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1. I believe equality is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to justice. We need to focus more on paying attention to the things people desperately need instead of focusing on what we think they want and making everything the same.
2. This module made me think about gender identity within books and how trans, non-binary, and  LGBTQIA+ members need to be better represented.
3. Fractured Fairytales allow for an imaginative and creative space for people to challenge society's norms and old traditions about how gender is depicted and create something unexpected.

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1. The most important I learned from this module is the distinction between race and ethnicity, and how this distinction effects our society.
2. In this module I learned the difference between words that are commonly used synonymously with each other like equality and equity, sympathy and empathy, etc.
3. The biggest takeaway I have from this module is being able to question if people really want equality or equity.

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1. From Module 2, I learned about equality versus equity and that equality and equity are often used interchangeably but differ meaningfully. Equality is typically defined as treating everyone equally and giving everyone the same opportunities.
2. One's cultural and family background affects their gender identity. Identity may be understood by physical appearances, such as men's short hair and women's long hair, and more inside feelings. Gender roles are an essential part of our society and would provide more expectations, and the pressure of gender stereotypes can often get worst.
3. I learned from M2 the doll test revealed that racism hugely damages white and black children, but in different ways. The first video showed multiple black children answering questions based on the white and black doll.

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1. I learned the differences between race and ethnicity. These two things are related but each goes into detail about the different aspects of people from the physical things that we see to the different customs and languages cultures may have
2. Equality and equity was another one I knew was somehow different but never really discussed so it was great to see how we can use both to improve the lives of those who don't have as many opportunities.
3. I picked up that boys and girls who grow up pick up on society's expectations of each gender and what each gender is supposed to do, whether it be how you dress, speak, or even your future career.

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1. We learned about the different subgroups in ethnicity and how students can find it difficult to find their identity when they don't fit the norm. The professor's story about her childhood and the difficulty she had fitting in was very impactful.
2. Learning the difference between race and ethnicity was very useful. I feel like these terms are used so interchangeably so learning that ethnicity is cultural identity while race is physical aspects was helpful.
3. Being able to create my own fractured fairy fairy tale was fun and provide a more recent twist to popular stories.

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1. the difference between race and ethnicity. Race deals with physical characteristics whereas, ethnicity deals more with cultural impacts
2. equality vs equity. Being born into our communities and families certainly sets us all up for advantages and disadvantages. Equity aims at giving everyone a level playing field so that they can have the same opportunity as everyone else without being held back from what ever disadvantages they were given.
3. fractured fairy tales break the stereotypical roles that are meant to be played by the princess and the prince. They change the narrative that women are damsels in distress that are waiting to be saved by a prince riding on a white horse.

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1. There are subgroups in every ethnicity. This allows for different identities in multiple subgroups.

2. Race and ethnicity are similar yet different. Ethnicity refers to cultural identity while race is more based on skin color.

3. Equity is equally proportional resources/ representation is given in all opportunities
while Equality is being treated equally in every situation.

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Module 2 Takeaways
1. This module taught me the difference between race and ethnicity which was something I was unclear about before. I learned that race was a biological concept, while ethnicity had to do more with culture. Ethnicity was more about what language a person spoke, where they were born, and what their religion is.
2. This module also taught me the differences between equality and equity and how equality might not be as good as it sounds. To properly support the educational needs of low-income students, more money has to be provided to them versus students who are not low-income and do not need that much money. At first sight, this seems unequal but it is considered equitable as it helps the children who are behind catch up to their other peers.
3. The last thing I learned from this module was fractured fairy tales. This was super interesting as we saw examples of popular fairy tales but with twists. One could utilize fractured fairy tales as a way of "fixing" old classic fairy tales that could be filled with sexism/racism.

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1. While they are connected, race and ethnicity are separate ideas. The term "race" describes a person's genetically determined physical traits, such as skin color, hair type, and eye shape. Contrarily, ethnicity describes a person's cultural identity, which may include their country of origin, language, religion, and customs. In other words, although ethnicity is a cultural term, race is a biological one.

2. Although they are frequently used synonymously, equality and equity have some significant differences. Being treated equally and providing equal access to opportunity are two common definitions of equality. Equal representation in those same chances (by race, class, gender, etc.) is referred to as equity.

3. Children's views, attitudes, and confidence are affected by how gender is portrayed in children's books, particularly with regard to their place in society. Children may be intimidated into accepting how they view and interpret the world because of the sexism that is displayed in both male and female characters, which in turn perpetuates gender stereotypes.

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1. Differentiating between Race and ethnicity, are different things but are just as important. Race is typically physically characteristics, while ethnicity is a persons cultural influences.
2.  Gender and sexism can be found early in children's books, leaving negative effects on their future growth and potential.
3. Fractured Fairytails can challenge old stories, creating a new way of viewing them.

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1.  Gender issues in children literature cause representation of how children are intended to act a certain way. It includes the portrayal of gender-specific behaviors and activities, the lack of representation of diverse gender identities and expressions, and the reinforcement of traditional gender roles and stereotypes.

2. Equality vs. Equity are different in important ways. Equality is typically defined as treating everyone the same and giving everyone access to the same opportunities. Meanwhile, equity refers to proportional representation (by race, class, gender, etc.) in those same opportunities.

3. Fractured fairy tales are created to change the traditional roles in a new and different way. Whether its changing the plot or the lead character, its creative to adjust things into something that could be.

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1. Books play a significant part in children learning about their place in society as well as helping them develop their language and social skills.
2. The absence of gender roles, stereotypes, and bias in books is crucial so that kids don't feel pressured to belong to a particular group or role. Instead, they are free to wander, discover, and navigate themselves.
3. Children's book illustrating the effects of gender on kids' perceptions, attitudes, and self-confidence.

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Module 2 (Gender,Sexuality and Equity)

1. I learned the difference between Equity and Equality: Equality is treated all equally regardless of situations. Equity is when proportional representation is present in all opportunities.

2. How strongly gender influences affect children: boys are represented as strong and adventurous. Whereas girls are caretakers and princesses.

3. What a fractured fairy tale is: A fractured fairy tale is when a traditional fairy tale is altered through characters and or setting.

4. I was able to create my own version of a fractured fairy tale

5. I was able to analyze childrens books for gender indifferences.

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1. I learned that within each ethnicity, there are sub-groups. People can identify with one race and identify with multiple sub-groups.
2. I learned the difference between equality and equity, Equality is treating everyone the same. Equity is proportional representation in those opportunities.
3. There are not enough children's books that discuss or introduce different genders. It also leads to stereotypes and biases towards people that identify as a different gender.

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1. Books help children develop language skills, social skills and play a significant part for children learning about their role in society.
2. It is important for books to not have gender roles, stereotypes, and bias in books so that children do not feel as though they need to fit into a certain group or role. Instead they can explore, learn, and find their own way.
3.  We can help guide children in promoting gender equity by asking children to use gender-neutral names in the stories they write and read.

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1. Race is biological concept, while ethnicity is a cultural one.
2. Race is often used to discriminate and oppress people, while ethnicity is a source of pride and cultural identity.
3.In order to achieve equality, policies and procedures may result in an unequal distribution of resources.

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1. Race and ethnicity often get confused with one another. They are similar concepts, yes, but they are not the same. Race is a person's physical characteristics and can include hair color and texture, eye color, skin color, etc.. Ethnicity is how a personal culturally identifies themselves and can include their language, culture, beliefs, and religion.
2. Like race and ethnicity, equality and equity often get confused with one another. Equality means everyone gets the same treatment, whether it benefits them or not, but everyone in this case receives the same treatment. Equity is when someone is given the accommodations or resources that they need in order to succeed.
3. In children's books the way gender is shown is very important. Sexism in books allows for gender stereotypes to be unconsciously taught to young children, and those children may enforce those stereotypes into their beliefs. It is important for books to incorporate "non-traditional" stereotypes in order to fight against gender stereotypes.

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1. Equality vs equity. Equality is when everyone receives the same treatment to be successful. However, even if that is the intention not everyone becomes successful because some struggle just a little more than others. So, there is equity, where everyone receives resources needed to become successful and this area is when some receives more or less than others. This is important because for example, schools in different districts will receive the same resources but it does not always mean they are all being successful. They need to consider what kinds of students they have; they must consider what kids like to learn and what will improve their learning environment better.
2. Gender stereotypes has always been an issue in children literature because of the images displayed in a book. They seem to represent women in the light of being a mother, nurse, princess, scared or weak. Then men would be represented as strong, soldier, or a worker. And not that is bas but it allows for children to become small minded in thinking that they are only limited to what their gender expects. Now when we can include all genders in any field then we can counter the gender stereotypes.
3. Race is someone's physical appearance such as skin color or hair and ethnicity is someone's religion, culture or origin. Race can be discriminated by because of how one may look.

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1.     Race refers to a person’s physical characteristics that relate to genetic inheritance, such as skin color, body shape, eye and hair color. Ethnicity refers to a person’s cultural identities that relate to their national origin, language, habits, and religion.

2.     Equality refers to providing an equality of opportunity for everyone. For example, students who are in the same grade are given the same physical text. Equity refers to depending on a student’s different needs and providing the opportunity or need for the student.

3.     Children’s book showing the way gender impacts on children’s perceptions, attitude and confidence.

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Key takeaways:
1) Children begin absorbing what are in their literature at a young age. It is imperative to begin conversations regarding gender, sexuality, and equity as children grow so they are able to apply knowledge of consent to their everyday lives.
2) Race and ethnicity is a key part of a person's identity. This is why representation is so important since children need to see themselves shown in the media they consume. Since race has been used as a tool to ostracize certain groups, literature can be used to open up minds and encourage inclusive thinking from a young age.
3) Seeing what is not included in many children books highlights that specific tropes are often used in a majority of literature. There are not many examples of LGBTQIA+ characters or non-conventional families in kids books.

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EDUC 121-05
Julianna Clayton
Module 2 Key Takeaways
1) Race and ethnicity are related to one another however they both carry their own distinct concepts. Race refers to a persons physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair texture. Ethnicity on the other hand is going to refer to a persons cultural identity including language, religion and customs.
2) Equality can be defined as treating everyone the same and giving everyone access to the same opportunities. Equity refers to proportional representation in those same opportunities.
3) I also learned throughout this module how prevalent gender biases still are in our children's literature. Lack of smart strong girl hero’s or those who are a part of LGBTQ community.

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1. Equality and equity are often interchangeably used, yet that's not the case at all. Equality is everyone having the same access and opportunities as others, but also everyone being treated fairly and the same. Equity, though, is giving those who are not equal the things they need to be equal. This would be providing healthcare for low income communities or having free access to college, so everyone is allowed to go, not just the wealthy.
2. Gender and sexism are commonly found in children's literature which drives negative impacts among youth, especially young girls who see stereotypes they "must" follow according to society. There's a lot of stereotypes about women being the "damsel in distress" who always need help from a "strong knight in shining armor" AKA a man. This is just one of the various stereotypes we see in our classic children's books.
3. There's not a lot of space for the trans and non-binary community in children's literature as they're simply forgotten or stereotyped in stories. This module can easily tie back to Essay 1 as gender is clearly stereotypical in children's books.

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1. Race is based on physical characteristics and is primarily used to discriminate and oppress other people. Ethnicity is based on someone's connection to a culture and is an actual source of pride and representation.
2. Equality is literally giving everyone the same opportunities, no matter where they first started from. On the flipside, equity is making sure that everyone can reach the same common goal, even if it means that they get more support more than others so that they are at the same footing.
3. The present gender stereotypes found in children's literature, and how they can affect children who are already at an impressionable age. Some examples include that boys need to be strong and that all girls are timid.

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1. Race and ethnicity are two different things. Race is used to discriminate and oppress people, while ethnicity is used as pride and cultural identity.
2. Gender is addressed in a stereotypical manner in children's literatures. Boys are strong or girls dress up pretty and always smell good. There is barely representation of diverse genders such as
transgender, non-binary, or part of the LGBTQ+ community. If we we include all genders, it can lead children to see themselves represented in literature and feel validated.
3.  Equality is treating everyone the same and giving everyone access to the same opportunities; however, equity refers to proportional representation (by race, class, gender, etc.) in the same opportunities. To achieve equity, we can give more resources to the one in need instead of giving everyone equal amounts. I pasted an image here to visually show the difference between equality and equity.

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1. The differentiation between race, ethnicity, and culture are difficult lines to develop and can sometimes be blurry. Module 2 helped to define the lines of differentiation.
2. Sexuality, and gender are challenging topics, especially in a world where different cultural backgrounds and upbringings are so diverse. This topic should be approached with a lot of premeditation to create books applicable to all cultures.
3. Fractured fairytales break the mould of outdated and biased classical fairytales and teach a more open and modern perspective to children.
4. Equality and equity are important issues to focus on as well. These are issues that constantly need monitoring to make sure they are balanced and equitable across the field.

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1. Race is based on physical elements within someone's body such as color, hair, texture, and facial features.
2.Ethnicity is focused on cultural elements for example origin, language, and religion.
3.Equality is when everyone receives the same amount of support or opportunity.
4.Equity is based on giving someone a certain amount of support in order to reach the same outcome as others.

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1. Equality means that the same opportunities exist, for everyone, while equity means having equal representation in those opportunities.
2. Race is based on physical appearance and is ascribed to features people can see, while ethnicity is the heritage someone belongs to.
3. Children don't all have the same access to educational resources based on where they live.