# data[].attributes.headline
Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

# data[].attributes.subject
Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

# data[].attributes.body
The musculoskeletal system consists of the word musculo which means muscle and the word skeletal which means bone. Musculo or muscular is the muscle tissue of the body. The study of the musculoskeletal or muscle tissue of the body is myology. Skeletal or osteo is the skeleton of the body, which consists of bones and joints. The science that studies the skeletal or osteo body is osteology. Muscle is an organ of the body that has the ability to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy or motion so that it can contract to move the skeleton, as the body's response to environmental changes. Muscles are called active locomotion because they are able to contract, so they can move bones. All muscle cells are specialized to contract. Muscles make up 40-50% of body weight, about one-third of which is the body's protein and half the site of metabolic activity at rest. There are more than 600 muscles in the human body. Most of these muscles are attached to the bones of the body's skeleton, and a few are attached under the surface of the skin. The muscle bundles are coil-shaped and consist of :
1) fascia, which is the tissue that wraps around and binds the soft tissues. the function of the fascia is to surround the muscle, provide additional space for the muscle, allow the structures to move with one another and provide a site for blood and nerve circulation
2) ventricle (empal), is the middle part that bulges
3) tendons (muscle muscles), namely the two ends that shrink, are composed of connective tissue and are tough.

# data[].attributes.headline
Introduction to Musculoskeletal System Disorders

# data[].attributes.subject
Introduction to Musculoskeletal System Disorders

# data[].attributes.body
Musculoskeletal System Disorders are disorders that occur in parts of a person's skeletal muscles ranging from mild complaints to very sick. If the muscles receive static loads repeatedly over a long period of time, it has the potential to cause damage to the joints, ligaments or tendons. This disorder is caused by excessive activity factors, sports injuries, trauma, poor posture, repetitive work with inappropriate body positions, stress, excessive joint use, genetic factors, rheumatic diseases and many other causes. Musculoskeletal disorders can be minimized by medical rehabilitation to achieve optimal functional abilities. Medical rehabilitation aims to reduce limitations, barriers and disabilities so that patients are able to carry out their daily activities to the maximum without having to rely on the help of others. Several kinds of musculoskeletal system disorders that can occur in the body are:

1. Tendinitisarpal

2. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

3. Osteoarthritis

4. Rheumatoid arthritis

5. Fibromyalgia

6. Fracture

# data[].attributes.body
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain and widespread muscle rigidity, including the four quadrants of the body, left and right as well as upper and lower body. Fibromyalgia often accompanied by sleep disturbances, fatigue, anxious, depressed, stiff in the morning, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), headache, vertigo, paresthesias, and so on.

# data[].attributes.headline
The main symptoms of fibromyalgia, Causes of Fibromyalgia, Fibromyalgia Risk Factors

# data[].attributes.subject
The main symptoms of fibromyalgia, Causes of Fibromyalgia, Fibromyalgia Risk Factors

# data[].attributes.body
The main symptoms of fibromyalgia

1.   Widespread pain. The pain radiates throughout the body or in only a few areas, such as the neck or back. The sensation can be either burning or stabbing. This pain will last continuously, and its severity can vary.
2.   The level of sensitivity to pain increases. Even a gentle touch can be very painful, and the pain may take a while to completely go away. Sufferers can also be sensitive to other things, such as light or the taste of certain foods.
3.  Fatigue. Fibromyalgia can cause extreme fatigue to feel completely powerless, so you can't move.
4.    Poor sleep quality. Patients often feel tired even though they have had enough rest.
5.    Cognitive disturbances, for example difficulty concentrating or talking frequently.
6.     Headache. Usually this is the result of stiff neck and shoulders caused by fibromyalgia.
7.  Irritable bowel syndrome, which causes sufferers to experience constipation or even diarrhea.

Causes of Fibromyalgia

The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not known for certain. However, experts say that this condition is caused by several factors, including:

1.   Abnormal pain signal. The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are the centers of the nervous system that send signals throughout the body through specialized cells. Changes in the way it works will make the central nervous system more sensitive to pain signals.
2.     Imbalance of chemical compounds, such as dopamine and cortisol.
3.   heredity factor. The factor of a person getting fibromyalgia will increase if there is a family who has a history of the same disease.
4.     Age. Generally experienced by those aged 30-50 years.
5.     Gender. Men are at lower risk than women for fibromyalgia.
6.  Physical or emotional trauma, such as suffering from a viral infection, giving birth, or having recently experienced a traumatic event such as the loss of a life partner.
7.     Have diseases related to  muscles, joints, and bones. For example, rheumatoid arthritis

Fibromyalgia Risk Factors

1. Age. The risk of disease becomes higher over time.

2. Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. The risk of disease becomes higher if you have both of these diseases.

3. Gender. Women are twice as likely to have fibromyalgia than men.

4. Traumatic event. Some of these events include car accidents and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

5. Repeated injuries. Injuries from repetitive stress on a joint, such as bending the knee frequently.

6. Body shape. People with obesity are at higher risk for it.

# data[].attributes.body
In general, treatments for fibromyalgia include both medication and self-care strategies. The emphasis is on minimizing symptoms and improving general health. No one treatment works for all symptoms, but trying a variety of treatment strategies can have a cumulative effect.
1. Medications
Medications can help reduce the pain of fibromyalgia and improve sleep. Common choices include:
Pain relievers. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) may be helpful. Opioid medications are not recommended, because they can lead to significant side effects and dependence and will worsen the pain over time.
Antidepressants. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and milnacipran (Savella) may help ease the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline or the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine to help promote sleep.
Anti-seizure drugs. Medications designed to treat epilepsy are often useful in reducing certain types of pain. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is sometimes helpful in reducing fibromyalgia symptoms, while pregabalin (Lyrica) was the first drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat fibromyalgia.

2. Therapies
A variety of different therapies can help reduce the effect that fibromyalgia has on your body and your life. Examples include:
Physical therapy. A physical therapist can teach you exercises that will improve your strength, flexibility and stamina. Water-based exercises might be particularly helpful.
Occupational therapy. An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments to your work area or the way you perform certain tasks that will cause less stress on your body.
Counseling. Talking with a counselor can help strengthen your belief in your abilities and teach you strategies for dealing with stressful situations.

# data[].attributes.headline
Suggestions for readers to avoid Fibromyalgia

# data[].attributes.subject
Suggestions for readers to avoid Fibromyalgia

# data[].attributes.body
1. Stress management
Develop a plan to avoid or limit overexertion and emotional stress. Allow yourself time each day to relax. That may mean learning how to say no without guilt. But try not to change your routine completely. People who quit work or drop all activity tend to do worse than those who remain active. Try stress management techniques, such as deep-breathing exercises or meditation.
2. Sleep hygiene

Because fatigue is one of the main components of fibromyalgia, getting good quality sleep is essential. In addition to allocating enough time for sleep, practice good sleep habits, such as going to bed and getting up at the same time each day and limiting daytime napping.

3. Exercise regularly
First, exercise may increase your pain. But doing it gradually and regularly often decreases symptoms. Appropriate exercises may include walking, swimming, biking and water aerobics. A physical therapist can help you develop a home exercise program. Stretching, good posture and relaxation exercises also are helpful.

4. Pace yourself
Keep your activity on an even level. If you do too much on your good days, you may have more bad days. Moderation means not overdoing it on your good days, but likewise it means not self-limiting or doing too little on the days when symptoms flare. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat healthy foods. Do not use tobacco products. Limit your caffeine intake. Do something that you find enjoyable and fulfilling every day.