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1.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League? The purpose of National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to stop oil dumping

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?  car powered by 30 percent alcohol-gasoline

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for? It was a movement that aimed to promote using agricultural products and renewable resources in the industrial processes.

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1. How much air pollution was there? Where did it come from?
Air pollution during this time may have included fires, burning wood and other organic materials, and possibly early metal production.

2. How much water pollution was there? Where did it come from?
Water pollution during this period could have arisen from domestic waste, agricultural runoff, and local industrial activities such as dyeing and tanning.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?
Energy sources were natural, such as burning wood and other organic materials for heating, cooking, and energy.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world? How?
Some societies likely practiced sustainable resource management and limited overexploitation of natural resources to ensure their long-term availability.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?
In certain ancient societies, lead poisoning could have been a problem due to the use of lead-based materials in construction, water storage vessels, and cosmetics.

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1. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

Yes, in 80 CE  The Roman Senate passes a law to protect water stored during  dry periods so it can be released for street and sewer cleaning.
2. Why was lead poisoning a problem?
Lead poisoning was a problem because it contaminated the environment by releasing dangerous lead particles into the air.

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1. How much water pollution was there?Water pollution during the Renaissance continued to be a concern, especially in urban centers. While there were advancements in urban planning and sanitation, water pollution from domestic waste and industrial activities persisted.

2. How much wood was being harvested? What effects was this having?
They took wood for building new technology and infrastructure. Overtime, the biodiversity and environment could not handle it.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?
The Renaissance era saw improvements in medical knowledge and hygiene practices, which helped control some disease outbreaks. But, international trade and exploration, increased disease spread.

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1. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

Thomas Malthus predicted that food and resources would be depleted as populations boom.
2. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

Some examples of new pollution included water and air pollution. Pure drinking water became a commodity.
3. Why did sanitation become so important?

Sanitation could increase the quantity of pure drinking water in the city, and it was a possible way to combat water pollution.
4. How was the air pollution at this time?

In his diary, Evelyn writes in 1684 that smoke was so severe “hardly could one see across the street, and this filling the lungs with its gross particles exceedingly obstructed the breast, so as one would scarce breathe.”

5. How was the water pollution at this time? (1854)

Water pollution carried diseases like cholera, but the cause was not discovered until the 1880’s. The severity of the effects became so bad that a London physician named John Snow located the source of the contamination, a water pump, and broke the handle to render it inoperable.
6. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down? (June 27, 1853)
The editor of the New York Times, Horace Greeley, deemed it a “vandalism” and “villainous speculation.” The Boston magazine Gleason’s Pictorial said, “To our mind, it seems a cruel idea, a perfect desecration, to cut down such a splendid tree… what in the world could have possessed any mortal to embark in such a speculation with this mountain of wood?” The public consequently became riled up and vouched for a national park system.

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1. What types of reforms were occurring?
The Reforms of working conditions, slum housing, food adulteration, sanitation, drinking water, polluting industries, hunting laws and mining practices were in place.
2. What new organizations were formed?
Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth, and Earth Island Institute were formed.

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1920s and 1930s

1.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

The purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to prevent oil dumping.

1. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

Leaded gasoline was used for the first autos.

1. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

The chemurgy movement fought for the Industrial use of renewable agricultural resources

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1940s and 1950s

1. What led people to believe there was an air pollution crisis?

Air pollution surveys led people to believe there was an air pollution crisis.

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33. What final act did President Clinton sign into law?
Bill Clinton was able to protect 58 million acres of national forest. Clinton’s conservation record is better than any previous presidents since Theodore Roosevelt.
34. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?
Bush handles global warming and climate change by creating the George W. Bush energy plan in 2001. The plan emphasized oil exploration and the construction of new coal and nuclear power plants, however, the Wilderness Society says this plan is half a century out of date.

35. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?
The world reacts to leaded gasoline by prohibiting its use due to its adverse effects on public health. The global public health initiative to discourage the use of leaded gasoline remains ongoing.

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31. How did the Gulf War create pollution?
Massive oil spills and depleted uranium bullets led to pollution during the Gulf War. Six and a half million gallons were burned daily and were not extinguished until November of 1991.

32. What does China construct that causes much controversy?
China constructs the Three Gorges Dam which is a huge deal since 1.3 million people were forced to leave their homes. Not only was a good amount of farmland lost due to the lake, there’s also an increased risk of landslides as well.

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1.  What major disasters occurred during this time?

The Bhopal disaster, a massive release of cyanide gas, on the evening of December 2 and morning of Dec. 3, 1984, at a plant owned by Union Carbide (Dow Chemical) in Bhopal, India

1. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

Leaded gasoline is the greatest source of atmospheric lead pollution and the country’s common property resources, on its grazing lands, forests, rivers, ponds, lakes, coastal zones and increasingly the atmosphere.

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1.  What was the “burning river?”

The “burning river” was another name for Cuyahoga River in Ohio. It is flammable due to pollution.

1. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

Silent Spring is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism.