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Scrapes (abrasions) are wounds where your skin has been rubbed or torn off.

Initial Care:

Clean the wound gently with water and mild soap.

Apply an antiseptic to reduce infection.

Cover with a sterile dressing.

Post Care:

Keep the wound clean and dry.

Change the dressing daily.

Referral: Usually does not require sutures, but if the wound is large or there's concern about infection, consult a healthcare provider.

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A laceration or cut refers to a skin wound. Unlike an abrasion, none of the skin is missing.

Initial Care:

Apply pressure to stop bleeding.

Clean the area with saline solution or clean water.

If the wound is deep or bleeding heavily, apply a sterile dressing and seek immediate medical attention.

Post Care:

If sutures were required, keep the wound clean and dry.

Watch for signs of infection.

Referral: Sutures might be needed, especially for deeper or larger cuts.

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A "puncture wound" is a cut that is made when a sharp object, like a nail, goes through the skin and into the tissue underneath.

Initial Care:

Clean the wound with water or saline solution.

Apply a sterile dressing.

Do not remove the object if it’s still embedded—seek professional medical help.

Post Care:

Watch for signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus).

Referral: Depending on the depth and location, you might need a tetanus shot or antibiotics.

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An avulsion is a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger.

Initial Care:

Control bleeding by applying pressure.

Clean the wound gently.

Cover with a sterile dressing.

Post Care:

If the skin has been completely torn off, the tissue may need to be reattached with sutures or surgery.

Referral: Avulsion injuries often require specialized care, including potential surgical intervention.

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occurs when heat, chemicals, sunlight, electricity or radiation damages skin tissue

Initial Care:

First-degree burn: Cool the area with running cool water for 10–15 minutes.

Second-degree burn: Do not pop blisters. Clean gently and cover with a sterile, non-stick dressing.

Third-degree burn: Call emergency services immediately. Do not remove clothing stuck to the burn.

Post Care:

Keep the area clean and free from infection.

For severe burns, follow up with a healthcare provider for possible skin grafts or more advanced care.

Referral: Severe burns may require specialized treatment or hospital care.

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Use gloves for protection when working with or around blood and body fluids. Change glove between patients. Use glasses, goggles, masks, shields, and waterproof gowns/aprons to protect face from splashes. Wash hands if contaminated and after removing gloves.

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1.warm skin around the wound.

2.discharge coming from the wound.

3.the wound gives off an unpleasant odor.

4.red streaks on the skin around the wound.

5.fever and chills.

6.aches and pains.

7.nausea and vomiting.