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Digital communication - week 2 - group 16

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DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB ASSIGNMENT 5 GROUP 6

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Week 5 assignment- team  - digital comm (1)

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DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB ASSIGNMENT 5 GROUP 6

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Hope all of you are able to open the link

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Sophie Jung (S5595541), Nathalie Larrman (S5561701), Xenia Wiedemann (S5534135), Marielle Artzt (S5636450) and Lina Möller-Bertram (S5589967)

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Sophie Jung (S5595541), Nathalie Larrman (S5561701), Xenia Wiedemann (S5534135), Marielle Artzt (S5636450) and Lina Möller-Bertram (S5589967)

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Topic: Social Media Algorithms.

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Daria Antonescu (S4941977)

Hanna Kozioł (S5699665)

Malgorzata Kuczynska (S5698782)

Stefania Constantinescu (S5512468)

Laura Hartmans (S5696801)

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Lab session 5 - The social power of algorithms - group 13

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This is the voice document.

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This is the assignment.

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LAB ACTIVITY WEEK 5 Create your own digital avatar

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This is the voice document

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This is the voice document.

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We are using Chat GTP 4.0

Theme: recommendation systems for e-commerce

Nathalie Vondrackova, Pepijn Koel, Amelie Brown, Jitze Kienstra, Floris Bokx

Our first prompt was: “what can you tell me about recommendation systems for e-commerce? use approximately 200 words.”

The output was:

“Recommendation systems for e-commerce are advanced algorithms designed to suggest products to users based on various factors, including their browsing history, purchase behavior, preferences, and interactions on the platform. These systems utilize different methods to personalize the shopping experience, aiming to increase user engagement, improve customer satisfaction, and boost sales.

There are three primary types of recommendation systems: collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and hybrid approaches. Collaborative filtering recommends products by finding patterns and similarities among users and their interactions. For instance, if User A and User B bought similar items, the system might recommend products bought by User A to User B and vice versa. Content-based filtering, on the other hand, suggests items based on the features of the products and the preferences shown by the user. It analyzes item descriptions and user interactions to make recommendations that closely match the user's interests. Hybrid approaches combine both methods to leverage their strengths and mitigate their weaknesses, providing more accurate and relevant recommendations.

E-commerce platforms continuously refine their recommendation systems using machine learning and AI to better understand user preferences and adapt to their changing behaviors. This allows for a more personalized shopping experience, leading to higher conversion rates and customer loyalty.”

Although we did like the level of quality of the answer, it was a bit too abstract, especially for people who aren’t that familiar with the topic. So we decided to change the prompt slightly to include two examples of recommendation systems, specifically, the ones from the lecture slides. So our second prompt was:

Second Prompt: “what can you tell me about recommendation systems for e-commerce? use approximately 200 words. you should use the example of Netflix's "because you watched" or amazon's “people also bought” “

The output for our second prompt was as follows:

“Recommendation systems in e-commerce play a crucial role in personalizing the shopping experience, guiding customers towards products they are likely to purchase. These systems analyze a vast array of data, including browsing history, purchase behavior, and item characteristics, to suggest items that meet the user's preferences and needs. By doing so, they enhance customer satisfaction, increase sales, and improve the efficiency of the shopping process.

A prime example of such a system in action is Amazon's "people also bought" feature. This feature is based on collaborative filtering, an algorithm that predicts a user's preferences by compiling and analyzing the behaviors and preferences of similar users. When a customer views or purchases a product, Amazon's system suggests additional items that other customers have bought alongside it. This not only aids in product discovery but also encourages additional purchases by highlighting items that complement what the user is already interested in.

The success of Amazon's recommendation system illustrates the power of leveraging customer data to create a more engaging and personalized shopping experience. This approach is not unique to Amazon; many e-commerce platforms utilize similar systems to drive sales and foster customer loyalty. However, Amazon's implementation serves as a benchmark in the industry, showcasing how data-driven strategies can effectively enhance the online retail environment.”

We liked this product explanation a lot, but we decided to slightly change the output ourselves, by talking about some of the ethical aspects of recommendation systems, since we think that is also an important aspect to take into consideration.

Our final answer is:

“Recommendation systems in e-commerce play a crucial role in personalizing the shopping experience, guiding customers towards products they are likely to purchase. These systems analyze a vast array of data, including browsing history, purchase behavior, and item characteristics, to suggest items that meet the user's preferences and needs. By doing so, they enhance customer satisfaction, increase sales, and improve the efficiency of the shopping process.

A prime example of such a system in action is Amazon's "people also bought" feature. This feature is based on collaborative filtering, an algorithm that predicts a user's preferences by compiling and analyzing the behaviors and preferences of similar users. When a customer views or purchases a product, Amazon's system suggests additional items that other customers have bought alongside it. This not only aids in product discovery but also encourages additional purchases by highlighting items that complement what the user is already interested in.

However, recommender systems in e-commerce raise ethical considerations around privacy, as they often rely on extensive data collection about users' behaviors and preferences, sometimes without consent of the user. This has been an ethical debate ever since recommendation systems have arisen.”

Finally, we made an audio file using ai. For this we used elevenlabs. We didn't have to use a prompt for this. The audio file was of good quality so we didn't make any changes.

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Digital Communication

Lab Activity 4 | Team 26

Carlijn Vrieling - S5737486

Edwin de jong - S5724759

Bo van Leeuwen - S5588537

Kennie Slagter - S5495164

Sem Koekkoek - S4783689

Short memo:

As the head of an international company, we believe that good collaboration within the team is the key part for a good working environment, therefore certain skills are required more than others. We expect that our team is able to understand how certain texts can come across to others. We believe that having clear writing helps to prevent these uncomfortable scenarios.

Dear Team,

Since digital communication is really upcoming, it is important to understand how to use this effectively for our company. This memo is written to explain the key characteristics of writing and communicating in digital environments, so that everyone can do their job as well as possible.

Looking at the activity fields outlined in "Digital Communication and Media Linguistics" by Gnach et al (2023), here are key aspects we find crucial for our team in creating content and writing texts.

Key practices for writing and producing a text for our company are that the text needs to be clear in advertising what our product is. Also, another key part of writing a text is that you, as the author of the text, need to know how the message of your text can be interpreted. It is important to write as clearly as possible so that our message comes across to the reader as best as possible. We don’t want to create any stupid misunderstandings. Another thing that we want from our team is that the text is written for the right audience we want to reach, so that the right people see our texts and we can successfully sell our products.

We also think that our team requires the ability to work together as a team correctly. It is important to make agreements on what each individual does for the text and that each individual does their job neatly and on time. This is important for our team because when writing an advertisement or something else as a team we all are responsible for the end product and making it a success. The last aspect in working together is making sure everyone adheres to the style of our company, everything we produce needs to be in line with each other and it all needs to fit within our brand style.

We believe if we work on these points together, we’ll be able to achieve great success. Without these rules we fear making a bad name for ourselves. For example, we need to make sure that we understand that our brand is known all over the world. Therefore we also need to understand differences of viewpoints between cultures. We need to think about our audience and our message in this case. We might make offenses towards certain groups of people, if we don’t . These sort of scenarios can be prevented easily with these ground rules.

Let's all do our best to implement these things as well as possible, so that we can all help make the company run successfully. Without these rules, we fear that our company

Best regards,

Head of Communication

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Tessa kuipers, Nynke Blankenstein, Pascal Cramers, Timo Geluk, Maartje Barmentlo

Being the Head of Communication in an International Company, Leading Editor in a News Portal or Head of an NGO

Dear Team,

Today I want to share with you the more important aspects of communication in digital environments, which are relevant for our NGO. First of all, digital communication within our organization is all about teamwork. We need each other and should take advantage of everyone’s variety of skills to combine for the best possible digital communication. We must combine the traditional skills like working under pressure, checking facts, etc. with newer skills like working with social media or content creation for digital platforms. Aside from teamwork, everyone in the team should have a digital mindset. This entails thinking creatively and outside the box within the scope of digital communication. It is important to be mentally flexible in the fast changing digital world. For our NGO specifically, it is important to know how to use our digital platforms in order to maintain the best possible relationship with our audience. We are an NGO which is reliant on our relationships with clients to support what we do. It is thus also of essence to interact with our audience on a deeper level to gain the best possible understanding of their needs. And a more practical point, we should have a constant communicative presence on multiple media channels to get our message across well to our audience, the more interaction the more awareness we have for our organization!

It is important to pay attention to the media linguistic mindset. According to Gnach et al. (2022) it is important to comprehend the context of the text you’re writing. This is, among other things, about ‘implementing the product’. Ask yourself the question ‘How do I tease and promote my piece on social media?’ For example, you have written a new article, which is a brochure about help in Africa, we have to make sure everyone gets to see the article. Visibility and effectiveness of the article you write is really important if we want to reach our goal.

Furthermore, I want to ask you to pay attention to ‘controlling’ the structure. How do you improve the interplay across media? There has been a development in professional writing. In the past, a writer wrote his piece in silence and communication with the outside world started from the moment of publication. Nowadays, if a writer wants his piece to be known and received by the public, the writer must ensure that there is a constant communication process across all media channels. (Gnach et al., 2022) This is something I want you to work on as well. If we look again at the example of the piece about Africa, the writer should ensure that brand awareness of the project being written about is created on various media channels, such as Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.

I hope this refresher of our most important features of our communication was useful. I hope to see you all apply them.

Kind regards,

Head of NGO

Reference

Gnach, A., Weber, W., Engebretsen, M., & Perrin, D. (2022). Digital Communication and Media Linguistics: With Case Studies in Journalism, PR, and Community Communication. Cambridge University Press.

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Digital Communication - Assignment week 4 - Group 16

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lab 4 by Team 14

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Daria Antonescu (S4941977)

Hanna Kozioł (S5699665)

Malgorzata Kuczynska (S5698782)

Stefania Constantinescu (S5512468)

Laura Hartmans (S5696801)

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Daria Antonescu (S4941977)

Hanna Kozioł (S5699665)

Malgorzata Kuczynska (S5698782)

Stefania Constantinescu (S5512468)

Laura Hartmans (S5696801)

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Due to the ever evolving digital landscape, journalism now utilizes algorithms to track the consumption habits of consumers and allow targeted publications to flourish, which is typical in our attention economy; for example, demographic data concerning a user’s “age, gender, interests, language, and location” (Lloyd & Toogood, 2015, p. 98) can be collected from a single website visit.

Lloyd, J., & Toogood, L. (2015). Journalism and pr: News media and public relations in the digital age. I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited.

Malgorzata Kuczynska (S5698782)

Laura Hartmans (S5696801)

Bethany Curtis (S5526396)

Ashley Rees (S5727944)

Lora Dimitrova (S5499135)

Thomas de Blaauw (S5733359)

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This chapter discusses the impact of digitalization on journalism and PR by highlighting the new competitive environment, explaining how online content takes a life of it's own and proving the emergence of highly specialized content and concludes that this transition to digital media blurred the lines between advertorial and editorial content.

Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. (2014). How It's Done: The Internet as a Mechanism for a Changed Relationship between PR and Journalism. In: Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. Journalism and PR: News Media and Public Relations in the Digital Age. London: Wiley, 87-114. https://rug.on.worldcat.org/oclc/988801457

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Article 4: How it's Done: The internet as a mechanism for a changed relationship between PR and Journalism.

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Article 4: How it's Done: The internet as a mechanism for a changed relationship between PR and Journalism.

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The given paper (Tauris, 2015) talks about the changes journalism and PR went through along with the digitalization process, and how this aspect affects the ‘attention economy’ (Simon 1994) by creating concepts such as SEO, ‘search engine optimization’ (Tauris, 2015, p. 92), PPC, ‘Pay Per Click’ (Tauris, 2015, p. 92) and how these concepts affected how traditional journalism embraced methods such as adding visual literacy, and especially data literacy in regards to social media posts.

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Due to the ever evolving digital landscape, journalism now utilizes algorithms to track the consumption habits of consumers and allow targeted publications to flourish, which is typical in our attention economy; for example, demographic data concerning a user’s “age, gender, interests, language, and location” (Lloyd & Toogood, 2015, p. 98) can be collected from a single website visit.

Lloyd, J., & Toogood, L. (2015). Journalism and pr: News media and public relations in the digital age. I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited.

Malgorzata Kuczynska (S5698782)

Laura Hartmans (S5696801)

Bethany Curtis (S5526396)

Ashley Rees (S5727944)

Lora Dimitrova (S5499135)

Thomas de Blaauw (S5733359)

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The two main conclusions of this study are native ads use techniques to cover up the fact that they are advertising as much as possible, and national regulatory frameworks and organizational settings heavily influence the way native ads are used.

Sheryl Lokhorst S4984757

Sofia Mehdi S5763894

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How It's Done: The Internet as a Mechanism for a Changed Relationship between PR and Journalism

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How It's Done: The Internet as a Mechanism for a Changed Relationship between PR and Journalism

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This paper began by explaining how journalism is still underdeveloped to a large degree in the digital domain, as opposed to PR, which is now making use of a lot of other media. The paper proceeded to suggest solutions for journalism to further digitalize in light of the new developments in PR.

Lloyd, J., & Toogood, L. (2015). Journalism and pr : news media and public relations in the digital age (Ser. Risj challenges). I.B. Tauris. February 28, 2024,

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The paper explains the impact of “Snow Fall” on  digital longform journalism , using case studies to show how news outlets use its main features to “build a branded sense of symbolic capital” (Dowling & Vogan, 2014, p212).

This can be connected to attention economy, as digital longform features are used to build an audience, to gain the attention of people; instead of it aiming to reach economic benefits, it aims to gain media attention.

Reference: Dowling, D. & Vogan, T. (2014). Can We “Snowfall” This? Digital Journalism 3, 209-224. DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2014.930250.

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Article 4 how it's done: the internet as a mechanism for a changed relationship between PR and journalism

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Article 4 how it's done: the internet as a mechanism for a changed relationship between PR and journalism

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The internet has changed PR and journalism by giving PR direct access to audiences, blurring lines between earned and paid media. Journalists rely more on PR for content, raising concerns about independence. Native advertising further blurs boundaries. Both industries must adapt to maintain integrity and transparency.

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Chapter 4 of the paper focusses on the changing relationship between PR and journalism due to digitalization and the effects that this has on how information is produced, controlled and perceived.

Lloyd, J., & Toogood, L. (2015). Journalism and pr : News media and public relations in the digital age. I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited.

Lina Moeller-Bertram (S5589967)

Marielle Artzt (S5636450)

Xenia Wiedemann (S5534135)

Sophie Jung (S5595541)

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The article is about how human attention is influenced by the digital economy ecosystem, mainly focussed on social media, studied with how it behaves using neurophysiology, neuropsychology and economics.

Giraldo-Luque, S., Aldana Afanador, P. N., & Fernández-Rovira, C. (2020). The Struggle for Human Attention: Between the Abuse of Social Media and Digital Wellbeing. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 8(4), 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040497

Anabel Romeijn

Lola Meeuwisse

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Can we snowfall this?

Dowling, D. & Vogan, T. (2014). Can We “Snowfall” This? Digital Journalism 3, 209-224. DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2014.930250

This paper tries to find different ways which companies implement a model called ‘Snowfall’, use for longform content

Carlijn Vrieling

Edwin de Jong

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PR & Journalism, attention economy: The paper mentions how journalism and attention economy are intertwined.

New forms of journalism: narative advertising is a new form of journalism which cannot be clearly distincted.

Strategic communication and datafication: The paper uses data to find out the communication strategies used in native advertisment.

Literacies: Reader have a hard time distinctiusing between literacies and advertisment, and it the paper tries to find out how to tell them apart

Summary in 1 sentence: Unclear and ill-regulated forms of disclosure are responsible for the reader's troubles in identifying the relatively new format of native advertisement in journalism.

Reference: Ferrer-Conill, R., Knudsen, E.,  Lauerer, C., & Barnoy, A. (2021). The Visual Boundaries of Journalism: Native Advertising and the Convergence of Editorial and Commercial Content. Digital Journalism, 9(7), 929-951, DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2020.1836980

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Modern media is used much more and more easily nowadays, in this, opinions are pushed more, news is posted faster but with the chance of fake news and algorithms are used.

Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. (2014). How It's Done: The Internet as a Mechanism for a Changed Relationship between PR and Journalism. In: Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. Journalism and PR: News Media and Public Relations in the Digital Age. London: Wiley, 87-114. https://rug.on.worldcat.org/oclc/988801457

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This article investigates the visual objects used in native advertisements across different news outlets and how they are created and used internationally. (Conill et al., 2020)

Roshana Vegter s5732107

Mirthe de Rijke S5734649

Iris Agema S5756081

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Concept: The article (Conil et al., 2020) examines native advertising, where promotional content seamlessly blends with editorial content in journalism.

Argument: Native advertising blurs the line between editorial and commercial content, raising ethical concerns about transparency and reader deception.

Focus: Specifically, the authors analyze the visual aspects of native advertising and how they contribute to the convergence of content types.

Ethical Implications: Clear visual cues and disclosure are essential to maintain journalistic integrity and reader trust.

Impact: The practice challenges traditional journalistic principles and may influence editorial decision-making.

Conclusion: Greater transparency and regulation are needed to ensure readers can easily distinguish between editorial and commercial content.

In essence, the article underscores the need for transparency and ethical standards in the face of native advertising's influence on journalistic boundaries.

PR & Journalism:

Native advertising blurs the line between editorial and promotional content, reflecting a strategic move by PR professionals to embed messages within journalistic contexts.

Attention Economy:

Native advertising capitalizes on the need to capture audience attention in a crowded media landscape by seamlessly integrating promotional material with editorial content, aiming to engage readers who prefer authentic and relevant content.

New Forms of Journalism:

The rise of native advertising introduces new challenges for journalists and media outlets, including ethical considerations around incorporating sponsored content and maintaining transparency and credibility amid commercial pressures.

Strategic Communication and Datafiction Literacies:

Media literacy becomes crucial for audiences to discern between editorial and commercial content, especially in digital environments where visual cues can be subtle. Practitioners in strategic communication must prioritize ethical practices and transparent disclosures in native advertising campaigns.

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The study looks at how user attention and social media design interact, highlighting how crucial it is for journalists and public relations specialists to engage audiences. It also criticises the commodification of focus in the attention economy and talks about how new journalism practices and strategic communication must change to sustain public interest and advance digital literacy in an era of addictive social media interfaces. (Santiago, G.-L., Pedro, N. A. A., & Cristina, F.-R., 2020)

Santiago, G.-L., Pedro, N. A. A., & Cristina, F.-R. (2020). The Struggle for Human Attention: Between the Abuse of Social Media and Digital Wellbeing, 8(497), 497–497. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040497

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The article discusses how the longform genre is a way for journalism to respond to the changed balance with PR as a result of digital developments, by keeping consumers' attention for a longer time (Dowling & Vogan, 2014).

Dowling, D. & Vogan, T. (2014). Can We “Snowfall” This? Digital Journalism 3, 209-224. DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2014.930250.

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With the world being digitalized, a lot is changing, including journalism and the relationship between journalists and PR's, in a way which journalism is now more competitive and dependent where organizations are profiting from digital journalism and PR's are noticing an increase in literacy so they are notifying people with their importance seeking a broader approach.

Reference

Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. (2014). How It's Done: The Internet as a Mechanism for a Changed Relationship between PR and Journalism. In: Lloyd, J. & Toogood, L. Journalism and PR: News Media and Public Relations in the Digital Age. London: Wiley, 87-114. https://rug.on.worldcat.org/oclc/988801457

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Digital long-form content offers opportunities to not only gain brand exposure and recognition but also functions as a “cognitive container” (Kiuttu, 2013:21, cited in Dowling (2014)) which holds the reader's attention and prevents them from getting distracted. (Dowling, 2014)

Dowling, D. & Vogan, T. (2014). Can We “Snowfall” This? Digital Journalism 3, 209-224. DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2014.930250.

Kiuttu, Saila. 2013. Integrate Multimedia, Make Fingers Happy: Journalistic Storytelling on Tablets. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Fellowship Paper, University of Oxford

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Amelie Brown (S5061334)

Pepijn Koel (S5332028)

Nathalie Vondráčková (S5763177)

Floris Bokx (S5321107)

Jitze Kienstra (S4891937)

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Week 3 assignment - digital communication - team 4

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Team 6 - assignment 3 - digital communication

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Digital communication - week 3 - group 16