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The extremely contagious respiratory disease COVID-19 is brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and since then, it has quickly spread over the world, sparking a pandemic. When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, respiratory droplets are the main way that the virus spreads.

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The new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19. It is a member of the coronavirus family, which also includes viruses that caused the SARS and MERS outbreaks in the past. A unique spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 makes it easier for the virus to enter human cells.

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Shortness of breath, fever, and cough are typical signs of COVID-19. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, severe pneumonia, and mild respiratory problems are just a few of the complications that the virus can cause. Muscle aches, exhaustion, and loss of taste or smell are possible additional symptoms.

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Rapid antigen testing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used in diagnosis to find the virus. Treatment options range from antiviral drugs like remdesivir for severe cases to supportive treatment for mild occurrences. For patients who are experiencing respiratory distress, hospitalization may be necessary.

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The use of masks, hand cleanliness, social separation, and mass immunization are among the COVID-19 preventive strategies. Vaccines produced by Pfizer, Moderna, and other companies have demonstrated efficacy in lessening the intensity of disease and avoiding hospital stays. Antiviral medications and monoclonal antibodies are other treatment options.

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Effective vaccines have been developed and distributed quickly, which is one of the recent victories in the fight against COVID-19. Pfizer and Moderna's mRNA vaccines, for example, have shown to be highly effective. The development of novel variations that could affect the efficacy of vaccinations and continuous attempts to guarantee vaccine distribution worldwide present challenges.

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Corona Virus Disease-19 pandemic: The gastroenterologists' perspective: 

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Concerns regarding fecal shedding and transmission have been raised by COVID-19's involvement in the gastrointestinal tract during the third coronavirus pandemic. It is changing the way that long-term conditions like inflammatory bowel disease are treated. Because endoscopic operations create aerosols, there is a danger of contamination. For gastroenterologists in the pandemic, the review offers a succinct reference on GI symptoms, medication side effects, IBD care, diet, and endoscopic protocols.

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Renowned immunologist Dr. Kizzmekia S. Corbett was instrumental in the creation of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. She joined the National Institutes of Health's Vaccine Research Center with a Ph.D. in Microbiology and Immunology and a background in biological sciences. A critical first step in developing a successful vaccine, Dr. Corbett's ground-breaking research concentrated on using messenger RNA (mRNA) technology to target the virus's spike protein. Her well-known and significant contributions not only improved the science of viral immunology but were also crucial in resolving the COVID-19 pandemic's global issue.