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The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before this revolutionary device, communication over long distances was quite challenging. Messages were sent by telegraph, but they could take a long time to be delivered and were often unclear.

In 1876, the first successful telephone call was made by Bell himself. He spoke to his assistant, Mr. Watson, saying, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” This moment is considered one of the most significant events in the history of communication. Shortly after this, the first telephone was demonstrated at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where it was received with great enthusiasm.

In the following years, improvements were made to the original design. The carbon microphone was invented by Thomas Edison, which made conversations clearer. By the early 1900s, the first commercial telephone service was established, and telephone lines were installed in homes and businesses across the United States.

As the technology advanced, various designs of telephones were developed. The rotary dial was introduced in the 1920s, allowing users to easily dial numbers. In 1960, the first touch-tone telephone was released, which was quickly adopted for its convenience.

By the end of the 20th century, millions of calls were made every day around the world. The telephone had evolved from a simple device into a crucial tool for communication. The introduction of mobile phones in the 1980s and 1990s revolutionized the way people communicated even further. Today, smartphones are used for calls, messaging, and internet access, connecting people in ways that were once unimaginable.

The impact of the telephone has been profound. It has changed not only how we communicate but also how we interact socially and conduct business. The telephone is an invention that has shaped the modern world, and its legacy continues to influence technology today.

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Who invented the telephone, and when was it invented?

What significant event occurred at the Centennial Exposition?

How did the telephone design change over the years?

What impact did mobile phones have on communication?

In what ways has the telephone influenced modern society?

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A Trip to the Museum

On Sunday, Sarah and her family decided to visit the museum. They woke up at 9 AM and had breakfast in the dining room. After finishing their meal, they left their house at 10 AM.

When they arrived at the museum, it was already crowded. The entrance was busy with people buying tickets. Sarah and her brother ran to the dinosaur exhibit, which was located on the second floor. They spent an hour there, amazed by the huge skeletons.

At 11:30 AM, they went to the art gallery on the first floor. Sarah loved the paintings that were displayed on the walls. They took their time looking at each artwork until it was almost lunchtime.

Around 1 PM, they decided to eat at the café inside the museum. They sat at a table by the window, where they could see the garden outside. After lunch, they explored the science section, which was open until 5 PM.

Finally, they left the museum at 4:30 PM, happy and full of new knowledge. They returned home, discussing their favorite parts of the day.

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Activity

1. Identify the Prepositions: Find and underline all the prepositions of time and place in the text.

2. Write a Reflection: Use some of the prepositions to write a short reflection on a visit you’ve had to a place.

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Last month, I celebrated my birthday with a big party at my house. I invited all my friends and family to join the celebration. The day started early, and my parents helped me decorate the living room with balloons and streamers. We made a delicious chocolate cake and prepared snacks like chips and fruit.

When the guests arrived, we played games like musical chairs and pin the tail on the donkey. Everyone laughed and had a great time. My best friend gave me a wonderful gift: a new video game that I had wanted for a long time.

After the games, we sang happy birthday and cut the cake. It was so tasty! Everyone enjoyed it, and we took many photos together. At the end of the party, my friends and I watched a movie and shared funny stories. It was a memorable day, and I felt very happy to celebrate with the people I love.

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Questions:

1. When did the writer celebrate their birthday?

2. Who helped the writer decorate the living room?

3. What kind of cake did they make for the party?

4. What games did the guests play at the party?

5. What gift did the writer’s best friend give them?

6. What did they do after playing games?

7. How did everyone feel about the cake?

8. What did the writer and their friends do at the end of the party?

9. How did the writer feel about the celebration?

10. What was the best part of the birthday party for the writer?

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Last Saturday, my family and I were visiting the zoo. The weather was sunny, and we were excited to see all the animals. While we were walking through the gates, my little brother was running ahead to see the elephants. I was taking pictures of everything because I wanted to remember the day.

When we arrived at the elephant enclosure, we noticed that they were splashing water on themselves. My mom was laughing, and my dad was pointing out how playful they were. While we were watching, my sister was trying to feed the giraffes.

Later, while we were having lunch, we were talking about our favorite animals. I was saying that I loved the lions because they were sleeping in the sun, looking majestic.

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Questions:

1. What animals were the family excited to see at the zoo?

2. What was the little brother doing when they entered the zoo?

3. How did the family react when they saw the elephants?

4. What were the family members discussing during lunch?

5. Which animal did you like the most? Why?

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Last summer, Jake had planned the perfect vacation to Paris. He had booked the flights months in advance, and everything had been arranged carefully. The night before his departure, Jake’s alarm clock malfunctioned, and by the time he woke up, the plane had already taken off.

He was furious because he had double-checked everything—except the alarm. Jake had packed his suitcase the night before, and he had confirmed his taxi service, thinking everything was under control. He couldn’t believe that a simple alarm clock had ruined his trip.

When he finally reached the airport, he found out that the airline had rebooked him on a later flight. Although the situation had stressed him out, Jake felt relieved to know he still had a chance to enjoy his vacation.

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Activity 1: True or False

1. Jake had planned his trip only a few days before his departure.

2. Jake’s alarm clock malfunctioned, and he missed his original flight.

3. He had forgotten to confirm his taxi service.

4. The airline had rebooked Jake on a later flight.

5. In the end, Jake gave up on his vacation.

Activity 2: Open-ended Questions

1. Why did Jake miss his flight?

2. What steps had Jake taken to prepare for his trip?

3. How did the airline help Jake after he missed his flight?

4. How do you think Jake felt when he arrived at the airport?

5. What could Jake have done differently to avoid missing his flight?

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1 True

2 True

3 False

4 True

5 False

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1. false

2. true

3. false

4. true

5. true

Activity 2

6. He lost his flight because the alarm failed

7. the airline

8. he had booked the flights, he had confirmed his taxi service.

9. He had felt sad and hungry

10. he needed to prepare the alarm mainlyy

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My Favorite Pastimes

When I was a child, I used to play outside every day. My friends and I used to ride our bikes around the neighborhood and play games like tag and hide-and-seek. I also used to collect baseball cards and trade them with my friends.

Family Gatherings

In my family, we used to have big family gatherings every Sunday. My grandparents would cook a huge meal, and we used to spend the whole afternoon together. We would share stories and play board games, which was always a lot of fun.

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1. Write a paragraph about your favorite childhood hobbies, using 'used to.

2. Write about the traditions you used to have in your family using 'used to.

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Activity 2

In my family, we used to have a Christmas tradition. Every Christmas, we would gather at someone's house. There, most of the family would arrive, we would have dinner and we would have a party until dawn. All the adults used to dance while the children shared, playing hide and seek, playing grass, etc. I remember that, before midnight, we used to go out and burn a firecracker to make the dragon ball and sparks. When the new year came, we used to turn on the radio and wait a few seconds to wish each other a happy new year and give each other a big hug.

These traditions have changed a little over time, but I will always remember those special moments.

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Activity 2

In my family, we used to have a Christmas tradition. Every Christmas, we would gather at someone's house. There, most of the family would arrive, we would have dinner and we would have a party until dawn. All the adults used to dance while the children shared, playing hide and seek, playing grass, etc. I remember that, before midnight, we used to go out and burn a firecracker to make the dragon ball and sparks. When the new year came, we used to turn on the radio and wait a few seconds to wish each other a happy new year and give each other a big hug.

These traditions have changed a little over time, but I will always remember those special moments.

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Activity 2

In my family, we used to have a Christmas tradition. Every Christmas, we would gather at someone's house. There, most of the family would arrive, we would have dinner and we would have a party until dawn. All the adults used to dance while the children shared, playing hide and seek, playing grass, etc. I remember that, before midnight, we used to go out and burn a firecracker to make the dragon ball and sparks. When the new year came, we used to turn on the radio and wait a few seconds to wish each other a happy new year and give each other a big hug.

These traditions have changed a little over time, but I will always remember those special moments.

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When I was a child I used to play with all the children from the neighborhood, we used to play soccer cops an thieves and many other games we also used to climb mountains and ride bicicle we were used to having a lot of free time

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Activity 2

In my family, we used to have a Christmas tradition. Every Christmas, we would gather at someone's house. There, most of the family would arrive, we would have dinner and we would have a party until dawn. All the adults used to dance while the children shared, playing hide and seek, playing grass, etc. I remember that, before midnight, we used to go out and burn a firecracker to make the dragon ball and sparks. When the new year came, we used to turn on the radio and wait a few seconds to wish each other a happy new year and give each other a big hug.

These traditions have changed a little over time, but I will always remember those special moments.

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John is an office manager, and today is a very busy day. He must organize a meeting with his team, but one member might not attend because she is feeling sick. He should call her to confirm. He can’t afford to have the meeting without her, as she plays a key role in the project.

Later, John realizes that the printer is not working. He could try to fix it himself, but he might make the problem worse. He can ask the IT department for help instead.

During the meeting, the team discusses some tasks they should finish by the end of the week. One member suggests they could extend the deadline, but John reminds them they must meet the original timeline. After the meeting, John may take a break if there is time, but he must also prepare a presentation for tomorrow.

By the end of the day, John feels tired, but he knows he can handle anything that comes his way.

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Activity: Identifying and Using Modal Verbs

1. Reading Comprehension:

Identify all the modal verbs used in the text and explain their meaning in context.

Example:

Must: John must organize a meeting.
→ This expresses an obligation or necessity.

2. Fill-in-the-Blank Activity:
Complete the sentences with the correct modal verb (must, should, could, can, might, may).

You _______ take an umbrella. It looks like it _______ rain later.

We _______ finish this report today; it’s very important.

John _______ fix the printer himself, or he _______ ask IT for help.

3. Writing Activity:
Write a short paragraph (4-5 sentences) about your own day, using at least three different modal verbs.

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This weekend, my family and I are having a great time together. On Saturday morning, my parents are preparing breakfast in the kitchen while I am setting the table. My little brother is helping by pouring juice into glasses. After breakfast, we are planning to go hiking in the nearby hills.

Before we leave, we are checking the weather forecast to make sure it will be a nice day. While we are packing our bags with snacks and water, our dog is wagging his tail, excited to join us on the adventure.

Once we arrive at the hiking trail, my family is taking lots of pictures of the beautiful scenery. I am walking ahead of them, exploring new paths. My brother is running around, looking for interesting rocks and insects. My parents are enjoying the fresh air and the sound of birds chirping.

Later, we are having a picnic by a small lake. My mom is unpacking the sandwiches, while my dad is setting up a blanket on the grass. We are all laughing and sharing stories about our favorite hikes. After the picnic, we are playing frisbee and enjoying the sunny afternoon.

As the sun begins to set, we are packing up our things and taking one last look at the stunning view. It has been a perfect day filled with fun and laughter!

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What are the parents doing in the kitchen on Saturday morning?

How is the little brother helping?

What are they planning to do after breakfast?

Why are they checking the weather forecast?

What is the dog doing while they pack their bags?

What activities are the family members doing on the hiking trail?

What are they having for a picnic by the lake?

How do they feel as they pack up to leave?

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What are the parents doing in the kitchen on Saturday morning?

The parents are preparing breakfast in the kitchen.

How is the little brother helping?

The little brother is helping by pouring juice into glasses.

What are they planning to do after breakfast?

After breakfast, they are planning to go hiking in the nearby hills.

Why are they checking the weather forecast?

They are checking the weather forecast to make sure it will be a nice day.

What is the dog doing while they pack their bags?

The dog is wagging his tail, excited to join them on the adventure.

What activities are the family members doing on the hiking trail?

The family members are doing the following activities:

The parents are taking lots of pictures of the beautiful scenery.

The speaker is walking ahead, exploring new paths.

The little brother is running around, looking for interesting rocks and insects.

The parents are enjoying the fresh air and the sound of birds chirping.

What are they having for a picnic by the lake?

They are having sandwiches for a picnic by the lake.

How do they feel as they pack up to leave?

They feel happy, as they are taking one last look at the stunning view and reflect on the perfect day filled with fun and laughter.

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1. The breakfast

2. He was making juice

3. they was planning to go out for a picnic

4. because they needed to know it for a small trip

5. He is wagging his tail

6. They took a lot of pictures and the boy was looking for insects and rocks thy also was enjoying the fresh air

7. They was eating sandwiches

8. They felt very well and gratefull

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"I have been learning Spanish for the past two years. At first, it was difficult, and I made many mistakes. However, I have practiced every day, and now I can have conversations in Spanish with native speakers. I have taken online classes, read books, and watched movies in Spanish to improve my skills. I have also traveled to Spanish-speaking countries, like Mexico and Spain, where I have had the opportunity to use the language in real-life situations. I have made a lot of progress, and I am very proud of how much I have learned. Learning a new language has opened up many doors for me, and I am looking forward to learning even more in the future."

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How long has the person been learning Spanish?

What methods has the person used to learn Spanish?

How has learning Spanish helped the person?

What is the person proud of?

What does the person plan to do in the future?

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Text: Next year, I will start a new job in a different city. I am very excited, but also a little nervous because it’s a big change. I will move to a new apartment, and I will meet new colleagues. I will probably miss my old friends, but I know I will make new ones soon. I will visit my family on holidays, and I will call them every week to stay in touch. Even though it will be hard at first, I believe that I will adjust quickly and enjoy my new life. I will work hard to improve my skills and achieve my career goals.

ACTIVITY:

1. Write about your future using "will". Think about decisions or promises you might make.

2. Answer the following questions:

What will you do in one year?

What will you miss the most if you move to a new place?

Text: In a few weeks, I am going to visit a friend in another country. We have been planning this trip for months, and everything is almost ready. We are going to stay in a beautiful hotel near the beach, and we are going to try many local dishes. I am going to learn a little of the local language before I go, so I can communicate better with the people. We are going to visit museums, go on boat tours, and explore the city. I’m really excited because this is my first trip abroad, and I am going to take lots of photos to remember everything. I am going to pack my bags next week, so I don’t forget anything important!

ACTIVITY:

1. Write three plans you are going to make for next year using "going to".

2. Ask a classmate:

What are you going to do next summer?

Are you going to travel anywhere this year?

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Reading 1: "The Adventure That Almost Happened"

Last year, Mark and his friends planned an adventure in the mountains. They were all excited, but Mark had some concerns.

1. Zero Conditional:
Mark knew the basics of camping well. "If you don’t bring enough food, you get hungry quickly in the mountains," he reminded his friends. "And if you’re not careful, you might attract wild animals at night."

2. First Conditional:
They planned to hike to a beautiful lake at the top of the mountain. Mark said, "If the weather is good, we will reach the lake by sunset, and it will be an amazing view!" But he was also prepared. "If we run out of daylight, we’ll set up camp wherever we are and finish the hike in the morning."

3. Second Conditional:
Mark’s friend Lisa, however, wasn’t sure about the whole plan. "If I weren’t afraid of heights, I would be more excited about this trip," she admitted. Lisa wanted to join, but her fear of heights made her nervous about the high trails they planned to hike.

4. Third Conditional:
The day before the trip, something unexpected happened: Mark sprained his ankle. He felt disappointed. "If I hadn’t injured myself, I would have gone on the adventure with my friends," he said. "It would have been such an unforgettable experience." Instead, he had to stay home, while his friends went without him.

Now, Mark is fully healed and looking forward to their next trip. "Next time, if I’m careful and take it easy before the trip, I won’t have to miss out on the adventure!"

Questions for "The Adventure That Almost Happened"

1. According to Mark, what happens if you don’t bring enough food on a camping trip?

2. What will the group do if they run out of daylight before reaching the lake?

3. Why does Lisa feel nervous about the trip?

4. Why did Mark miss the camping adventure with his friends?

5. What does Mark plan to do differently for the next trip?