# data[].attributes.headline
alveolar gas same composition as humidified air 

# data[].attributes.subject
alveolar gas same composition as humidified air 

# data[].attributes.headline
no gas exchange (no blood to facilitate gas exchange)

# data[].attributes.subject
no gas exchange (no blood to facilitate gas exchange)

# data[].attributes.headline
The greater the difference in concentration on either side of the membrane, the faster movement across it will occur

# data[].attributes.subject
The greater the difference in concentration on either side of the membrane, the faster movement across it will occur

# data[].attributes.headline
The smaller the distance molecules have to travel the faster transport will occur

# data[].attributes.subject
The smaller the distance molecules have to travel the faster transport will occur

# data[].attributes.headline
The bigger a cell or structure is, the smaller its surface area to volume ratio is, slowing down the rate at which substances can move across its surface

# data[].attributes.subject
The bigger a cell or structure is, the smaller its surface area to volume ratio is, slowing down the rate at which substances can move across its surface

# data[].attributes.headline
Higher temp --> increase Ke --> move quicker and cross membrane quicker

# data[].attributes.subject
Higher temp --> increase Ke --> move quicker and cross membrane quicker

# data[].attributes.body
COPD, Asthma, emphysema, sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension

# data[].attributes.headline
Reduction of normal oxygen movement across the lung 

# data[].attributes.subject
Reduction of normal oxygen movement across the lung 

# data[].attributes.body
Arrhythmias, coronary disease, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
It is a condition in which one or more areas of the lung receive oxygen but no blood flow, or they receive blood flow but no oxygen.

# data[].attributes.headline
Regulated by smooth muscle contraction, hormones, oxygen, pH changes

# data[].attributes.subject
Regulated by smooth muscle contraction, hormones, oxygen, pH changes

# data[].attributes.body
Amount of blood returned to the heart from various parts of the body
Directly proportional to cardiac output

# data[].attributes.body
Increased BMI can increase chance of heart failure
Output is higher in obesity

# data[].attributes.body
Beta blockers
NSAIDs
Calcium channel blockers
Dopamine
Dobutamine

# data[].attributes.body
alters rate of blood flow

# data[].attributes.body
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline

# data[].attributes.body
Gene variations can alter metabolic rate - oxygen use
Arrhythmias, changes to heart muscle

# data[].attributes.body
Number of capillaries per unit cross-sectional area of muscle

# data[].attributes.body
Calcium increases heart rate which in turn affects cardiac output

# data[].attributes.body
The flow of blood through or around an organ or region of the body

# data[].attributes.body
passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left without participation in gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries

# data[].attributes.body
Can affect arterial pressure and dynamics - impact cardiac performance

# data[].attributes.body
Reduced chloride ion efflux
Sodium and water influx

# data[].attributes.body
pregnancy
catecholamines
endothelins
glucocorticosteroids
thyroid hormone
leptin

# data[].attributes.body
Q increases with fitness levels

# data[].attributes.body
Q is lower in women due to decreased ventricular size
Q at rest is unaffected by age
Q during exercise reduces with age

# data[].attributes.body
smaller heart size reduces cardiac output

# data[].attributes.body
Forcefulness of heart contraction
Increasing contractility reduces end-systolic volume - increases SV and subsequently cardiac output

# data[].attributes.body
Volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction
Usually measured in mL

# data[].attributes.body
measured in bpm
Speed which the heart beats

# data[].attributes.body
Liters of blood pumped per minute
Stroke volume x heart rate