demolition. They now reside at Shaw's Pickles factory on Wakefield Road.

Leeds and Halifax still proudly possess their old market halls that give so much character to their towns. This is not the case for Huddersfield where the old Market Hall barely survives in living memory.

Most Huddersfield people are proud of the present outdoor and indoor markets. However, current plans to redevelop these markets as part of the town's regeneration scheme is a concern for some traders and shoppers.

They fear that history has a way of repeating itself. Could these markets be under threat just as the old Market Hall had been? Only time will tell...

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Vincent Dorrington looks back on the demolition of the old Huddersfield Market Hall which some people have never forgiven - Huddersfield Hub

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Local historian Vincent Dorrington explores Huddersfield's markets history and recalls the demolition of the old market hall in 1970

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History | About Us | Spitalfields Market E1

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Discover the history of Spitalfields and its famous market. Visit today to enjoy a place full of spirit and become one of the community.

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One of London's oldest markets (originally founded over 350 years ago), Spitalfields Market is a cut above your usual shopping and dining experience - omit Oxford Street and circumvent Covent Garden in favour of this colourful, covered market, full of fine food and drink options, unique craft stalls and open seven days a week come rain or shine. Here is our guide to the best things to do in and around Old Spitalfields Market.

East London is teeming with history (don't be surprised if you bump into a Jack the Ripper tour) and this is reflected by the market building and surrounding area.

The original market ('Spittle Fields') on this site dates back to 1638 selling 'flesh and fowl' (erm, sounds lovely!). Towards the end of the 1880s, it became a wholesale fruit and veg market which then moved to a new area in the 1990s, allowing Old Spitalfields to become more of a retail and craft market, with hundreds of stalls and kiosks now in place.

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There are over 40 food and drink stalls and restaurants located in Old Spitalfields Market so if you can't find something to eat, you must be a particularly picky eater! There is something for all budgets here from street-food stalls through to the more sit down restaurant affair.

Pretty much every world cuisine is catered for here from the traditional fish and chips served by Poppies (a London institution) through an European epicurean adventure to the fiery flavours of South East Asia. A recent addition is also a row of street-food vans both inside and just outside the market - your selection of snacking opportunities just got bigger!

Dishes from Dumpling Shack

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Wheelcake Island

Some of favourites here include Pilpel (we think this is the best falafel in London), Dumpling Shack (oodles of noodles and dumplings), Wheelcake Island (Taiwanese pancakes), Wright Brothers (juicy oysters - 'nuff said!) and Yum Bun (sweet as steamed buns).

A word to the wise - if you plan on using cash, make sure you get your money out before you arrive here as access to ATMS whilst in the market is limited and the cash queues can be ridiculous - the same can also be true whilst 'spending a penny' so prepare for a long toilet queue (free to use but very limited in number) or go in one of the nearby pubs.

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Get 'crafty' at Old Spitalfields Market as the range of retailers and kiosks here is immense - from cut-price books to LEGO earrings, you'll certainly find a way to part with your Pounds (£) here. Every time we visit, we see something new and the rota of retail stalls changes often.

There are also different 'specialist' markets on various days of the week including an antiques market on selected Thursdays, Urban Makers market on Wednesdays (crafts) and a vinyl record market on Fridays (occurrences vary each week) so check the website for details.

Bagel Bake

Food stall on Brick Lane

Street art on Brick Lane

Columbia Road Flower Market

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Throughout the summer months, the market often hosts a monthly beer festival, with many micro and craft brewers offering tasters before you buy (and often much cheaper and stronger ABV than most of the nearby pubs).

Just across the road from the east market entrance, step back in time and partake in a pint at the historic Ten Bells pub, dating back to the 18th century (and often featured as part of the aforementioned Jack the Ripper tours, as several of the victims supposedly drank here).

The Pride of Spitalfields (once the Romford Arms) is another old boozer worth a mention, around 200 years in the making and with a good selection of local lagers and beers on tap.

YOU MIGHT LIKE - best Saturday markets in London (with map) >

If you want to continue exploring this area, take a five minute walk to London's famous Brick Lane, an eclectic East London neighbourhood that is known for sublime street-art and its bagels (two bagels stores here are renowned: Bagel Bake and Brick Lane Bagel Shop - both open 24 hours but expect huge queues during the day).

If your visit to Old Spitalfields Market happens to be on a Sunday, we'd also recommend making the most of your London market experience and combining it with Columbia Road Flower Market, a 15 to 20 minute walk away - read our full blog about Columbia Road >

Other London blog posts

Did you enjoy our things to do in Old Spitalfields Market guide blog post? Let us know in the comments or by sharing it on social media. Follow us on Instagramand YouTube!

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Old Spitalfields Market in east London - travel guide - CK Travels

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Nestled at the heart of London's characterful East End, the streets of Spitalfields feature in the stories of many of the city's famous and infamous residents, from Charles Dickens to Jack the Ripper.
The historic neighbourhood of takes it name from St Mary Spittel, a priory and hospital, which sat close to the site from 1197 (before being demolished after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539).

There has been a regular market in Spitalfields since 1682, when King Charles II granted a Royal Charter for a market to be held there every Thursday and Saturday.

For 200 years the market's mix of sheds and stalls fed London's growing appetite for fresh fruit and vegetables, expanding to trade six days a week. Its success led to an influx of residents, such as the Huguenots who settled in the area after fleeing France in the late 1600s, bringing their silk weaving skills to Spitalfields. Many of their grand houses still stand in the conservation area of Fournier Street, now home to local artists such as Gilbert and George.

Work on a new market building began in 1876 and was extended in the late 1920s, after it was acquired by the City of London. After 60 more years of continued success the fruit and vegetable market moved to its new location Leyton in 1991, where it could continue to expand.

Now you'll find Old Spitalfields Market open seven days a week featuring a vibrant selection of traders, craftsmen, artists and artisans. While the centre of the Market is home to 'The Kitchens', serving up covetable street food treats, the smart surrounding restaurant and retail spaces showcase some of the UK and Europe's most exciting brands.

But if you're keen to ground yourself in the Market's past, all you need to do is look up and enjoy the Market's interior historic roof and exterior brickwork and iconic dated plaques.
Plan your visit Uncover hidden stories of E1 with these walking trails Discover Five incredible local landmarks Things to do: Dennis Severs House

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History of Old Spitalfields Market East London

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East London's iconic market, over 300 years in the making.

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▇《棚戶調查報告書》中的路邊孩子們

1954年2月16日至21日期間，陳紹馨教授號召由3位建築師、1位工業專家、1位社會學家組成團隊，帶領著包含台大學生與中學教師的28位調查人員，針對在中華路鐵道旁1949年興建的棚戶區進行的田野訪問與調查表作業，將調查結果於同年印製出版成《台北市中華路棚戶調查報告書》。

書中以照片與文字，將鐵道兩側的棚屋與週邊環境，依附棚屋的人們的營生狀況與日常生活留存至今日。從單薄又低矮的竹棚屋與棚屋間的臨時水溝，可以看出環境的簡陋；人們多蹲在路邊洗衣，被單衣物也隨意的披曬在竹竿上，仰賴簡單的一床棉被入眠。這裡有飲食店、裁縫店、雜貨古物店、手工業、電器行，也有插滿掃把的人力車，當然也有修理人力車輛的「黑手」店。這本書收集十多張第一手珍貴黑白老照片，也詳載了當年此棚屋街景所形成的時空脈絡，描繪了當時住戶的組成與謀求生計的職業情形。

此圖是1954年出版的《台北市中華路棚戶調查報告書》中刊載的棚屋生活景象。立著天線的簡陋竹棚屋頂高高低低，門口與道路由一條綿延的小水溝區隔開來；家具與生活用品多為竹編，如竹簍、竹篩、藤椅、籬笆等；人們仍依靠步行、腳踏車與三輪車等人力交通工具。人們大多穿著素色的棉質衣服，但也可看到比較西化的吊帶褲出現。

▇1960年代以前尚未興建中華商場時的中華路

為了安置隨著國民政府來台的外省移民，1948年成立了臨時攤販管理委員會，由警民協會管理散亂的攤販與居民。統一設立的棚屋沿著鐵路綿延約650公尺長，以單薄的竹建材蓋成，牆面沒有粉刷且家具簡陋，也沒有良好的排水供水設施，衛生條件與居住環境都不甚完備。但為了謀生，人們白天在這裡營業，晚上棉被一鋪就睡，依附著著棚屋的民眾日漸增多，原有的棚屋不敷使用，違規擴建增設情況猖獗，棚屋已長達1.2公里至接近小南門一帶。增建的棚屋規格不一，導致中華路又漸漸成為「毒瘤」，是官員眼中必須割除的「台北市的盲腸」，而於1961年於原地興建了中華商場，提供了近1700個攤位供原有的棚屋攤商與新攤商進駐。

此圖同樣出自《台北市中華路棚戶調查報告書》，為中華商場建設以前的街景，圖片右方為臨鐵路的西側，而中華路與鐵路之間夾著整排的竹棚屋商家，眾多與庶民生活直接相關的各行各業聚集在這裡。

▇行車難

1949年國共內戰時，大批難民隨中華民國政府大規模撤退來到台灣，許多來自中國大陸各地的居民因為一時無法在台北市內找到適當的棲身之處；中央政府為求有效安置，便委託台北市警民協會，沿著行經中華路的鐵路東側，利用原有三線路中緊鄰鐵路側車道的空間，搭建三列臨時性質的簡易竹造棚屋，低價出租供居民暫住並擺攤維持生計。之後隨著湧入該處寄居的人越來越多，在毫無限制的持續擴建下形成大型違章建築群，不但生活環境惡劣，也衍生出不少衛生與治安問題，被批評為「都市之瘤」。

1960年，中央政府為了整頓市容，決定於該處原地改建新式商場，同年7月1日起開始進行違建的拆除與商場的興建工作。當時迫於經費不足的限制，因此以居民一次負擔的方式籌措改建經費。負責規劃興建施工的是陸根記營造，工程進展相當快速；經過八個多月的施工，1961年4月22日，單一建築體呈長條狀、以連棟方式形成一長串排列的八座三層樓水泥建築正式落成，命名為「中華商場」，由台灣警備總司令部司令黃杰命名並題字。

▇1960年代，中華商場中段之西門圓環與新世界

此照片拍下了1960年代的西門圓環旁的街景。左方遠景有「新世界戲院」的圓錐形建築，外牆有大型手繪電影海報，門口放有寫著「愛的俘虜」的廣告牌；右方的街區，最醒目的便是有名的上海式喜幛香燭禮品店「王大吉禮品部」，門柱還裝飾成有龍紋囍字的大香燭，而二樓是新潮感的「世界大照相館」；旁邊有「合發餅行」、「大昌服裝專家」、「金和鐘錶部」等商店。而街道上的人們多騎著腳踏車，或者讓人力車伕拉著在街上悠晃。

其中，於1950年代時在西門町的「王大吉禮品店」工作而相識的大業禮品公司主人翁邱秀蓮女士與張寶根先生，見證了1966年王大吉遭逢祝融，從火災後拍攝的照片（參見 大業禮品有限公司官網 之介紹），可見當時王大吉的店面已不同於此照片的模樣，沒有了大香燭，門面招牌也改成「電烤雞／電烤鴨／雞鴨血湯／雞胗干麵」。

▇1961年4月22日，中華商場落成啟用

此圖為中華商場舉行落成典禮的景況，由警備總司令黃杰在商場剪綵，省府主席周至柔為商場紀念碑揭幕。中華商場自1961年4月22日啟用，曾是台灣最大、最時尚的商場百貨地標，儘管在1992年拆除，消失26年，至今仍是許多人記憶中的「台北一景」。

中華商場，原位在台北市中華路一段，北起忠孝西路，南至愛國西路，建築體呈長條狀，以連棟方式排列成8座三層樓水泥建築。由當時的台灣省主席黃杰命名為「中華商場」並題字，由北而南依序以「八德」為名分段而非以棟命名，分別為忠段、孝段、仁段、愛段、信段、義段、和段、平段，總長1,171公尺，成為當時台北市的新地標及規模最大的公有綜合商場。

中華商場容納一千六百多個承租店家，一樓為商店，二、三樓為住家（後來二樓也幾乎成了商店）。商家所販售的品項包羅萬象，舉凡家用電器、音響與電子零組件；玉器、琺瑯及台灣民俗藝品；郵票、古幣蒐集與交換專門店及相命、堪輿舖子；中國各地的美食小吃、成衣、老人茶館、旗幟徽章等......囊括食衣住行育樂，市民日常所需一應俱全。

▇台北市中華商場竣工記勒石

〈台北市新建中華商場竣工記〉
中華民國五十年四月一日，新建中華商場竣工地，沿鐵路之東側，北起北門口、南止小南門，分為八區，為居高三層、為室總一千六百四十四間、為住商總一千六百九十戶，工程所費計新台幣四千七百三十三萬五千八百四十五元，歷工作天一百八十日。經始自四十九年八月十六日，於是通衢夾道、鱗比修潔、暢貨裕求、咸樂其居、熙攘往來、不見紛雜矣。先是大陸赤禍，作來台者眾，台北市政府委由警民協會，於北門至小南門間，路名中華，適當鐵路所穿，就兩側之餘地，成臨時房屋以庇流人，以安生計十載，而還養息滋庶，旁出增構，有損觀瞻。樞府撫群勤治，乃令行政院飭台灣省政府、台灣警備總司令部協同有關機構，督求改建。總司令黃杰上將，承布德意、廣納輿情，議凡臨時房屋，位於鐵路以西者，悉拆除路，以東者亟加改建兩側原住戶，分攤建築費，商場成皆遷入。至公至平，毋使觖望。四十九年三月案奉台灣省政府周主席至柔，依議決定，轉奉行政院陳兼院長誠，核准施行，令派台灣省政府委員會台灣警備副總司令李立柏中將董其事。四月設決策總樞整建指導會報，李中將為委員兼召集人，下設整建委員會，台北市市長黃啟瑞兼主任委員，內設行政、工程、督導、監察、財務各一組，籌維者，處劃周密、激勵廉能；職司者，專心圖成，咸能履及。時無曠廢、財無虛糜，可謂利民奉公，一舉而二善備矣。工程得興業，建築師趙楓、顧授書兩工程師，精心設計，美煥堅適。承建由陸根記營造廠，廠主陸根泉商譽久隆、施工盡力，凡事見其成者、莫不樂與之慮、始莫不難。中華商場新建之始末，其詳有案牘，在茲著大略刊諸石，全體執事銜位名氏，並題如左，俾後來志，市政建設者有資考焉。
〈台北市中華商場整建指導會報〉
委員兼召集人台灣省政府委員台灣警備副總司令李立柏中將，委員台灣鐵路管理局前任局長莫衡、現任局長陳舜畊、台北市市長黃啟瑞、台北市議會議長張祥船傳、台灣警備總司令部參謀長包烈中將、政戰部主任王超凡中將、副參謀長董熙少將、台灣省警務處處長郭永、中國國民黨台北市委員會主任委員羅正亮、台北市政府主任秘書侯暢、台北市警察局局長潘敦義、台北市社會局局長李蘊權、台北市工務局局長林永倉、台灣警備總司令部保安處處長劉醒吾少將、警備處處長張式琦少校、後勤處處長張俊上校、保安處副處長李競俊上校。
〈台北市中華商場整建委員會〉
兼主任委員台北市市長黃啟瑞，兼副主任委員台灣警備總司令部保安處處長劉醒吾少將、台北市警察局局長潘敦義，台北市工務局局長林永倉兼總幹事、台灣警備總司令部保安處組長傅信才上校委員，居民代表龍華里里長尹毅、延華里里長李祥生、王性德、王振先、王喜釗、王新民、汪家杓、李啟光、宋稚慶、張福根、張體安、黃清墩、劉德書。
中華民國五十年四月一日台北市中華商場整建委員會勒石

▇位於中華商場的哥倫比亞唱片行

此張照片的拍攝時間為西元1961年4月22日，中華商場正式落成啟用，畫面為剛開幕的「哥倫比亞唱片行」店門口景象。

中華商場為八連棟三層高水泥建築，由台灣省政府主席周至柔命名題字，再由警備總司令黃杰為八棟樓命名，分別為忠、孝、仁、愛、信、義、和、平棟，哥倫比亞唱片行則位於信棟157號一樓。

中華商場內開設許多間唱片行，其中坐落在武昌街和成都路之間的信棟，聚集當時最有名的唱片行，哥倫比亞唱片行即是其中一間，可稱之為早年音樂迷必定前去朝拜的聖地。無論是西洋搖滾樂、爵士樂、西洋流行歌曲，或是中國老上海金曲、地方戲曲，想找什麼類型音樂，在中華商場都找得到。

▇萬雅齋藝品店店主盧寶鐘家人，於商場一樓環球唱片行上留影

中華商場中最長的信棟匯聚了許多的唱片行，除了一樓的「新新」、二樓的「佳佳」外，還有「哥倫比亞」、「米高梅」、「遠東」等都是當時人們娛樂追星的重要基地，「環球唱片行」也是其中一家。門口一張張印有美艷英俊歌星沙龍照的唱片就陳列在每位客人的眼簾，無論是西洋搖滾樂、爵士樂，還是美國告示牌的西洋流行歌曲的成癮者都可以在這裡大飽耳福。若西洋與流行音樂不合乎口味，著迷於中國上海時代流行金曲、戲曲與京戲的人也可以在中華商場尋到自己的心頭好，專賣銷售「女王」及「鳴鳳」出品京劇唱片的金門唱片行，便是隨國民政府遷台的人民回味陳年往事的依靠。當時若想要聽音樂，只要來到中華商場，可說是應有盡有，滿足各種年齡層的喜好及需求。

照片為萬雅齋藝品店店主的家人於中華商場一樓的環球唱片行前留影。

▇童年的盧寶鐘，與母親在中華商場仁棟前留影

照片為萬雅齋藝品店店主盧千萬的太太與女兒盧寶鐘，同樣剪著耳下三公分清秀髮型的盧家母女三人，穿著素雅的洋裝於中華商場仁樓外留影。身後有大大的「定做卡其大王」、「東方皮花料」、「南洋服裝號」等服飾店家。在成衣服飾業還不如現今普遍的時代，許多人會特意到布料店與服飾號挑選喜愛的花色材質，訂製最適合自己身形的服裝。訂製衣服雖然價格不算便宜，但是通常作工精細，材質也是親手觸摸挑選的，耐穿與舒適度比大量生產的成衣好上許多，現今也才會有古著市場。

1961年，盧家遷入中華商場設店，萬雅齋一口氣租下忠棟內六個店面，店面大多臨鐵路而乘著旅客人潮，讓盧家成功賺得第一桶金，讓盧千萬先生能在開封街買下房子，不同於街坊鄰居需要在路邊以煤球燒開水，也不必睡在窄小壅擠的店面內，家裡的傭人還會固定送飯到店裡。

▇1961年9月，颱風波密拉水淹中華路與忠孝西路口

波密拉（Pamela）颱風造成北台灣嚴重災情，大水蔓延了整個中華路忠孝西路口，已淹到北門的腳邊。而一旁的台北郵局（今北門郵局）外面罩著鷹架，玄關仍維持著五連圓拱柱廊，這或許是改建為大理石玄關前的最後身影。

是時，大水也湮滅了整條中華路，當時才剛開幕五個月的中華商場也未能逃過一劫，一樓也泡在水裡，災情慘重。

波密拉颱風是一個令氣象人員相當頭痛的颱風，從形成到轉為強颱僅有短短兩三天，移動速度也跟著加快，在登陸臺灣前稍有趨緩卻又突然直衝登陸後穿越雪山山脈，所有路徑都讓氣象人員無法捉摸。波密拉颱風帶來了約100毫米的雨量，並不算大量，但因石門水庫管理上的人為疏失，錯估洩洪時間導致淡水河上游的大漢溪暴漲，且因預報與實際狀況差距甚大，導致北部災情相當慘重。災後行政院成立了「臺北地區河川防洪計畫審核小組」，積極辦理臺北防洪相關措施。

▇中華商場的鋼筆廣告「以大眾化的價錢買最名貴的鋼筆」

▇1960年代，位於中華商場內的新美達照相材料行底片紙袋

此為新美達相片材料行的底片紙袋，上面寫有行號的地址「台北市中華商場忠段下東五七舍」、電話「31189」，以及營業項目之一的「放大沖晒」，由這些字樣可以得知過去中華商場店家的地址與當時電話的編寫方式。且紙袋的原圖為手繪繪製，可見當時代的廣告藝術風格。

依據張哲生的分析，中華商場雖然八棟都有個別以八德命名，但地址是以「段」描述，而非現今慣用的「棟」；而樓層是以上下層之相對方式描述；號碼則分為面對中華路的東側為單號，臨鐵路的西側為雙號，其中二、三樓因為西側沒有店面而只有單號。由此可知，新美達相片材料行位於忠棟，東側下層的位置，為單號的57號。

電話則是自1952年12月28日始從4碼改升為5碼，台北市區為2字頭，北區為4字頭。而1958年1月1日起因電話使用需求不斷擴張，台北市「4」、「5」字頭電話號碼前加「5」字改為六碼。由此可知新美達的電話申請設置可能約在1952年至1958年間，時間早於中華商場建設，其中原因耐人尋味。

▇1963年，艋舺與西門町空中黑白照片

這是中國農村復興聯合委員會於1963年所拍攝的艋舺、西門町的空照圖，可以清楚看見中華商場沿著中華路往南延伸的面貌。當時的中華商場完工僅2年，已有人群在一樓騎樓處移動，另外商場西側還附有停車場。依照拍攝的角度來看，這照片應是從附近的制高點──總統府中央塔樓為拍攝位置，朝西北邊拍攝而取得。

照片中還可看到左下角，有當年的中山堂，前方還是可以通行汽車的道路及停車場；中華商場最北棟建築的西側公園依舊存在；今日中興橋靠近河岸處雖尚未興建，卻可看到有疑似跑道存在的痕跡。是保留中華商場珍貴記憶以及各種台北重要建物回憶的珍貴照片。

▇1966年，台北市中華商場夜景

照片中拍下夜晚裡燈火通明的中華路以及頂著巨大「松下電器」霓虹燈招牌的第五棟信棟南段。中華商場的八棟建築個別以八德之「忠、孝、仁、愛、信、義、和、平」命名，信棟有推廣「不二價運動」而改變臺灣人過去喊價習慣，進而促使量販購物商場興起的「建新百貨公司國貨推廣中心商場」，也多聚集像是「點心世界」等各式中國地方佳餚小吃。

其中霓虹招牌上寫著象徵「國民的」「National」，為松下電器的子品牌之一，創立於1922年，為Panasonic公司使用最久的知名品牌。1962年，國際通信機械公司與Panasonic合資成立臺灣Panasonic，臺灣譯名則持續沿用「國際牌」稱之。

日本母公司於2003年起實施日本境外品牌統一政策，至2009年全面統一為Panasonic，「National」也就此消失匿跡了。

▇1968年6月2日，中華商場增建計劃透視圖

1968年6月2日的「中華商場增建計劃透視圖」。由居香港經商的翁祐等人發起的「連貫繁榮中華商場計劃」預計投入新台幣一億五千萬元，並請利群建築師事務所繪製設計圖，期望將中華商場改造成有著富麗堂皇的燈塔、噴水池、大廣場的現代化購物商場。當時計劃交付台北市政府相關單位審核，但計畫並未通過，中華商場也就維持著長年的生活痕跡直至拆除。

距離商場啟用僅7年時間的1968年，商場便不再如同新建成的光鮮亮麗的模樣，該年12月2日曾有台視記者廖蒼松，針對中華商場的環境觀瞻問題訪問中華商場管理委員會總幹事夏效禹，訪談中提及當時的商場在電燈、馬達、房屋結構都有損壞待維修的狀況，住戶也多有隨意晾掛衣物、飼養家禽家畜的情形，儼然像是普通住家聚落而非商場。

▇中華民國六十年國慶中華路人潮

照片中拍下了中華路上慶祝中華民國六十年國慶的人潮。天橋上可以看到數位帶著軍帽的人；道路上有輛被熱情民眾包夾的花車，車上矗立著象徵中華民國憲法的立牌，由幾位穿著端正西裝的司儀護衛著；而照片左側可看到數十支俗稱「救國團」的中國青年救國團旗幟。旗幟由象徵三民主義的「青天白日」，不怕苦、不怕難、不怕死之決心的「三根紅條」，以及象徵活力生氣與青春進步的「綠底」組成。

救國團於1952年成立時名為中國青年反共救國團，隸屬於國防部總政治部，由時任總統的蔣介石兼任團長，其子蔣經國則為首位主任，在「反共復國」的領導方針之下，從青少年開始確立政治思想，防止共黨思想滲透。1969年從國防部獨立，1989年向內政部申請登記為「教育性、服務性與公益性之社團法人」，主要以大專院校與高中職的學生為服務對象，

至2000年更改為現今的名稱後，救國團仍以較低的租金持續運用各地活動中心等空間，服務內容除了旅遊與營隊活動之外，也包含張老師中心、社區服務、弱勢關懷、生態環保教育、協助政府推動公共服務等項目。

▇1988年，中華商場裡的24小時

1988年6月3日出刊的〈攝影報導〉刊載了4月30日至5月1日裡中華商場24小時的樣貌，呈現出平時客人看不到的中華商場日常。這份刊物是中國文化大學新聞系製作的學生刊物，於1987年9月30日創刊，是全台灣第一份大專院校製作的攝影報。

1988年距離中華商場拆除的日子只差三年，「白天來往的人潮向電影街即百貨公司湧去，中華商場相形之下，宛如『棄婦』，雖然熙來人往的，卻都不屬於她的」，這段文字寫下了中華商場的晚年滄桑。年輕人都往號稱「電影街」的武昌街與周邊更新穎的百貨湧去，吸引學生駐足的只有製服店而已。過了打烊時間，中華商場便不是以「商場」身分存在，而是每個店鋪的一家子生活的地方，孩子在這邊嬉鬧玩耍，婦人在走廊洗衣，流浪漢躺臥在地下道樓梯口。或許對於中華商場更不能割捨的是在這裡生活與生存的店家，而非台北市民。

▇中華商場時代的樂舞

此照片拍下位於義棟的「樂舞戲劇舞蹈服裝社」的主人翁，旁邊有東方郵幣社、百事可樂、勝美奶罩行（當時慣用的稱呼在現今看起來有些直白）、真北平烤鴨等招牌與廣告。

日治時期的西門町便匯聚了電影、歌舞廳、紅包場、戲劇等娛樂，服裝出租店也就應運而生，而當中華商場落成之後，莊良與黃金桂夫婦便進駐開業，製作範疇包羅萬象，除了租借製作學校社團文藝活動用之舞蹈戲劇服裝，也有僑委會、外交部及科博館委託的古服飾之複製，也接受人偶甚至是動漫角色模型的訂製訂單。中華商場拆除之後，樂舞搬遷至內湖區康寧路3段99巷39弄92號，持續以相當的規模營運中。

▇大漢郵幣社老闆張明泉先生於店門口留影

現今在延平南路3號開業的大漢郵幣社，其實早在中華商場建成以前就已開業，中華商場開幕後老闆張明泉先生便以一個月2萬元承租了愛棟2樓33號的店面。

1980至1990年代是台灣集郵市場的高峰。1991年郵局發行五十萬冊的吉祥郵票，七天內便搶購一空。郵幣的市場除了收藏投資會創造藏品的價值以外，早在國民政府遷台時，軍人與眷屬帶來了各個省份的紙幣與錢幣，需要透過古玩店與郵幣社的收購才能換得現金，張明泉老闆便是在這樣一次次與客人往互交流與交易，甚至常往返香港取得不同的郵幣商品，讓他比同行販賣更多元的商品，最終得以建立起屬於他的郵幣市場，雖然今日郵幣市場已退燒，但大漢郵幣社仍然持續以郵幣、手工藝品、玉器、字畫、老酒買賣服務營運中，繼續見證歷史。

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天橋上的魔術師II》20張老台北照片，走一遍中華商場歷史與庶民生活記憶 | Openbook閱讀誌

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▇《棚戶調查報告書》中的路邊孩子們 （高傳棋提供） 1954年2月16日至21日期間，陳紹馨教授號召由3位建築師、1位工業專家、1位社會學家組成團隊，帶領著包含台大學生與中學教師的28位調查人員，針對在中華路鐵道旁1949年興建的棚戶區進行的田野訪問與調查表作業，將調查結果於同年印製出版成《台北市中華路棚戶調查報告書》。

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The People's Piazza: A History of Covent Garden - BBC Documentary

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The City of Bath is exceptional in having two UNESCO inscriptions. In 1987 it was inscribed for its Hot Springs, Roman archaeology, Georgian buildings and natural landscape setting. In 2021 a second inscription was received as one of the Great Spa Towns of Europe - fashionable spa towns laid out around natural springs which are used for health and wellbeing.

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點心世界 中華商場 鍋貼、蒸餃、酸辣湯

某天看到電視介紹鍋貼老店～點心世界的經營故事；讓人不禁再度勾起兒時被大人牽著手，到中華商場吃鍋貼、蒸餃、酸辣湯等北方小點的回憶。

點心世界是許多四五六年級生的共同回憶，店家坐落在當時的中華商場。

1961年，沿著中華路縱貫鐵路線，矗立起八棟連棟的建築物，隨著各類型店家的遷入，讓這裡成為50～70年代繁華一時的市中心。

那時，中華商場的完工，讓西門町與城中區相連，帶動著西門町進入空前繁榮的時代。

那時，想買音響、隨身聽，或是電器用品，最先想到的就是位在台北西區的中華商場；如果想要全家出門上館子，品嚐大江南北各省各地的佳餚，最先想到的也多半是中華商場。

如果要結婚，到中華商場找上海師傅做一套剪裁合身的西裝；如果考上大學，則是挑選帥氣的大學服、新皮鞋、時髦皮帶等等行頭的所在。

後來，伴隨著台灣80年代快速的經濟成長，中華商場30多年的繁榮一點一點的流逝，因應都市發展的現實性，於1992年10月20日正式拆除中華商場。

在最後的「義」、「和」、「平」三棟全部倒塌，讓這繁榮數十載的中華商場，走入歷史，成為廢墟。

如沒記錯，點心世界當年是位在現在中華路南站、寶慶路附近的商場大樓1樓。那時到點心世界，是BK還得讓大人手緊緊地牽著小手的『非常幼童』時期（趕快強調...哈！）。

記憶已久遠，小時吃到什麼味道已經沒有什麼印象，但對當年點心世界店內人聲鼎沸的盛況仍清楚記得。

一張張舊舊的木製桌椅擁擠地排列著、店家用著讓人聽不懂得鄉音，大嗓門地嘶吼著客人的點單、並且手上拿著白色大毛巾，在手上甩呀甩地，好像在表演特技般，讓小小BK看得嘴巴開開，驚嘆不已。

隨著中華商場的拆遷，BK對點心世界的記憶也跟著消失，也不會特別想去找來吃。畢竟，時代真的變很多，吃北方小點麵食，已經在大街小巷中隨時可吃到了。

但經電視報導後，尋找那股兒時記憶的興致就跟著湧起。

上網搜尋後，知道後來的點心世界幾經轉折～曾開過許多分店，但後來也都收掉；也曾入駐寶慶路遠東百貨地下美食街、信義誠品B1美食街。

後來，點心世界的傳人趙老闆遇到伯樂的豆花店張老闆（本來在路邊擺豆花攤，後來建立起美食街的豆花王國～小南門）一同合作。

現在，點心世界改名為小南門點心世界，進駐台北車站二樓微風美食街2樓。

時空穿越幾十年後的點心世界，已不復見小時記憶中的擁擠與古舊的印象，仿黑檀木的桌椅整齊地在店內排列著，散發著雅緻的東方氛圍。

坐在向著台北車站大廳的一側，透過整片落地窗，可見到來來往往的旅客穿梭高挑的大廳當中。

鍋貼、蒸餃、酸辣湯，是點心世界一直以來的三大招牌；此外，現在菜單也很豐盛，分點心類、炒菜類、麵類、炒飯類、湯類、以及各式小菜。

價位居於100～200元左右。

也有這種套餐組合，將店家的招牌菜組合成超值的168元套餐；也有簡單的合菜組合。

如果人少，吃這種套餐比較划算。我們點了二號套餐：鍋貼＋酸辣湯＋1盤小菜。

加點的小菜～腐皮豆芽菜

豆芽菜有將鬚鬚處理掉，所以口感很好，加上腐皮有稍微煎過，有股焦味兒，很好吃。

鍋貼＋酸辣湯

這裡的鍋貼蠻大一顆，餡料是豬後腿肉與韭黃，生皮加油水煎，讓外層有金黃焦焦的口感與香味。

不算是很清爽，但也不會過於油膩，適中！

這碗酸辣湯算是這天最期待的一品。點心世界的酸辣湯，最特別的是用豆花（也有人另稱：豆腐腦）取代一般的白豆腐。

豆花的口感相當滑順，咻～地伴著湯匙滑入口，好吃！

此外還有鴨血、粉絲、蛋花，很簡單的配料，但搭著用豬骨頭、甘蔗頭，玉蜀黍等熬煮的湯頭，味道不會太過濃郁，少了醬油味，酸味與胡椒香則很足。

屬於清爽型的酸辣湯。

喜歡吃甜點的人，飯後可來碗小南門著名的加料豆花

其實，點心世界的鍋貼或酸辣湯，已經不是以往獨佔鰲頭、非吃不可的大老口味了。市面上，已經有很多店家的鍋貼店、餃子店可以很輕易地取而代之。

來點心世界，純粹是吃一種回憶，吃一種不復返的童年時光。想尋找這般記憶嗎？可以到台北車站2樓微風廣場美食街找找看！

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【找小吃】小南門點心世界～尋找兒時記憶的老味道！

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bk bk的好願 探美食 找小吃  東京 東京親子自由行 親子旅遊

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【找小吃】小南門點心世界～尋找兒時記憶的老味道！ @ BK的好願 :: 痞客邦 ::

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點心世界 中華商場 鍋貼、蒸餃、酸辣湯某天看到電視介紹鍋貼老店～點心世界的經營故事；讓人不禁再度勾起兒時被大人牽著手，到中華商場吃鍋貼、蒸餃、酸辣湯等北方小點的回憶。點心世界是許多四五六年級生的共同回

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In the ever-evolving world of retail shopping, two mainstays stand out: supermarkets and department stores. At first glance, these retail giants might seem to offer a similar convenience with their wide range of products available under one roof. However, a deeper dive reveals significant differences in what each provides to consumers. This exploration aims to dissect the key differences between a supermarket and a department store, illuminating how they cater to different customer needs and shopping preferences. We will delve into aspects such as product variety, store layout, the impact of eCommerce, and the intricacies of delivery services, examining the unique characteristics that differentiate a supermarket from a department store. Join us as we navigate through the nuances of these two prominent retail formats, highlighting their specific roles and contributions to the contemporary shopping saga.

What is a Department Store?

A department store is a large retail establishment that offers a wide range of products and services under one roof. These products are typically organized into different departments or sections, each specializing in a specific type of merchandise. Common departments include clothing, home goods, electronics, cosmetics, jewelry, and sometimes even furniture or groceries.

Department stores are known for their size and variety of goods, offering customers the convenience of finding a broad range of products in one location. They often feature additional services like personal shopping assistance, cafes or restaurants, and sometimes entertainment options. The concept of a department store originated in the 19th century and has since become a staple in the retail industry, with many well-known chains operating worldwide.

Imagine a grand palace brimming with treasures from every corner of the globe. That's the essence of a department store. These multi-floored empires house a diverse range of merchandise, meticulously categorized into distinct departments. From apparel and accessories that adorn your body to furniture and appliances that furnish your home, everything finds its haven within these retail labyrinths.

Key Characteristics of a Department Store:

What is a Supermarket Store?

A supermarket is a large, self-service retail store that primarily sells food and grocery items. It may also carry a variety of other products, such as household goods, personal care items, and sometimes small appliances. Supermarkets are characterized by their large size, extensive inventory of food products, and focus on providing convenience and competitive pricing to consumers.

Picture a symphony of fresh produce, neatly stacked aisles of groceries, and the rhythmic hum of refrigerators. Supermarkets are the maestros of everyday essentials, offering a one-stop shop for all your culinary and household needs. Gone are the days of specialty stores; your local supermarket now houses everything from your morning cereal to cleaning supplies and pet food.

Key Characteristics of a Supermarket Store:

The Digital Revolution: eCommerce Enters the Arena

The rise of eCommerce has irrevocably transformed the retail landscape. Both supermarkets and department stores have embraced the digital wave, establishing online storefronts and mobile apps that allow customers to shop from the comfort of their homes. This has blurred the lines between the two, with both offering online grocery delivery, click-and-collect options, and personalized recommendations.

Impact of eCommerce:

Convenience: Online shopping offers unparalleled convenience, allowing customers to browse vast selections, compare prices, and place orders 24/7.

Personalization: eCommerce platforms leverage data and AI to personalize the shopping experience, recommending products based on past purchases and browsing behavior.

Omnichannel Integration: The lines between online and offline are blurring, with seamless integration between physical stores and online platforms. Click-and-collect options, in-store Wi-Fi, and loyalty programs that work across channels are becoming the norm.

Delivering Delight: The Art of Reaching Your Customer's Doorstep

In the age of instant gratification, delivery has become the ultimate test of a retailer's mettle. Both supermarkets and department stores are upping their ante, vying to deliver fresh groceries, furniture, and everything in between, right to your doorstep.

Delivery Strategies:

Beyond the Door: Building Customer Relationships

Delivery is just one piece of the puzzle. Building lasting customer relationships requires a holistic approach that extends beyond the physical act of delivering products. Here's how both supermarkets and department stores can foster customer loyalty:

Supermarkets:

Community outreach: Partnering with local schools or food banks, offering cooking classes or nutrition workshops, and supporting local farmers markets can cultivate goodwill and brand loyalty.

Personalized loyalty programs: Tailored rewards and recommendations based on individual shopping habits can create a more engaging experience.

Focus on fresh and healthy options: Highlighting organic produce, offering healthy recipe suggestions, and partnering with local farms can attract health-conscious shoppers.

Department Stores:

Curated experiences: Hosting fashion shows, trunk shows, or in-store beauty consultations can add a touch of exclusivity and personalization.

Gift registry and concierge services: Catering to special occasions like weddings or baby showers can create lasting memories and brand association.

Building a social media community: Sharing styling tips, customer testimonials, and behind-the-scenes glimpses can build engagement and brand affinity.

The Crystal Ball: Future Horizons for Retail Giants

As the retail landscape continues to evolve, both supermarkets and department stores must adapt and innovate to thrive. Here are some potential future trends:

Conclusion

Supermarkets and department stores each serve distinct roles in the retail sector. Supermarkets offer a convenient, value-driven experience with a comprehensive range of everyday items and groceries. On the other hand, department stores cater to a more exclusive shopping experience, showcasing a curated selection of higher-end products.

When distinguishing between a departmental store and a supermarket, keep in mind:

Opt for the supermarket when prioritizing practicality and affordability for daily necessities.

Choose the department store for an upscale shopping experience and a varied array of quality merchandise.

As both the department store and supermarket formats continue to evolve, they're enhancing the shopping journey in unique ways. The future of retail might see these two models merge, altering the current 'supermarket vs department store' landscape. This evolution signifies the changing ways in which we access a range of products, from essential to luxury.

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difference between departmental store and supermarket

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Difference Between Supermarkets and Department Stores

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supermarkets and department stores. Both offering a plethora of products under one roof, they can, at first glance, appear interchangeable. However, beneath the surface lies a universe of distinct experiences,

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Hypermarket Vs. Supermarket Vs. Departmental Store: Key Differences

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The terms hypermarket, supermarket, and department store are often used interchangeably, but there are some key differences between these…

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中華商場的拆除工程，1992年10月22日從最靠近北門的第一棟開始。

那天晚上的台視新聞，李四端這樣播報：「台北市政府從今天清晨開始，展開了歷年來最大一次拆除行動，目標就是有31年歷史的中華商場。從今天上午10點鐘開始，整個拆除行動進行得相當順利，也並沒有任何的抗爭行動，預計拆除的第一棟忠棟的樓房，在今天晚上，就將夷為平地。」

但不同於新聞平和的氣氛，77歲的陳花門一家亂成一團。那天一早，他把藏在床底的現金、存簿裝到一個布袋，就離開中華商場。

安居夢想　30年轉成空

「我們以為他想不開，很可怕，大家一直找，找不到......原來他跑去第9水門那邊看淡水河，坐在那裡難過。」陳花門的長媳鮑麗華回想那天夜深，公公慢慢走回來的恍神、無語跟惆悵，還是哀傷，「他從大陸過來辛苦養小孩，拚到有孫子，本來一家在一起，拆中華商場後，住不下，只好分開，能怎麼辦？沒過幾個月，他就慢慢癡呆⋯...，叫他寫毛筆字，他也不寫，躺著不起來，6年後走了。」

1980年浙平全家福，陳花門（前排中）、陳岳鋒（後排左1）、鮑麗華（後排左2），浙平是陳花門的家鄉浙江平陽的簡寫。（浙平音響提供）

對當天反常的行徑跟中華商場的拆除，陳花門沒說更多。但他失神走到的地方，正是1939年，他從浙江平陽來到日治時代台灣最初落腳的地方。當年，他從木匠、收音機的外殼做起，一路做到大型音箱，1953年，他在中華路鐵道邊的窩棚創立「浙平音響」。1961年，中華商場改建，他好不容易湊了3萬多元建築費給政府後，帶著全家搬入新建的中華商場第2棟2樓，以為從此安居，沒想到30年後又成空。

「以前是從早上9點做到晚上12點。」陳花門長子、今年73歲的陳岳鋒回憶往日榮景時，太太鮑麗華一旁嘆氣：「彼時陣煮3頓予他們一家人煮到齁......。」陳岳鋒本來學裁縫，因父親音響生意太好，退伍回家幫忙，「老百姓有賺錢，大家就敢買，點將家伴唱機一台7萬元，來中華商場的都是勞工階級。」他記得，早年重慶北路到晚上都是小吃街，賺了錢，「暗時就可以多叫一盤沙魚煙、一瓶米酒頭掛什麼維大力，就快樂，大家喝一喝，明天再去做事。」

重起爐灶　想帶回老長桌

說著一口好台語的陳岳鋒，跟父親都是「講台灣話的外省人」。「看你出生在什麼地方，出生在眷村，國語很標準，我出生在延平區，他們都台灣郎，台語說很好。」陳岳鋒笑說，早年台灣人跟外省人沒劃分那麼清楚，「228事件，厝邊到頭一直叫阮老北：『阿門師，恁毋通底底出去啦！恁講話袂標準，莫出去。』」

中華商場拆除以後，陳花門退休，陳岳峰一度去跑車，3個月後在西寧市場，東山再起，一直到現在。中晝時間，這棟幾度傳言要拆的西寧行政大樓，1樓商場彷在休市，外人不多，時不時路過、敘舊的都是中華商場的老鄰居，講起近30年前的拆遷，每個人還是傷感。

1989年拍攝的中華商場孝棟，可見浙平木箱（箭頭處）的招牌。（浙平音響提供）

「南京西路圓環說那麼久，都拆不掉，何況北門到南門的中華商場？結果真的拆！」鮑麗華說，他們曾組自救會，2位里長帶頭，抗議陳情，最後公告拆除日期，才知大勢已去。對於在中華商場賺到錢、就轉移置產的商家來說，拆除影響的只有店面與生意。但以中華商場為家的人來說，拆除像是人生重擊，一切要從頭開始。當時政府提供住戶3種方案，包括50萬元補償、國宅抽籤名額及台北地下街的攤位，鮑麗華以50萬元跟婆婆買下使用權後，決定申購國宅，這才買了他們第1間擁有產權的房子。

如果能回到中華商場，他們想帶走陪陳花門半世紀的工作桌，「很長......很長，因為釘釘子的關係，有幾百萬個洞。」當年拆除兵荒馬亂，他們沒能從長計議，舊店面、倉庫的東西，都被怪手破壞、掩埋，如今想留做紀念，已來不及。

商場冷清，陳岳鋒還是每天到店裡。這天，我們才請他到外頭拍照一會兒，就有2組年輕客人上門。修理喇叭，是漸漸被淘汰的手工藝業，浙平的招牌，陳岳鋒不會傳給兒女。但只要他在店的日子，他依然會豎起耳朵，耐心聆聽，敲打轉磨，直到那些老歌都發聲在對的位置才行。
★《鏡週刊》關心您，再給自己一次機會 安心專線：1925（24小時） 生命線：1995 張老師專線：1980 【再見中華商場4】作伙來做制服　海派服飾黃少鴻
【再見中華商場5】見證風雲起落　首代住戶王安平
查看原始文章

中華商場拆除後，浙平音響搬到西寧商場，2坪大的店面，老舊歸老舊，修復音箱所需的耐心技術仍吸引新舊客人。陳岳鋒（左）不退休，鮑麗華（右）每天陪他來這做工與老鄰居喝茶抬槓。

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【再見中華商場3】難忘商場拆除　浙平音響陳岳鋒 | 鏡週刊 | LINE TODAY

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中華商場的拆除工程，1992年10月22日從最靠近北門的第一棟開始。 那天晚上的台視新聞，李四端這樣播報：「台北市政府從今天清晨開始，展開了歷年來最大一次拆除行動，目標就是有31年歷史的中華商場。從今天上午10點鐘開始，整個拆除行動進行得相當順利，也並沒有任何的抗爭行動，預計拆除的第一棟忠棟的樓房，在今天晚上，就將夷為平地。」 ...

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中華商場 - 1992年10月，即將進行拆除的中華商場與正處於交通黑暗期的台北市中華路。（王能佑 攝）  中華商場是從1992年10月20日開始進行拆除工程，這張照片裡的中華商場懸掛著許多抗議拆除的白底黑字布條，畫面左側的天橋上有節慶佈置並且插著國旗，再加上畫面右側有第二屆立法委員選舉（1992年12月19日投票）之南區候選人「曾王君」的競選廣告，綜上所述，推論這張照片的拍攝時間應為1992年10月。  1990年11月，台北捷運南港線（西門－南港）動工興建，中華路自此開始陷入交通黑暗期，歷經9年的時間，1999年12月24日，台北捷運藍線「市政府－龍山寺」正式通車。 | Facebook

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1992年10月，即將進行拆除的中華商場與正處於交通黑暗期的台北市中華路。（王能佑 攝）

中華商場是從1992年10月20日開始進行拆除工程，這張照片裡的中華商場懸掛著許多抗議拆除的白底黑字布條，畫面左側的天橋上有節慶佈置並且插著國旗，再加上畫面右側有第二屆立法委員選舉（1992年12月19日投票）之南區候選人「曾王君」的競選廣告，綜上所述，推論這張照片的拍攝時間應為1992年10月。...

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1992 中華商場拆除後 中華路地下街遠景 | 1992年10月30日，臺北市中華路上的八大棟中華商場在歷時11天的拆除工程之後，被完全夷為平地。從這段新聞影片我們可以看到，當時政府對於中華商場遺址下方所規劃的「中華路地下街」有著極為美好的遠景，可惜事與願違，後來中華路地下街並未如期營運，而往昔中華商場的榮景當然也就無法在地下重現了！... | By 張哲生Facebook

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1992年10月30日，臺北市中華路上的八大棟中華商場在歷時11天的拆除工程之後，被完全夷為平地。從這段新聞影片我們可以看到，當時政府對於中華商場遺址下方所規劃的「中華路地下街」有著極為美好的遠景，可惜事與願違，後來中華路地下街並未如期營運，而往昔中華商場的榮景當然也就無法在地下重現了！...

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影／再看最後一眼！魔幻重建「中華商場」4月拆除　連廁所味道都神還原 | ETtoday房產雲 | ETtoday新聞雲

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公視電視劇《天橋上的魔術師》重建已拆除消失的「中華商場」，耗資8千萬打造1比1的拍攝片場，讓許多老台北人看了驚訝不已！實際造訪片場發現不只店家神還原，連斑駁的牆、門牌、垃圾桶裡的垃圾、樓梯上的煙蒂、手…

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The Sack of Bath: A Record and an Indictment is a book written by Adam Fergusson in 1973 about the destructive urban redevelopment of the city of Bath in the 1970s. The original newspaper pieces that the book comprises inspired a resurgence in architectural conservation in the United Kingdom and gave additional strength to the Bath Preservation Trust.

Matching its original format as a newspaper opinion column, The Sack of Bath is written in a fiery, invective style against what Fergusson perceived as the injustices committed by the Bath Development Committee in the 1960s and 1970s. An example of this style is Fergusson's claim that the redevelopment efforts caused more damage to the city's architecture than the Bath Blitz of 1942. In a 2013 presentation, Fergusson explained how the book's title was also selected for its emotive force, rather than more "workaday" titles like "Bath at Risk" or "Bath in Danger".

Fergusson begins by discussing the Georgian era construction of Bath, with its distinctive architecture and use of Bath stone. Fergusson points out that up through the Victorian era the architecture of Bath was almost entirely preserved, and only in the twentieth century (after the creation of Listed buildings in the UK) did Bath begin to redevelop. Fergusson blames the Bath Corporation and the Development Committee of Bath Council for ignoring the vernacular architecture that made Bath unique; they instead focused on preserving landmarks and high-graded buildings. Fergusson argues that even unremarkable historic houses ought to be preserved because they create the context or "frame" for more notable listed buildings. As he puts it,

"The set pieces- Royal Crescent, the Circus, Milsom Street, the Pump Room, and so on-stand glorious and glistening (some have been restored and cleaned) for tourists to come and see in their thousands every year. But now, more and more because the devastation goes on, they have become like mountains without foothills, like Old Masters without frames."

In contrast, Fergusson critiques attempts at making modern, "packing case" buildings fit in with Georgian architecture by facing them with yellow Bath stone. Fergusson thinks that not even the city planners thought much of the redevelopment work. He points to a famous quote from Bath's development committee chairman who when asked which of the modern developments the city was proud of answered "None".

Fergusson often references the Bath: A Planning and Transport Study published by Colin Buchanan in 1965. He agrees with Buchanan's suggestions for preserving Bath, but bemoans that the Bath Development Committee seems to publicly agree with the conclusions of Buchanan's report while taking actions to undermine it. He points out that the map provided to Buchanan to conduct the study seemed to omit Grade II and Grade III protected buildings, which lead to them being excluded from Buchanan's recommendations. Fergusson agrees that Bath needed rehabilitation but thought that the city seemed to ignored the potential benefits of historical architecture. He thought that many of the destroyed buildings could easily have been rehabilitated for a price similar to the new constructions: "Thus property which could and should have been modernised has been declared unfit and allowed to fall to pieces. Outwardly tumbledown buildings which needed only some attention to roofing, new plumbing and a coat of paint have been cleared away as soon as they could be acquired".

Fergusson ends the book with a call to action to halt the "Sack of Bath" from progressing. But he laments the limitations of local conservation movements that necessarily have to oppose salaried, well-resourced opponents.

Curator Amy Frost from the Museum of Bath Architecture views Peter Smithson's 1969 book Bath: Walks Within the Walls as an early precursor to The Sack of Bath. The Sack of Bath has been compared by conservationists to other British books of polemic against development that were also published in the 1970s, like The Rape of Britain and The Erosion of Oxford. These texts were united in their argument that, as academics John Pendlebury and Ian Strange put it, "Conservation of the historic city ... should not just be about the major set pieces, but about understanding places as a total historic system".

St Ann's Place in 2018, which Lord Snowdon and Adam Fergusson photographed in March 1972 for the book,[10] and was subsequently restored

The Sack of Bath was first published as a series of newspaper articles in from 23-29 September in 1970. In a 2013 speech, Fergusson said that he was commissioned by The Times to go down to Bath to "see what the fuss was about".

The Times articles were published together as a book in 1973. It was reissued in a revised edition, edited by Tim Mowl in 1989 and released as a reprint in 2011 by Persephone Books. The later issues included photographs from Lord Snowdon, E. L. Green-Armytage, and introductory verses by John Betjeman.

The profile of the initial newspaper articles in The Times that composed The Sack of Bath gave the pieces national attention in the United Kingdom and international attention in the United States. The pieces were noted for their fiery rhetorical tone and their impassioned defense of the Georgian architecture of Bath. Historians have argued that the published pieces (and a separate "Save Bath" piece in the Architectural Review) gave strength to local conservation movements and additional pressure for their campaigns, due to the additional media attention. Writers have also credited The Sack of Bath with contributing to the Bath's recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.

It's debated how accurate Fergusson's dire tone was in 1970. Christopher Book, for example, argued that the earlier development programs of the 1950s and 1960s had already cleared large swathes of Georgian houses by the time Fergusson published in The Times. Others felt like the response to The Sack of Bath was so immediate and strong that the worst of the damage was prevented. As Fergusson describes in the 2011 preface, "The serious, serial depredations which Bath was suffering stopped almost overnight". Geographer Larry Ford points out that the Georgian version of Bath that Fergusson wrote in defense of was, in fact, itself the result of a massive development that destroyed and redeveloped the medieval town of Bath. Other cities, like Chester and Norwich, had similar redevelopment crises.

More recent development campaigns in Bath, like the Churchill House in 2007, have often been compared to the original "Sack of Bath" that Fergusson's book documents, either to indicate that modern developments do have a place in the city or to tout the benefits of grassroots conservation efforts and Nimbyism.

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The Sack of Bath: A Record and an Indictment is a book written by Adam Fergusson in 1973 about the destructive urban redevelopment of the city of Bath in the 1970s. The original newspaper pieces that the book comprises inspired a resurgence in architectural conservation in the United Kingdom and gave additional strength to the Bath Preservation Trust.

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【再見中華商場4】作伙來做制服　海派服飾黃少鴻 - 鏡週刊 Mirror Media

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「妳是儀隊的齁？3分隊？幫我跟妳們隊長問好。」「妳們學校教官會抓，裙子確定要短嗎？」放學時間，在中華路巷口邊的海派服飾訪問老闆黃少鴻，他像是算命師，捲尺咻咻咻，轉眼已報完全身機關密碼。

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[把中華商場蓋回來] 重建魔術師是你 – 公視徵照片 第1發!

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A stop-motion animator, Dan MacKenzie had released this amazing short, in 2012. This short is his senior project at Savannah College of Art and Design. On Dan's Vimeo account, he mentions it is about "A young mad scientist sets out to create a pet monster within parallel worlds of an imaginary laboratory and the reality of the boy's bedroom". It is like you are creating a Frankenstein. Kids are good at making believe and playing within their imaginary worlds, and they really enjoy it. You remember you used to talk with your favorite stuffed toy, you used think how to fly in the sky with your umbrellas, and you and your brother/sister used to built a tent with your bed sheets and brought your favorite snacks, books, and toys in there. All kids can be very creative, and I think that is awesome! However, the fun creativity and purity fade away when you become to an adult. This short film, Create, will take you back your beautiful childhood memories.

Dan is a Los Angeles based stop-motion animator and is known for his stop-motion animation on LAIKA's ParaNorman(2012), The Boxtrolls(2014), Charlie Kaufman's Anomalisa(2015), and many TV shows. Please check his animations from his official website http://cargocollective.com/Mackmation. Enjoy his short, Create, from below link.

CREATE by Dan MacKenzie

https://vimeo.com/mackmation/create

CREATE - A stop motion short by Dan MacKenzie from Dan MacKenzie on Vimeo.

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Dan's Create will take you back your beautiful childhood memories.

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Think about when you were young. You could play with in the your imaginary worlds with your friends and your favorite toys. Create will bing you back memories.

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【INHERITAGE】傳遞優質生活美學 - 領略頂級生活的極致品味

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THE INCONVENIENT TRUTH ABOUT TAIWAN'S DEPARTMENTAL & CONVENIENT STORES?

人滿為患或店滿為患? 供給過剩的台灣百貨業及便利商店即將面臨反轉?

電商衝擊下，為何台灣百貨商場及便利商店仍不斷增加?
Text_ 陳柏愷 / Kai Chen　Photo_iStockphoto

今年 1 月中，日商三井不動產集團在台灣的首家大型區域型購物中心「Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport 」 在台中開始試營運。這個南、北 2 館商場面積超過 2 萬坪的大型商場，是三井集團七年前在林口成立第一個Outlet 後，在台灣開出的第四間大型商場， 也是該公司所有在台商場中面積最大的。
過去七年之間，三井從北到南遍地開花，未來三年內更會在台北、新北、台南、高雄等地開出五座新的商場據點，總量體面積將近十萬坪，堪稱來勢洶洶。近年在百貨商場業界大幅擴張的不僅是三井集團，這幾年新進入大型商場的經營業者從建商、製造業、甚至連郵局、鐵路局等公家機關都紛紛跨入商場的投資經營。
根據統計，從去年至 2026 年底，全台共計 48 座貨商場將完工開幕，總面積高達 43 萬多坪，龐大的量體是過去五年新增商場面積的一倍多。而 2026 年則會迎來供給量的高峰，該年將有 20 座以上百貨商場陸續完工，且規模一個比一個大:包括台北雙子星大樓商場就有 5 萬坪，三井在高雄與國泰建設合作的 Lalaport 休閒購物中心也有 6 萬坪，台中廣三 SOGO 的台中超級購物娛樂城更有 10.6 萬坪。百貨公司密度已經是全球最高的台灣，在供過於求的影響下，未來將面臨的是人滿為患還是店滿為患的產業危機？

百貨商場開店潮: 電商衝擊下的逆向操作?

1983 年，《經濟日報》上有篇報導標題直言道：「台北的百貨公司太多了！」該文指出：當年 3 月，台北的百貨公司總共有 17 家。當時全台北市的人口僅 230 萬左右，平均 13.5 萬人就養了一家百貨公司。相較日本東京，則是 22 家百貨公司對比 1,140 萬人口。從比例來看，台北百貨商場密度顯然太高。
但之後數十年間，台北百貨商場的擴張並未停下腳步，進入市場的挑戰者反而越來越多。時至今日台北的百貨商場數量大增至 41 家，是 30 年前人口數的 2.4倍，但同時期北市人口只增加了 15% 至 260 多萬，平均每 6.5 萬人就有一家百貨商場，市政府所在的信義區周邊更是全球百貨業密度最高的地方。但百貨商場獲利有如此之高，讓業者前仆後繼的紛紛進入這個產業嗎?
答案其實是否定的。百貨業毛利不高，運作商場所需的房租、水電、人事成本等支出其實非常可觀，就獲利率而言，經營百貨商場並不是一個高投報率的選項。尤其在近年電商和網購崛起的時代，從家電到服飾，甚至生鮮食品皆可在電商網站上輕鬆找到，而且更方便比價。百貨公司昔日標榜一應俱全、應有盡有的消費模式早已受到電商的挑戰。就經營模式而言，百貨業者的收入主要來自店家專櫃的租金及抽成，而這兩項都必須仰賴大量的人潮來支撐。在電商當道的時代，百貨商場如何提供只有實體消費才能享有的體驗，成為業者最大的挑戰。
因為餐飲在實體通路的不可取代性，在零售業普遍受到電商衝擊之下，百貨業者紛紛拉高餐飲比重。聚餐吃飯除了是民生需求外，也具備體驗、社交等意義。在網路社群分享已是習慣的今日，餐飲早已成為近年來百貨刻意加重的營業項目。以人氣餐廳鼎泰豐為例，許多百貨業者願意給予相當低廉的租金，為的就是為了讓鼎泰豐進駐，因為每次現場排隊至少超過一小時的餐廳，就是人潮的保證。
第二，高端精品的客群也不容易被電商所取代。高消費客戶所需要的專人解說、專人服務及現場購買的體驗性，也成為百貨公司留住人潮的重要關鍵。最後是實體消費特有的體驗，各家百貨主打的策略都不同，但推出各種娛樂來吸引消費者進入百貨商場消費，例如影城、遊樂設施、運動休閒...等已是不可逆轉的趨勢。
近年來順應潮流，成功轉型的百貨業者就屬以新型態大型商場 ( 餐飲、娛樂的複合性體驗) 快速成長的遠東百貨。老字號的遠百在十多年前就看見電商帶來的衝擊，加緊腳步在板橋和台中開出大坪數的複合性商場。如今兩家貢獻超過台幣300 億元的年營收，佔了全台 12 家遠百總營收的 57%。
相對之下，近年在信義區積極擴點的微風去年營收與疫情前的 2020 相比，僅成長 4.6%。去年在疫情後的報復性消費帶動下，全台百貨營業額出現 15% 的年增率，新光三越和 SOGO 在 2020~2022 這兩年間也有 9.6% 和 5.3% 的成長率。去年有新店營收挹注的遠百更是一口氣成長了 24.5%。相對之下，近年來主打餐飲的微風體系，在餐飲行業競爭激烈，毛利率又低的影響下，不只營收成長不如預期，獲利也大幅下降。微風廣場本店的業績更從 2010 年的新台幣 78 億元直線下滑至去年的新台幣 62.6 億元。在信義區三家新店的龐大租金壓力下，又遲遲無法在商場經營做出區隔性和特色的微風前景不容樂觀。

百貨業的變與不變

現在的台灣百貨業除了仍處領先地位的上述幾家外，誠品、漢神、三井、大魯閣、統一時代、Citylink、秀泰等新興品牌也加緊腳步快速擴展中。百貨商場的區位上也從傳統的市中心精華區，轉變到軌道型、區域型的複合型百貨: 如冠德建設的環球購物中心、潤泰新的 Citylink，及三井的 Outlet 和購物中心。這些業者大多選擇在捷運、台鐵、高鐵等三鐵站拓點，靠著車站人潮保有穩定來客量。除了立地條件不同，品牌及功能定位也趨於多元化，許多新增商場主打將休閒和服務結合在一起，以吸引到更多原本非百貨主力消費的新客群。由纖維業轉型為商場經營，主打運動娛樂體驗的大魯閣商場就是最好的例子。
以三井為代表，快速崛起的 Outlet 商場也代表新的經營思維。他們所看準的是台灣在走向貧富 M 型化和少子化的過程中，傳統的百貨商場其實並沒有發展出相對應的賣場規劃型態。因此，鎖定交通方便的郊區，規劃大量的停車空間，商品走較傳統百貨更平價的親民路線。消費族群則鎖定中低收入的單身和小家庭族群，採開闊式規劃的賣場，營造出講求休閒遊憩的氛圍...等。因此，從總體規劃上走出了一條新的道路，與其和傳統的百貨商場競爭既有客源，新的 Outlet 型商場開發出不少原來不屬於傳統百貨消費的新客層。
雖然現今的百貨業者的背景、商場定位、經營策略及營業據點都較 80、90 年代多元許多，但台灣百貨零售業的總體成長動能基本上還是由整體經濟成長，以帶動大眾的消費力增加。從 2011 年以來，除了 2020 和 2021 受到疫情嚴重影響而出現年衰退，台灣百貨業的總營業額每一年都呈現成長的趨勢。去年在疫情後的報復性消費帶動下更出現 15% 的年增率。但去年全台也有近 10 家新的百貨商場開幕營業，其中最有規模的便是位於新竹竹北的遠百及台南的三井 Mitsui Outlet Park。
位於有潛力市場的新商場的出現通常會有把餅做大的集客效應，進而增加該區域和全台百貨的總營業額。但即便整個區域的總營業額增加，較老舊的商場仍面臨業績流失的問題。竹北的遠百去年一開幕便交出新台幣 62 億元的亮眼營收，但新竹市的遠東百貨業績便年減新台幣 5.2億元，或年衰退 12.6%。但同樣位於新竹市內的 SOGO 巨城購物中心去年業績卻不減反增，年增 5.6 億或 7.8%。反觀新光三越位於新竹市的分店早在 2018 年就結束營業， SOGO 新竹站前店也在營業 20 年後在 2019 年熄燈封館， SOGO 巨城購物中心的崛起及竹北遠百的亮眼表現見證了一個城市內商圈及市場板塊的轉移。
但現今的百貨經營環境其實仍與 80 年代有許多異曲同工之處。雖然商場定位、經營策略及開店地點都與三四十年前大相逕庭，但許多商場業者的合作夥伴仍是建商、傳產業主或是擁有眾多土地的壽險公司。以三井為例，林口的 Outlet即是與遠雄建設合作，興建中的高雄商場則是與國泰建設合作，雙方更在台南和新北合作住宅開發案。微風在南港的「微風世界明珠」則是開發商南港輪胎欲借重微風所經營的商場來提升開發案的商業價值。
與 80 年代不同的是，當時的建商財團看中的是百貨的現金流，把商場經營當成提款機，以方便整個集團的財務操作。但現今地主及建商則想利用商場拉抬周遭建案及土地行情，商場本身的營運狀況及現金流量則在於其次，甚至虧損也無所謂。也因為台灣的住宅市場接近飽和，商用不動產目前看起來仍有利可圖，因此開發商大量的把目標轉向新賣場，這也是為甚麼三井能從北到南與不同建商合作，快速擴點的主因。
但即便如此，在短期間內供給大幅增加的衝擊下，商場的營運及招商還是會受到影響。畢竟台灣經濟本身並沒有人口紅利的加持，整體消費市場成長有限。雖然去年在報復性消費帶動下出現強勁的年增率，但也是因為邊境尚未開放，影響國人前往海外消費。大型新商場也會對既有商場的招商造成壓力，以今年即將開幕的 SOGO 台北大巨蛋店舉例，它的量體幾乎是 SOGO 忠孝店的三倍大，在招商方面，也會積極挖角鄰近商場的品牌櫃位。SOGO 大巨蛋開始營運之後，勢必對信義區的早已過度競爭的百貨商場造成極大的壓力，幾年之後信義區很可能出現商場歇業退出。
另一方面，建商及傳產業主是否能在激烈的競爭環境中找到適合的經營團隊，做出商場的差異性也相當令人質疑。尤其許多新賣場是位於人口及周遭環境皆未成形的重劃區，主要是為了拉抬房地產價格而設立。欠佳的據點位置，若加上不明確，或同質性高的市場定位，未來台灣這波新開設的百貨商場勢必出現大規模的退場。之後將再重演 90 年代產業汰弱留強的整合潮。

便利性是否有所極限?

根據統計，去年全台灣便利商店登記總數已突破 2 萬多家。 2019 年時，台灣每 1,749 人就有一家超商門市，到了去年年底降低到每 1,125 人就有一家超商，與原本全球密度最高的南韓的 1,127 人不相上下。但與台灣相比，南韓便利商店的開店門檻，營運複雜度、和服務多元性都遠不及台灣，因此自然在門市數目上多於台灣。但若借鏡超商密度全球第三的日本，近年來由於少子化和人口老化的關係，日本便利商店的開店速度連年下降。從 2017 年起，覆蓋率就不增反減，這使得進入人口負成長的台灣，不得不思考：台灣超商門市是否已過分飽和？
純粹就營業數字而言，2011 年全台灣便利商店的總營業額是新台幣 2,401 億元，較百貨公司相比低了新台幣 301 億元，或 11%。但過去 11 年來， 便利商店以每年 4.3% 的年複合成長率穩定成長，在 2020 年總營收已超越百貨業。雖然去年百貨業受惠於 15% 的超高年成長率，將營業額再度超前便利商店，但後者不論景氣好壞，甚至在疫情衝擊下，還能避免衰退則是不爭的事實。究竟台灣超商營運上有甚麼過人之處，能在高密度，人口負成長的激烈競爭環境下仍持續穩定擴張呢？對一般台灣人來說，超商早已是生活中不可或缺的一部分，不管是早餐、咖啡、飲料、便當、繳費用、領包裹，天天去，甚至一天進出好幾次都算正常。但除了便利性，台灣超商擅長於將服務及產品差異化，結合其他零售業態，創造一次滿足多種消費需求的綜效，以將店面的的集客力量發揮到極致。

這也是為何近年來各家超商紛紛開出「複合店」，例如結合超市、藥妝店、餐飲業、電信業者...等各式大面積的複合店。以業界龍頭產業龍頭統一超商（ 7-Eleven ）為例，在前年便開設以超商為主軸，第一間統一集團優質生活館，在超大型的店鋪裡整合旗下康是美、星巴克、Mister Donut、博客來等超過十個品牌。台灣超商業者也在店內設立知名品牌專櫃，例如，無印良品、Mister Donut、頂呱呱......等。透過不斷結合其他服務及餐飲業，達到跨業整合，發展出新的服務模式，以吸引新的消費客層。也讓客戶的消費預算，盡可能都花在同一家店中以提升來客率以及銷售額。
另一方面，超商也積極開發聯名商品，如產業龍頭的統一超商便與晶華酒店，君悅飯店等星級飯店，和米其林餐廳結成策略聯盟，開發聯名鮮食產品。也利用其綿密的門市及完整物流體系為基礎，成為整個電商物流配送的必要環節，讓即使一般不進入超商消費的民眾都能進入店內。統一超商前年寄取貨件數便高達至 3.3 億件，成功帶入不少人流以創造商機。
過往在缺乏產品及服務差異性的經營形態下，超商門市數多寡往往決定營收的增長，也較容易受到經濟景氣的影響。2021 年統一超商的全台店數年增6% 至 6,379 家，但該年營收卻零成長停滯在新台幣 1,680 億元。去年統一超商數年增率放緩至 4% 或年增 252 家，但營收卻年增 8.9% 至新台幣 1,829 億元，最大的成長動能在於疫情後單店營業額的回升，及透過鮮食、咖啡、電子商務服務等高毛利產品，抵銷通膨與原物料上漲壓力。

與百貨生態類似的是，超商也長期呈現大者恆大的局面。統一超商和全家店數加起來就佔了全台超商總數的一半，市佔率也高達八成。而排名第三及第四的萊爾富和 O.K. 便利商店市佔率相加也有 17%。因此除了四大超商系統以外，其他小型競爭者幾乎無成長空間。但與百貨截然不同的是，台灣超商不論開店或是營業成本結構都比百貨低很多，但穩定的人流及多元性的服務又帶動高坪效 ( 全年營收 / 單店營業面積)。事實上，統一超商店面的平均坪效高達台幣 75 萬元以上，相當於 SOGO 忠孝店。超商的經營型態也能在短時間內更換不同的產品組合，靈活的經營模式和遠低於百貨的成本結構使得超商營收的穩定性高於百貨商場。即便店數持續增加，但在多元靈活的經營模式下，超商面臨大規模淘汰整合的可能性遠低於量體即將出現爆發性成長的百貨商場。
未來可預見的是，與一般民生緊密結合，有高度寡占性，又提供高度便利性的超商仍能維持相對穩健的成長。而百貨商場在未來數年的大幅增加後，供過於求的重整已是難以避免了。

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