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In ancient Greece, the philosopher Plato explained his concept of justice in the famous work The Republic. The book is composed as a long dialogue between Socrates the thinker and his young friends Glaucon and Adeimantus. While the two friends observe that people who are unjust seem to do better in life than those who are just, Socrates explained that justice involves the well being of all people. Thus, a just ruler must be concerned with the well beingof all the people.

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In ancient China, the famous philosopher Confucius argue that Kings should maintain justice by rewarding virtuous people and punishing the wrong doers.

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In ancient Indian society, justice implied maintenance of dharma, or a just social order. While the sage Manu divided law into civil and criminal matters, Kautilya said that only State could provide fair and impartial justice based on rule of law.

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The German philosopher Immanuel Kant said that all human beings possess dignity. When people are given the dignity they deserve, they can develop their talents and pursue their chosen goals. Therefore justice implies providing due and equal opportunities to all individuals

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According to J.S. Mill, “Justice is the name for
certain classes of moral values, which concerns the
essentials of human well being more clearly, and are
therefore of more moral obligations than any other
rules for the guidance of life.”