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Nitrogen - Uzair Latif Hadi Bin Abdul Rahman

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Nitrogen - Uzair Latif Hadi Bin Abdul Rahman

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Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry. It is used to make fertilizers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives. To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia. This is done by the Haber process. Nitrogen gas is also used to provide an unreactive atmosphere. It is used in this way to preserve foods, and in the electronics industry during the production of transistors and diodes. Large quantities of nitrogen are used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products. Liquid nitrogen is often used as a refrigerant. It is used for storing sperm, eggs and other cells for medical research and reproductive technology. It is also used to rapidly freeze foods, helping them to maintain moisture, colour, flavour and texture.

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Arsenic is a toxin that is well-known. Rat poisons and pesticides containing arsenic compounds are occasionally employed, but their usage is highly regulated.

Arsenic can also be used for medical purposes. Dr Fowler's Solution (potassium arsenate mixed in water) was a famous cure-all tonic in Victorian times, and even Charles Dickens took it. Organoarsenic chemicals are being used to prevent illness and increase weight growth in chicken.

Arsenic compounds can be used to manufacture specialty glass and keep wood in good condition.

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Compared to other metals, bismuth has a relatively low melting point, 271°C, and when it is alloyed with tin and lead, it melts at even lower temperatures. This characteristic opens up a range of interesting applications for bismuth-containing compounds. Bismuth alloys were once used in electric fuses as a way to interrupt high currents. When the fuse heated up, the bismuth-containing alloy would melt, breaking the circuit and saving a device from overheating. It is also becoming an increasingly important component of solder, replacing lead, which is currently being phased out because of its toxicity.

But Wood’s metal, an alloy of bismuth containing 12% cadmium, has a remarkably low melting point of 70°C. This makes it ideal for use in automatic fire sprinkler systems. When hot gases from a fire enter the head of the sprinkler, the melting metal releases a valve that allows water to gush out.

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Interesting Fact About Antimony, Sb-NOOR KHAIRIYAH BINTI HASNUL HADI (A21HP0115)

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Interesting Fact About Antimony, Sb-NOOR KHAIRIYAH BINTI HASNUL HADI (A21HP0115)

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Antimony in Roman glass making.

Antimony is used in production of white and yellow Roman glasses. In order to produce white Roman glass, 1-10% of antimony such as stibnite Sb2S3 is reacted with lime in the glass matrix to precipitate calcium antimonite crystals creating white with high opacity. As for yellow Roman glass is produced by antimony and lead like bindheimite Pb2Sb2O6(O,OH). The yellow colour is caused by the precipitation of opaque yellow lead pyroantimonate (Pb2Sb2O7). Yellow rarely appears alone in Roman glass, but it was used for the mosaic and polychrome pieces.

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Interesting Fact About Nitrogen-TAN SOK JING A21H00225

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Interesting Fact About Nitrogen-TAN SOK JING A21H00225

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Due to its extremely low temperatures and chilling properties, liquid nitrogen is a typical tool used in the process of flash freezing. The liquefied gas reacts with the food it comes into contact with, forming small crystals that solidify the dish without changing its flavour. The freezing technology is named Cryogenic Nitrogen Freezing technology. It is always used in the food industry especially for food exportation like durian. The durian expose to liquid nitrogen at -100℃ for around 70 minutes and able to preserve for up to 18 months although they are away from freezer that long. In the experiment in the link, the flower brittle like glass after immersed in liquid nitrogen. Water has a far greater freezing point than liquid nitrogen, therefore when the two liquids come into contact, the water in the flower can freeze instantly causing it to become rigid and brittle.

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Smashing Flowers Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen

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Interesting Fact about Nitrogen - ONG SHI TING A21HP0181

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Interesting Fact about Nitrogen - ONG SHI TING A21HP0181

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Nitrogen gas is used in the tyre filling system. The high-performance vehicles (race cars) and aircraft have used nitrogen gas in their tyres. The reason for using nitrogen gas in the tyres is to avoid moisture. Tyres filled with normal and compressed air contain a certain amount of water. At normal temperature, such as a plane might experience on the runway, this water is present as droplets. Landing and braking will create extremely hot temperatures that convert water droplets to vapour, causing the tyre to expand and potentially explode. Pure nitrogen is non-flammable and contains no water, therefore it is used in the aviation industry and high-performance vehicles.

Besides, the second reason is nitrogen is denser than oxygen due to the larger molecules in nitrogen do not escape as easily from tyres. Causing the tyres that are inflated with nitrogen to have gradual loss of pressure over time.  According to the Michelin Tyre Manual, a tyre that is inflated with nitrogen losses its pressure 3 times slower than if it were inflated with air. Nitrogen reduces oxidation of the tyre so that re-treads could be achieved. Furthermore, according to the Goodyear application bulletin, nitrogen tyres require less maintenance. It provides a longer tyre life, because nitrogen cooler than oxygen. Lastly, by using nitrogen in the tyres will have less pollution because under-inflation, nitrogen could reduce fuel loss.

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WHITE PHOSPHOROUS SMOKE BOMB - MUHAMMAD AFIQ

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WHITE PHOSPHOROUS SMOKE BOMB - MUHAMMAD AFIQ

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White Phosphorous called "WP" (slang term "Willie Peter") is used in military applications as incendiary bombs, for smoke-screening as smoke pots and smoke bombs, and in tracer ammunition.  Phosphorus bombs behave the same way as incendiary weapons and are noted for the “severity of the injuries” they cause, according to Human Rights Watch.

White phosphorus ignites once it comes into contact with oxygen and is highly soluble in fat, meaning it seriously burns human flesh.

The use of phosphorus bombs is not banned outright under international weapons law, and many armed forces possess them. They are also used to create smokescreens and to mark targets for airstrikes due to the volume of smoke they create.

However, it is illegal to use phosphorus bombs in civilian settings. They are tightly regulated under international law because of their incendiary effects and the potential for them to be used to inflict indiscriminate damage on civilian areas.

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NITROGEN IN FERTILIZER - NUR MIRZA AMELIN BT ZAMRI (A21HP0150)

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NITROGEN IN FERTILIZER - NUR MIRZA AMELIN BT ZAMRI (A21HP0150)

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Nitrogen is considered to be the most important nutrient, and plants absorb more nitrogen than any other element. Nitrogen is essential to in making sure plants are healthy as they develop and nutritious to eat after they're harvested.

How is nitrogen used in fertilizer?
When nitrogen is applied to the soil as urea, it sets off a series of reactions. First, enzymes in the soil transform the urea nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen, which reacts with soil to become ammonium nitrogen. The soil's microorganisms then convert the ammonium into nitrate nitrogen.

Now you know ;)

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INTERESTING FACT ABOUT NITROGEN, N - MUHAMMAD HIFZHUDDIN BIN YUSRI

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INTERESTING FACT ABOUT NITROGEN, N - MUHAMMAD HIFZHUDDIN BIN YUSRI

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Saturn's moon Titan is the only moon in the solar system that has an atmosphere as thick as Earth's, consisting of more than 98 percent nitrogen, roughly 1.4 percent of methane, and smaller amounts of other gases.  It is the second-largest moon in the Solar System after Jupiter's moon Ganymede, and is larger than the planet Mercury. The climate—including wind and rain—creates surface features similar to those of Earth, such as dunes, rivers, lakes, seas (probably of liquid methane and ethane), and deltas, and is dominated by seasonal weather patterns as on Earth. The thick atmosphere is orange due to a dense organonitrogen haze.

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90% OF PHOSPHORUS STORED IN BONE HUMAN ADULT

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90% OF PHOSPHORUS STORED IN BONE HUMAN ADULT

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SITI NURFARIESHAH BINTI SUBOH A21HP0199

Phosphorus mediates almost all biological processes including composition of cell membrane, maintenance and inheritance of genetic materials as nucleic acids, energy metabolism, and regulation of proteins .

90% of total phosphorus is stored in bone as hydroxyapatite (calcium-phosphate) crystals in adult human body. It is the second most abundant mineral in the body. It is present in every cell of the body. Most of the phosphorus in the body is found in the bones and teeth. It plays an important role in how the body uses carbohydrates and fats. Phosphorus is also needed for the body to make protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.

What foods contain phosphorus?

Phosphorus is found in many foods, particularly those rich in protein, such as:

milk and dairy

meat and poultry

fish

grain products

legumes.

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GROUP VA, PHOSPHORUS - IMPORTANT IN AGRICULTURE: MOHAMAD FARIS AIMAN 

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GROUP VA, PHOSPHORUS - IMPORTANT IN AGRICULTURE: MOHAMAD FARIS AIMAN 

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Phosphorus (P) takes its rightful place alongside Nitrogen and Potassium among the three primary macronutrients essential to successful plant growth.

Without Phosphorus, photosynthesis could not occur. Phosphorus plays a key role in complex energy transformations that are necessary to all life, as a main ingredient in ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is also a central component of DNA and RNA – and is necessary for building proteins and other compounds.

That is just the beginning. Phosphorus is required by the plant from the seedling stage through to maturity – and has a measurable impact on crop quality and yield.

Ten ways phosphorus aids in plant growth and plant health:

1. Enables photosynthesis (energy transformation)

2. Builds nucleic acids, proteins and enzyme

3. Facilitates root growth

4. Strengthens stems and stalks

5. Improves flower formation and seed production

6. Promotes crop uniformity

7. Contributes to earlier maturity

8. Increases disease resistance

9. Improves overall crop quality

10. Facilitates nitrogen fixation abilities of legumes

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This is an another fun facts about antimony, Sb. Antimony is one of the elements known since ancient times. Antimony is a semi-metal. Antimony sulfide (stibnite) was ground into a powder called kohl (Arabic name) which could then be used as an eye cosmetic like eyeliner and mascara. Both men and women from all social classes apply kohl to their eyes. It is still used for this purpose in some cultures today. Kohl also has been used for treating and preventing ocular diseases. The contamination of kohl with lead has been highlighted as a particular health concern, though there are conflicting accounts in the research on this issue. It may be tempting to think that because kohl has been used traditionally as an eye cosmetic in some parts of the world, it must be safe. However, there have been reports linking the use of kohl to lead poisoning in children.

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Use of Nitrogen in the process of making needles- NORSYAFIQA MADLAN (A21HP0120)

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Use of Nitrogen in the process of making needles- NORSYAFIQA MADLAN (A21HP0120)

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In the fabric production process, needles are quite significant. However, superior quality needles, such as non-rusting needles, should be stressed in order to retain the fabric's quality. As a result, nitrogen is used to construct sewing needles, which are employed in the textile industry to create clothing and materials. Nitrogen is utilised during the heat treatment process of steel needles to eliminate any oxygen that might cause oxidation and damage to the needle before it leaves the factory. As a consequence, the needle will not rust and will be able to be used for an extended period of time.

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Clinical treatment of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Arsenic is generally considered hypertoxic. However, it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times, to treat serious illnesses. Recently, a single dose of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) has been found especially effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Generally speaking, As₂O₃ is a more effective treatment of APL than other, newer medications and has less severe adverse reactions and greater safety.

Arsenic is widely dispersed throughout nature, and its toxic effect in humans, which focus mainly on somatic cells, as well known. Epidemiological research and in vitro testing have shown that long-term contact with arsenic can induce the formation of various neoplasms via cellular aberration or mutation, either directly or synergistically with other carcinogenic factors. Despite arsenic's hypertoxicity, it is necessary for growth and reproduction in humans and lower animals, and it has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat of serious illness. Even in Western countries, arsenic has long been included in the medical armamentarium for the treatment of tumors. Since the first report published in 1995 on the clinical outcome and mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) given as a single dose for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

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by Nurul Fasihah binti Arshad (A21HP0171)

With this treatment, the skin tag is frozen using a liquid nitrogen gas that can create a freezing temperature. It’s applied to the skin tag, which kills the cells and blocks the supply of blood to the skin tag, allowing it to naturally fall off. Cryotherapy is best suited for larger skin tags because it can cause a blister or soreness to develop for a few days after treatment.

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This is another fun facts about arsenic. Many moths and butterflies have wings that are covered with tiny scales. These scales can be made of many different colors, including metallic colors like green or copper-colored iridescence. One family of butterfly is called "the peacock butterflies", because they have the brightest metallic green coloring that looks just like the feathers of a peacock's tail. It turns out that this color comes from brilliant emerald-green crystals made of arsenic! The scientists who discovered this said it was an accident at first- they were studying another family of butterfly where males had distinctive iridescent blue wings.

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ONE INTERESTING FACT ABOUT BISMUTH - MUHAMMAD AFKAR BIN NORALIMIN

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ONE INTERESTING FACT ABOUT BISMUTH - MUHAMMAD AFKAR BIN NORALIMIN

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Bismuth was one of the earliest metals discovered, however it is sometimes mistaken for lead or tin due to its similar physical qualities. Not until 1753 did Claude Geoffroy recognise it as a distinct element. In 1753, the French scientist Claude Francois Geoffroy demonstrated that bismuth was not a form of lead or tin, but rather a distinct element. The name derives from the German words Weiße Masse, which mean white mass. However, the element's name first appears in scientific texts about 1400. For him, the word “wissmut” was because in Saxony, around St. Georges, the mineral was extracted (gemutet), in the fields (in den Wiesen). For others, the word comes from another similar german word: Weissmuth means 'white material', and this is supported by the fact that bismuth is a bright metal of white colour.

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Antimony was named after the Greek words anti and monos to mean “a metal not found alone.” The chemical symbol, Sb, comes from the element's historical name, stibium. Antimony was a known metal in the 17th century and was likely used even earlier.

The pure form of antimony is used to make certain types of semiconductor devices, such as diodes and infrared detectors.  An alloy of lead and antimony is used in batteries, low friction metals, small arms and tracer bullets, cable sheathing as well as other products. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead.

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MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BIN KHAIRUL NIZAM A21HP0080

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MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BIN KHAIRUL NIZAM A21HP0080

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Phosphorus, from the Greek meaning "light-bringer," is an element commonly used in light bulbs. However, it should not be confused with "phosphors," which is instead any substance that exhibits luminescence. Phosphorus, though, is a phosphor and does exhibit this luminescence.

Fluorescent Light

Sometimes, the phosphor coating on the inside of fluorescent lights includes phosphorus in the metallic salt lining the inside of the light bulb. These coatings produce light by having particles of radiation hit the coating from the inside of the tube, causing them to fluoresce.

LED Technology

Blue phosphorus is the most commonly used type of light-emitting diode (LED). To produce white light (as an alternative to fluorescent light), blue phosphorus LEDs are used with energized yellow phosphorus.

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HAN SHIN NI (A21HP0033) - Bismuth in cosmetics

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HAN SHIN NI (A21HP0033) - Bismuth in cosmetics

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BiOCl (also known as "synthetic pearl") is the most common compound of Bi that can be found in cosmetics. This is due to the light wave interference from its plate-like structure gives it a pearly appearance.

Because of its shimmering appearance and smooth feel on the skin, it is frequently used in nail polish, bronzers, blush, and eyeshadows.

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AISYAH BINTI NAZERI (A21HP0012) Group VA,Nitrogen-Ice cream making 

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AISYAH BINTI NAZERI (A21HP0012) Group VA,Nitrogen-Ice cream making 

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https://youtu.be/2M1CFpvXJSs

Its can be dangerous so be careful if you what to try this :)

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How to make liquid-nitrogen ice cream safely — Speaking of Chemistry

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The most widely known use of arsenic is a POISON. It is used in bug, rat poison and weed. It is also highly toxic towards human and can cause cancer. If ingested in small amount of time, it will produce symptom pneumonia and the victim will die hardly a trace of arsenic in his body. Coroners today have ways of detecting the smallest amount in an autopsy, so arsenic is rarely used for poisoning people anymore.

It was discovered that Napoleon Bonaparte(French Military Leader) might have died from arsenic poisoning. Massive amounts of arsenic were found in his hair structure. The dye of the wallpaper in his room large amount of arsenic, and the damp may have created a deadly gas which he inhaled.

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In health care for respiratory assistance.

In patients who have respiratory insufficiency due to disorders like COPD & emphysema, nitrogen gas is needed. Due to a decline in lung capacity, these people cannot breathe sufficient oxygen from the air. So they are given oxygen therapy. Here oxygen gas is given in combination with nitrogen. 100% oxygen is toxic to breathe as it produces oxidative free radicals. So oxygen is combined with nitrogen at a certain ratio and given to breathe by tubes directly inserted into the nose. Here, nitrogen is preferred because in the air we breathe, there is a nitrogen concentration of 70% while oxygen is 21 %. So in treatment, it is safe to combine oxygen with nitrogen.

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GROUP VA, NITROGEN - SCUBA DIVING | YASMIN BINTI AZMAN (A21HP0214)

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GROUP VA, NITROGEN - SCUBA DIVING | YASMIN BINTI AZMAN (A21HP0214)

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Although pure nitrogen isn’t used in scuba diving, the air that is in pressurized tanks does contain mostly nitrogen. This is important to know as a diver that careful timing is required when resurfacing, so that the diver does not end up with what is commonly known as “the bends”.

The bends, also known as decompression sickness (DCS) or Caisson disease is a condition that occurs in scuba divers when dissolved gases (mainly nitrogen) come out of solution in the bloodstream, forming gas bubbles in the circulation. It is caused by rapid changes in pressure during scuba diving.

Symptoms can include fatigue and pain in muscles and joints. In the more severe type, symptoms may be similar to those of stroke or can include numbness, tingling, arm or leg weakness, unsteadiness, vertigo (spinning), difficulty breathing, and chest pain. People are treated with oxygen and recompression.

Nitrogen from the tank, at the high pressures on the body from being underwater, dissolves into the bloodstream. This is not a bad thing, as long as the diver doesn’t resurface too quickly, as the nitrogen gas will slowly release out of the system. If a diver resurfaces too quickly the dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles in the bloodstream which can lead to a painful sickness, if not a fatal death.

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ロタ島人気のダイビングスポット「ロタホール」

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NUR ANIS SYAFIQA BINTI ABDUL RASHID (A21HP0132) | NITROGEN

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NUR ANIS SYAFIQA BINTI ABDUL RASHID (A21HP0132) | NITROGEN

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Food aeration is a frequent application for nitrogen gas in the food industry. Aeration is a popular chocolate-making technique that involves mixing chocolate with gas under pressure to create 'bubbly' chocolate. The Rowantree Company, which introduced the Aero bar in 1935, was the first to mass-produce an aerated chocolate, and other confectionary firms immediately followed suit. When nitrogen is used to aerate chocolate, it results in micro-aerated chocolate (smaller bubbles). Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, can be utilised to make larger bubbles.

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Nitroglycerin , a nitrogen compound is sublingual tablets are used to treat episodes of angina (chest pain) in people who have coronary artery disease (narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart). It is also used just before activities that may cause episodes of angina in order to prevent the angina from occurring. Nitroglycerin is in a class of medications called vasodilators. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not need to work as hard and therefore does not need as much oxygen. The tablets is usually taken as needed, either 5 to 10 minutes before activities that may cause attacks of angina or at the first sign of an attack. Do not chew, crush, or swallow nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Instead, place the tablet under the tongue or between the cheek and gum and wait for it to dissolve. It may feel burning or tingling in the mouth as the tablet dissolves and it is normal.

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The Surprising Reason why potato chip packets contains 70% air??

All the air in potato chip bags we complain about is actually Nitrogen and serves a purpose.

- It preserves the crispiness

The cushion actually is nitrogen gas. Chip manufacturers fill bags with this preservative gas to help keep chips fresh. If it were filled with regular air, the chips would likely turn soggy and spoil. In 1994, scientists found that exposing chips to nitrogen not only helped to extend the shelf life, but also made them taste better.

-To Provides cushion during shipping.

In the manufacturing industry, “slack fill” is empty space that’s intentionally placed around a product. The idea is that the extra room can as a buffer to protect your Lays, potato chips or Tostitos from damage. The trip from the production facility to your office’s vending machine can be quite bumpy! If it weren’t for slack fill, your chips would probably look more like bread crumbs.

Still Feel Deceived by the Empty Bag?

Now you know it :)

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Nitrogen is responsible for the colors of the Aurora.
While this fact might not be as useful and practical as knowing nitrogen's chemical properties, it is still one of the most interesting facts about this element. Who knew such a simple component was capable of creating such beautiful colors in the auroras of both north and south poles? Nitrogen is responsible for the orange-red, blue-green, blue-violet and many other shades, producing some of the world's most stunning sights ones that are sought-after by many who travel just with the purpose of seeing lights. The aurora may be discrete, appearing as an arc or a band, or diffuse like a patch of light or a veil across the sky or it may be rays coming down. The aurora's condition was defined as whether it was active, quiet, pulsating or coronal. Scientists can use large-scale movements of auroral phenomena to understand how the ionosphere and the more distant magnetosphere interact.

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Interesting facts about Phosphorus.
> About 85% of the body's phosphorus is found in bones and teeth. It helps to build strong teeth and bones. In all body cells, phosphorus is part of a major buffer system (phosphoric acid and its salts). Phosphorus combined with calcium to form healthy bones and teeth. To keep a healthy teeth and bones, a person should get a vitamin D as it helps our bodies absorb phosphorus (together with calcium) from foods. Phosphorus can be found in foods such as meat, milk and dairy, seeds, grains, nuts and beans.