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Accommodations 101. National Deaf Center. (2023, February 27). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://nationaldeafcenter.org/resource-items/accommodations-101/

Alerting devices. Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (2020, July 7). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://mn.gov/deaf-hard-of-hearing/assistive-technology/alerting-devices/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 1).

Hearing loss. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/hearingloss/default.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, July 18).

Screening and diagnosis of hearing loss. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/screening.html

Cochlear implants. The House Institute Foundation. (2022, April 4). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://hifla.org/research/cochlear-implants/

Definitions/acronyms. VAWnet.org. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://vawnet.org/sc/definitionsacronyms

How to contact us: Assistive devices - ncdhhs.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.ncdhhs.gov/media/144/open

N.C. DHHS: What is American sign language? (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.ncdhhs.gov/media/225/open

Relay North Carolina Telebraille for deaf-blind video. NC DHHS: Division of Services for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/services-deaf-and-hard-hearing

Resources. National Association of the Deaf. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.nad.org/resources/

Sign Language Interpreter/Transliterator Directory. NC DHHS: Sign Language Interpreter/Transliterator Directory. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/services-deaf-and-hard-hearing/sign-language-interpreters/sign-language-interpretertransliterator-directory

Smith, D. D., Tyler, N. C., & Skow, K. G. (2018). Introduction to contemporary special education: New horizons. Pearson.

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STATE RESOURCE
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/media/144/open
This article explains the assistive devices that were mentioned in the behavioral and social accommodations and explains the missed sounds and how the assistive devices work.

LOCAL RESOURCE
The Division of Services for the Deaf and the Hard of Hearing provides services through its seven North Carolina regional centers. These services are open to Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Deaf-Blind individuals. Family members, professionals, agencies and individuals seeking information or assistance also have access to these services. Wilson Regional Center is the local one nearest to us.

NATIONAL RESOURCE
National Associaion of the Deaf
https://www.nad.org/resources/
This  page provides a wide range of information for deaf and hard of hearing people, their families, and friends.

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STATE RESOURCE
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/media/225/open
This article explains what ASL is and why it is important for communicating with those that are deaf or hard of hearing.

LOCAL RESOURCE
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/services-deaf-and-hard-hearing/sign-language-interpreters/sign-language-studies-interpreter-education-programs-directory
This is a guide to Sign Language Studies & Interpreter Education Programs. Here you will be able to learn about and find Sign Language Studies.

NATIONAL RESOURCE
CDC Homepage for Hearing Loss
This website will guide you through Hearing loss and deafness in infancy and in children and through how to communicate and collaborate with the deaf community in the workplace and in the educational space.

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Behavior Management and Social Strategies

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Behavior Management and Social Strategies

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These are adaptations and accommodations that can help the student with deafness function socially with their peers, teachers, family and friends.
Auditory brainstem implant- these can be a solution for individuals who do not benefit from hearing aids and cochlear implants due to small or missing hearing nerves or an abnormal inner ear. Like the cochlear implant, this device consists of a processor that picks up sound from the environment and turns it into an electrical signal for an electrical array.
Cochlear implant- this is a complex electronic device that bypasses damaged portions of the ears to directly stimulate the auditory nerves. A cochlear implant consists of a microphone, a speech processor, a transmitter and receiver, and an electrical array.
Both of the devices above could help and accommodate the student to better listen to their teacher and peers in an educational and social settings.
Alerting devices use a loud tone, flashing lights or vibrations to alert people with hearing loss to various environmental sounds. These devices may also be called signalers or notification devices. These can be used at home when students with hearing devices want to take a break from hearing or a break from wearing the devices. These accommodations make communication with the student visual.

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Interpreters- facilitate communication between a deaf and hearing person and this can be done through ASL translation or others.
Speech to text services (STTS)- is an umbrella term used to describe an accommodation where spoken communication, as well as other auditory information, is translated into text in real-time.
Assistive Listening Systems- are designed to enhance the understanding of speech for deaf people who want to access information through their residual hearing and/or personal device
Testing Accommodations- Test accommodations should allow deaf students to demonstrate content knowledge by reducing barriers due to testing design, wording and format.
Captioned Media - Captioning media is the process of making pre-recorded videos accessible.
Note Takers- Note taking is an accommodation that captures important pieces of information in a systematic way.
Remote Services- Deaf students enrolling in colleges across the country are on the rise and securing access services can be difficult for institutions. Remote interpreting and speech-to-text services are viable options for institutions experiencing shortages of qualified providers, specific interpreting or captioning needs for a course, or last-minute requests for urgent situations.

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Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test or Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) Test- checks the brain’s response to sound. Because this test does not rely on a person’s response behavior, the person being tested can be asleep during the test. ABR focuses only on the function of the inner ear, the acoustic nerve, and part of the brain pathways that are associated with hearing. For this test, electrodes are placed on the person’s head and brain wave activity in response to sound is recorded.

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)- Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) is a test that checks the inner ear response to sound.

Behavioral Audiometry Evaluation- Behavioral Audiometry Evaluation will test how a person responds to sound overall. Behavioral Audiometry Evaluation tests the function of all of the parts of the ear. The individual being tested must be awake in order to actively respond to sounds heard during the test. Infants and toddlers are observed for changes in their behavior such as using a pacifier, quieting, or searching for the sound.

Most of the time those that have deafness receive their education and learning from regular public or private school but teachers should consider adjusting certain aspects of the classroom routines, instruction, and environment to meet the needs of students with hearing loss.

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Deafness is the most severe type of hearing impairment, usually with little or no functional hearing. Deafness can cause a person to have significant speech delays, social problems, communication difficulties, behavioral issues and educational challenges. Hearing impairment and deafness generally manifest with specific symptoms and characteristics. Although symptoms vary among children, and other adults, certain traits and behaviors are characteristically indicative of hearing difficulties.

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HOH - Hard of Hearing, refers to individuals who typically experience their hearing loss from a physical or audiological perspective
HI- Hearing impaired
ASL- American Sign Language, this is the language a majority of the deaf community use to communicate with one another and other around them