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What are the impacts if an airport does not have an effective wayfinding system?

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What are the impacts if an airport does not have an effective wayfinding system?

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1. Stress and anxiety to the passengers and users
2. Poor wayfinding will leads to increase in indirect costs
3. Poor efficiency
4. directs flow of people through the airport will be slower
5. Confusion and disorientation for travellers
6. Increase in passenger frustration and passenger satisfaction thus poor passenger experience

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Singapore Changi T3

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If each GGH customer service officer takes 2 mins to check-in each passenger, what is the total manpower required to check-in AI548? 

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If each GGH customer service officer takes 2 mins to check-in each passenger, what is the total manpower required to check-in AI548? 

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(100 pax  x 2 mins) / 15 = 13.3333 (round up = 14)

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What are the types of passenger expected by the customer service officers of GGH for the following flights?

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What are the types of passenger expected by the customer service officers of GGH for the following flights?

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i. SA123 - Group travllers
ii. CT539 - Average holiday travllers
iii. KR687 - Short haul business travllers
iv. JW210 - Group travllers

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i. Calculate the number of passengers arriving in each interval. (Round off to 2decimal places.)

T-120 = 37.92
T-105 = 56.16
T-90 = 54.24
T-75 = 39.12
T-60 = 24.48
T-45 = 15.6
T-30 = 9.84
T-15 = 2.64

ii. How many passengers have arrived 45 mins before departure?

227.52 (round up = 228 pax)

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Which of the above Passenger Arrival Rate given are incorrect? State your reasons. 

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Which of the above Passenger Arrival Rate given are incorrect? State your reasons. 

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1. SK654. Because its total arrival rate is 99.9%
2. PL492. Because its total arrival rate is 100.1%
3. JW210. Because its total arrival rate is 100.6%

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Improper management of queue

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What are the impacts to airport operations if there is no proper crowd management?

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What are the impacts to airport operations if there is no proper crowd management?

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1. The airport would be crowded with people and everyone will be all around the place, causing chaos
2. Queuing time will then be extended
3. Unsatisfactory of customer services.
4. May cause flight delays

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What are the impacts to airport operations if there is kerb mismanagement

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What are the impacts to airport operations if there is kerb mismanagement

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As kerb management is meant to provide a safe stopping place for vehicles to load and unload passengers and their luggage, the result of kerb mismanagement would be:

1. Congestion on the kerbside due to the lack of considerations such as number of doors or length of the kerb to accomodate all the passengers

2. Events where people start to park their cars along the kerbside which would result to a massive disruption to the flow of incoming and outgoing vehicles due to the obstruction

3. Improper alighting points for the different types of vehicles (Public transport busses, taxis, delivery vehicles)

All of which, may result to passengers not being able to reach the airport in time and causes them to miss their flights etc

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How will your team prioritise the Airline-related Passenger Services?

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How will your team prioritise the Airline-related Passenger Services?

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1. Airline information services
To relay messages such as delays or change in itinerary

2. Airline passenger lounges for premium passengers
To allow a comfortable travel for premium passengers such as frequent flyers or V.I.P

3. Reservations and ticket purchases

4. Check-in, baggage check-in, handling of bag drop and storage

5. Baggage delivery and reclaim
When passenger's bag is not uplifted together with the passengers or lost and found

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How will your team prioritise the commercial Direct Passenger Services?

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How will your team prioritise the commercial Direct Passenger Services?

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1. Concessionaires
2. Passenger lounges
3. Vehicle carparks

4. Hotel reservations
5. Valet and porter services
6. Car rental services
7. Foreign exchange and insurance services
8. Advertising spaces

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How will your team prioritise the non-commercial Direct Passenger Services?

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How will your team prioritise the non-commercial Direct Passenger Services?

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1. Directional Signs
2. Washroom and family room
3. Flight and information
4. Amenities for passenger with special needs
5. Seating and waiting areas

6. FREE Wirless internet
7. FREE Charging Areas
8. Baggage trolley
9. Public telephonr
10. Baggage lockers

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3 Distinct Airport Functions
1. Change of mode
Provide facilities to facilitate the change in mode
• Accommodate aircraft on the airside
• Accommodate passengers on the landside to access the airport

Facilities involve: Taxi stands, bus stations, arrival-pickup point

2. Processing
Provide facilities to process passengers and baggage

Facilities involved: Baggage handling system, immigration, check-in counter

3. Change of movement
Provide facilities to change movement type
• Aggregate them into planeloads
• Hold the passengers
• Reverse the process for arrival

Facilities involved: Gate hold rooms, aerobridge, remote-bay, apron

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An example would be the comparison between Singapore's Changi Airport in comparison to the one of the busiest airport in New York, Laguardia Airport. Being an airport that has ran out of space for expansion due to the location of the airport, it has a relativley poor master plan which has caused unhappiness within airport users due to large crowds, limited facilities, causing massive delays and disruption to commuters.

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In order:
1. Optimise security
2. Develop information technology
3. Minimise risk for clearance
4. Minimise processing time
5. Minimise inconvenience
6. Promote exchange of information

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with the government agencies?

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with the government agencies?

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Through the Airports Council International (ACI), Airport Operators represent their common interests with Government agencies as well as develop standards, policies and recommended practices for airports. ACI also fosters cooperation by sharing information and providing training opportunities to raise standards throughout the air transport industry.

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with the ground handlers?

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with the ground handlers?

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They will need to communicate, address challenges and back one another to create an environment built on mutual trust and teamwork. As such, driving towards a common goal to provide a safe environment and customer-friendly travel experience for  passengers. Airport operators can also help improve services such as baggage handling and the safety areas to mutually help each other and improve partnership.

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How can an airport operator improve its partnership it's airlines?

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How can an airport operator improve its partnership it's airlines?

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Airport operators can work together with its airlines in finding out which areas need improvement in providing better services. Airline operational services includes ground handling and flight operations; flight planning, aircraft weight and balance, flight-crew briefing, and flight watch. As anyone who is about to travel, they will search for available airlines in the chosen airport they will be departing from and arriving at. Airport operators can help in networks for sales and promotion of an airline internationally. Airlines wants the best facilities available in an airport whilst making sure that it will be beneficial for both airline and airport.

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with its CAA?

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How can an airport operator improves its partnership with its CAA?

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The CAA role, in the context from Singapore's CAAS, is to enable the growth of the air hub and aviation industry, oversee and promote safety in the industry, provide air navigation services. Hence, an airport operator can improve its partnerships with its CAA by adhereing closely to safety standards as well as regulations being put out by ICAO as well as laws and regulation from CAAS. That way, it ensures safe practices of air travel which helps an air hub to grow when more airlines feels safe to fly into the airport. Some examples would be regularly updating the airport's facilities or functions that is up to date from the standards from CAAS such as apron markings, lightings.

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Government owned and control
Pro: Direct government control and operated, funded
Cons: Restricted expansion

Government owned with decentralised control
Pro: Can be more competitve
Con: Decision will still be made by the government

Mixed public/private ownership and control
Pro: Drives to make profit
Con: Might neglect aeronautical operations

Privately owned and operated
Pro: Drives to make profit
Con: Might neglect aeronautical operations

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What are the similarities between the different airport customers?

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What are the similarities between the different airport customers?

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Passengers are customers of both the airlines and airport. Passengers pay
airfare to airlines to be transported by air between two points.
They also pay the airport in two ways:
• For the use of facilities and services:
• Airport Facilities:
• Terminal buildings and roads
• Parking lots
• Washrooms
• Information signages
• General amenities (wifi, charging points, waiting areas)
• Airport Services
• Trolley service
• Cleaning service
• Taxi coordinating service
• Security service

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What are the economic impacts of an airport on a city/country?

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What are the economic impacts of an airport on a city/country?

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Economist perspective – a business centre with important local and regional economic benefits:
• An airport is a gateway to the national and international air transportation systems
• International Trade and Tourism depend on airport access and not having an airport can be detrimental to the progress of a community
• Airports are important employment centres, which contributes to the health of the economy

Key economic benefits:
• Employment
- An airport is a major source of employment
- Singapore Changi Airport employ over 320,000 people (2014, IATA) in various jobs (including airport operator, airlines, ground handling agencies, concessionaires, government departments etc)
• Economic Impact
- Airport employees usually reside in the communities near airport and spend their wages to purchase goods and services
- Similarly, airport businesses purchase goods and services from the communities nearby
- Both employees and airport businesses pay local taxes, which contribute to the wealth of the local economy

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What are the pros and cons of the different operation model of airports?

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What are the pros and cons of the different operation model of airports?

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How does master planning help an airport

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How does master planning help an airport

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A Master Plan ensures that the potential of the available land and the capacity of the airport's runway system and terminal area will be maximized. A Master Plan also ensures that any adverse impacts on the businesses of the airport and its stakeholders both on and off the airport site are minimal

A good example would be Singapore's Airport. After changing it's international airport a few times, mainly amongst Kallang, Paya Lebar and finally Changi Airport.

Changi Aiprort has been awarded Best Airport in the World multiple times by SkyTrax and that is mainly becasue it not only caters to the needs of travelling passengers that uses the airport facilities, it doubles as a mall for members of public. This is an example of a well thought out master plan. Not mentioning that Sinagpore's Changi Airport has undergone multiple expansions as well as upgrades to continue be a World Class airport, while not directly affecting any estates around the vincinity of the airport where it is planned to be expanded to.

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Why is standardisation of airport important?

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Why is standardisation of airport important?

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To provide for the control and regulation of aviation so as to maintain, enhance and promote safety and security in civil aviation.

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Singapore Paya Lebar Airport

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What are the areas and their functions in the airport?

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What are the areas and their functions in the airport?

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An airport is a complex transportation facility, designed to serve aircraft,
passengers, cargo, and surface vehicles.

Airport consist of 2 areas:
Airside
Accommodates the movement of aircraft around the airport as well as
to and from the air

Landside
Accommodates the movement of ground-based vehicles, passengers,
and cargo

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2 Categories of Airports:
• Commercial Service Airports
- Accommodate scheduled air carrier services
- Public-use airports
- International Airports
- International flights, requiring Customs and Immigration
- Domestic Airports
- Domestic flights, NOT requiring Customs and Immigration • General Aviation (GA) Airports
- Accommodate private business aircraft / non-scheduled air carrier services
-  Provide for aviation operations from flight training, aerial agricultural operations, air taxis/charter flights, business and executive passenger travel, search and rescue, medical and other industrial and recreational purposes

5 Types of Commercial Service Airports:
• Primary Hub (International) Airport
- Main base of operations for one or a few airlines / airline alliances
- Huge interline traffic between non-partner carriers
- Targets both business and leisure passenger traffic
• Secondary Hub (International) Airport
- Smaller geographical and commercial horizon than primary hubs
- Lower congestion level, allowing smoother transfer time
• Regional (Domestic) Airport
- Favourable geographic location and proximity to city’s downtown area
- “Spokes” to hub airports
- Do not host any hub carriers
- Focus on point-to-point traffic, with very little connecting traffic
• Charter Airport
- Host seasonal traffic of charter carriers
- Target leisure market
- Reduced services offered
- Evolving into low-cost airports
• All-Freight Airport
- Fully dedicated to freight business
- Offer intermodal solutions (rail, road and sea)

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First airstrip in History: Kitty Hawk town, North Carolina
First Official Aiport - College Park Airport, Maryland USA
Military Airbases
First airports in Singapore Aviation (Kallang, Paya Lebar, Seletar)