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Law Enforcement (by Police)

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Enforced criminal law

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Collect evidence

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Investigate crime

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Arrest, detain and question suspects

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Minor cases - can issue caution or fixed penalty notice

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Send files to CPS

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Regulating government relationship with citizens

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Assess evidence submitted + decide whether to prosecute

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Decision based on applying full code test

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Decide what the charges should be

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Prepares and presents the prosecution in court

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Advise police about lines of enquiry + gather evidence to build a case

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Controls government departments.

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Independent prosecution service for England and Wales - deals with around half a million cases a year

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CPS is red for the courts and tribunals in England and Wales

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Magistrates - deals with less serious (summary) offences about 95% + deals with pre-trial hearing

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Passing statutes and legislation

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Precedent and interpretation

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Crown Court - deals with serious (indictable) offences, tried by judge and jury

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Administration of this is conducted by the Ministry of Justice and The Home Office

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Issues like the plea, bail + legal aid are decided, not guilty pleas lead to a trial

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Evidence is heard in court before a jury or the magistrates

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Verdict is decided

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Judge or magistrate will hand down custodial or community sentences, fines or discharges- based on relevant statute + sentencing guidelines given by Sentencing Council

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Carries out sentences given to offenders by the courts - both supervises punishment and rehabilitation

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Supervise offenders in custody

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Supervises offenders who are serving their we in the community, including priori have been released on licence- all those who have served up to 2 years in prison must grace at least 12 months supervision by probation

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43 police forces in England and Wales

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example: Children will be better protected from sexual abuse following change to the law making it easier to prosecute criminals who have had sex in front of children for gratification.

This has led to a campaign with the NSPCC.

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mainly focuses on terrorism and immigration

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91 violence and sexual offences prosecuted in Lincolnshire in November 2023

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Exists to ensure people serve their sentences given by courts, both in prisons and on probation in the community.

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HM Prison Service runs all 105 public prisons in England and Wales.

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Probation service work across multiple sites in 12 regions of England and Wales and are responsible for sentence planning, accredited programmes, interventions and unpaid work.

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Makes decisions independently of the police and government

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Help offenders understand their crime and the consequences of it

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[IMPROVED] Describe the relationship of the prison service with other agencies in the criminal Justice System. (7 marks)

THE PRISON SERVICE HAS A RELATIONSHIP WITH MANY OTHER AGENCIES IN THE CJS . ONE OF THESE IS THE POLICE , AS PRISONS HOLD PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ARRESTED, REMANDED INTO CUSTODY AND DENIED BAIL BY THE POLICE AND THE COURTS. A PRISONER CAN BE RELEASED ON PROBATION IF THEY HAVE SERVED UP TO 2 YEARS, AND COULD BE REARRESTED BY THE POLICE IF THEY BREACH THEIR PROBATION. THE CPS LIAISE WITH PRISONS TO REQUEST A PRISONER'S APPEARANCE IN COURT OR OVER VIDEO LINK IN ORDER TO GIVE THEM CHANCE TO ARGUE THEIR OWN OFFENCE, MAKING THE CASE FAIR AND EQUAL TO ANY OTHER OFFENDER THAT HAS COMMITTED A CRIME . THE JUDICIARY ARE THE ONES THAT SEND PEOPLE TO PRISON AND KEEP PRISON AS A SENTENCING OPTION . PROBATION SERVICES HAVE A RELATIONSHIP , AS IF A PERSON FAILS TO KEEP THEIR CONDITIONS , E.G. NOT TURNING UP FOR APPOINTMENTS, THE PERSON MAY BE SENT TO PRISON TO SERVE THE REMAINDER OF THEIR SENTENCE . LINKING BACK TO THE POLICE A ARRESTS MAY NEED TO BE MADE ONCE AGAIN. THE GOVERNMENT CREATES LEGISLATION REGARDING PRISONS AND OFTEN INSPECTS THEM ENSURING ALL RIGHTS ETC. ARE MAINTAINED AND WITH THE MOJ AIM TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC AND REDUCE OFFENDING.

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[ORIGINAL] Describe the relationship of the prison service with other agencies in the criminal Justice System. (7 marks)

THE PRISON SERVICE HAS A RELATIONSHIP WITH MANY OTHER AGENCIES IN THE CJS . ONE OF THESE IS THE POLICE , AS PRISONS HOLD PEOPLE

WHO HAVE BEEN REMANDED INTO CUSTODY AND DENIED BAIL BY THE

POLICE AND THE COURTS . THE CPS LIAISE WITH PRISONS TO REQUEST A

PRISONER'S APPEARANCE IN COURT OR OVER VIDEO LINK . THE JUDICIARY ARE THE ONES THAT SEND PEOPLE TO PRISON AND KEEP PRISON AS A SENTENCING OPTION . PROBATION SERVICES HAVE A RELATIONSHIP , AS IF A PERSON FAILS TO KEEP THEIR CONDITIONS , E.G. NOT TURNING UP FOR APPOINTMENTS , THE PERSON MAY BE SENT TO PRISON TO SERVE THE REMAINDER OF THEIR SENTENCE . THE GOVERNMENT CREATES

LEGISLATION REGARDING PRISONS AND OFTEN INSPECTS THEM ENSURING ALL RIGHTS ETC. ARE MAINTAINED .