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In this article relating to Death/Grief/Loss by Science Daily, When a parent dies suddenly, most children and teens experience grief that fades over time, but some have increased or prolonged grief reactions that may increase the risk of depression and inability to function normally, according to a new report. They suggest that interventions which focus on prolonged grief be developed for these young people, as well as for those with increased grief reactions at nine months after the parent's death. This article can help address uncomfortable conversations about the effects of a loved one’s death and the long lasting impact it can have on children. Teachers can help children learn about this topic by starting a grief support club for those who have dealt with grief before and can give ways they handled it.

JAMA and Archives Journals. (2011, September 7). Grief reactions subside in most children and teens whose parent dies suddenly, but may persist or increase in some cases. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110906183111.htm

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Grief reactions subside in most children and teens whose parent dies suddenly, but may persist or increase in some cases

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When a parent dies suddenly, most children and teens experience grief that fades over time, but some have increased or prolonged grief reactions that may increase the risk of depression and inability to function normally, according to a new report.

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In this article relating to Preventing Tobacco Use by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the rates of cigarette smoking and tobacco use is still at a high percentage and many populations are seeing the effects of using tobacco products. Many of those seeing the effects are younger people, with an estimated 8.7% of 8th graders and 15.1% of 10th graders, and 24.8% of 12th graders reported any nicotine use in the past 30 days. Most people who use tobacco started during adolescence, and those who begin at a younger age are more likely to develop nicotine dependence and have trouble quitting. Any exposure to nicotine among youth is a concern. The adolescent brain is still developing, and nicotine has effects on the brain’s reward system and brain regions involved in emotional and cognitive functions. This article information can be addressed in the classroom by having students see the effects of tobacco on those who are similar to their age. Students can gather facts and information and notice the harmful effects of tobacco use. It is essential for teachers to know about this topic so they can stay informed that many young students will develop a nicotine addiction at a young age and will need guidance and support on how to quit.

NIDA. 2021, August 3. Introduction. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/introduction

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In 2014, the Nation marked the 50th anniversary of the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. In 1964, more than 40 percent of the adult population smoked. Once the link between smoking and its medical consequences-including cancers and heart and lung diseases-became a part of the public consciousness, education efforts and public policy changes were enacted to reduce the number of people who smoke. These efforts resulted in substantial declines in smoking rates in the United States-to half the 1964 level.

However, rates of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use are still too high, and some populations are disproportionately affected by tobacco's health consequences. Most notably, people with mental disorders-including substance use disorders-smoke at higher rates than the general population. Additionally, people living below the poverty line and those with low educational attainment are more likely to smoke than those in the general population. As tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of mortality in the United States, differential rates of smoking and use of other tobacco products is a significant contributor to health disparities among some of the most vulnerable people in our society.

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Introduction | National Institute on Drug Abuse

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In 2014, the Nation marked the 50th anniversary of the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. In 1964, more than 40 percent of the adult population smoked. Once the link between smoking and its medical consequences-including cancers and heart and lung diseases-became a part of the public consciousness, education efforts and public policy changes were enacted to reduce the number of people who smoke.

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In this article relating to Intentional Injury and Violence by CBS News, it is very telling about the effects of recent gun violence on children and their families. A group of moms decided to stage a protest in Kansas City on Thursday to coincide with the 24th anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting. Ennis said her 8-year-old daughter recently woke up from a nightmare about guns, reflecting the fear and trauma that gun violence inflicts on children. Knoblauch said she prays every time she drops her children off at school that it's not the last time she sees them. This article can be addressed in the classroom by showing how many families are beginning to take matters into their own hands through protesting. Many students may be able to relate to this article, through knowing how worried their families may be when they arrive at school each day. This article can also be a good example about how you can use your voice for important subjects such as gun violence. Teachers can help educate students on gun violence in schools; what they can do (sending letters to government officials, attending protests) and what to do if they feel there may be a threat of gun violence to their own community. CBS News. 2023, April 21. Moms form "Lives on the Line" group as gun violence fears become daily reality for parents. Retrieved from

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/moms-lives-on-the-line-group-kansas-city-protest-gun-violence-fears-parents/

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/ CBS News

A group of moms decided to stage a protest in Kansas City on Thursday to coincide with the 24th anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting. They spent several weeks planning, not expecting that the recent shooting of teenager in Kansas City would thrust their community into the national debate on gun violence.

The protest was the first major event organized by "Lives on the Line," a group Sara Ennis, Anna Simpson, Annie Noll and Eileen Knoblauch formed after the Nashville school shooting three weeks ago. They believe if they don't speak up, they're part of the problem.

"We don't have enough White people who are willing to stand up and say: this is not right," Simpson said.

Knoblauch said she prays every time she drops her children off at school that it's not the last time she sees them.

"Lives on the Line" stretches across district, state and party lines, demanding an end to gun violence. And many women who attended its protest on Thursday were demonstrating for the first time.

"So many women out here today - this was their first protest," Noll said. "They'd never done anything like this, and it felt scary and uncomfortable. And we want other moms like us to get uncomfortable about this."

A recent CBS News poll found thatof parents say their children are worried about gun violence.

Ennis said her 8-year-old daughter recently woke up from a nightmare about guns, reflecting the fear and trauma that gun violence inflicts on children.

With gun control gridlock in Washington, many states are taking matters into their own hands - in both directions. This week, Washington State will become the 10th state to ban assault weapons, while Florida recently signed a bill allowing permitless concealed carry of firearms, becoming the 26th state to do so.

In Tennessee, representatives just passed a law protecting gun manufacturers against lawsuits.

States with the weakest gun laws, such as Kansas, Missouri, New Hampshire, Kentucky, Alaska, Arizona, Oklahoma, Wyoming, South Dakota, Montana, Georgia, Idaho and Mississippi, have gun death rates that are three times higher than states with strong restrictions, such as California, New York, Hawaii, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Illinois.

And as gun sales have spiked, so have gun homicides.

This week, there was another startling act of gun violence. A witness said 6-year-old Kinsley White and her parents were shot by a neighbor in Gastonia, North Carolina, when some children went to retrieve a basketball that rolled into his yard. Kinsley's father was still in the hospital Friday morning. Robert Singletary, a 24-year-old, was later arrested and charged with attempted murder.

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Moms form "Lives on the Line" group as gun violence fears become daily reality for parents

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CBS News A group of moms decided to stage a protest in Kansas City on Thursday to coincide with the 24th anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting. They spent several weeks planning, not expecting that the recent shooting of teenager in Kansas City would thrust their community into the national debate on gun violence.

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In this article relating to Personal Health and Wellness by Science Daily, A new study suggests the rise in mental health disorders in children and teens is attributed to a decline over decades in opportunities for them to play, roam and engage in activities independent of direct oversight and control by adults. Although well intended, adults' drive to guide and protect children has deprived them of the independence they need for mental health, contributing to record levels of anxiety, depression, and suicide among young people. This article pertains by teaching health to children by explaining the effects of what it can look like for children to not receive proper support when gaining their independence at younger ages. To help expand on this topic, children can come up with ways that parents can allow for their child to work on their independent play while maintaining a safe distance. Florida Atlantic University. (2023, March 9). 'All work, no independent play' cause of children's declining mental health. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230309101330.htm

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Anxiety and depression among school-aged children and teens in the United States are at an all-time high. Sadly, in 2021, child and adolescent mental health was declared a national emergency. Although a variety of causes are thought to contribute to this decline in mental health, a new study by three prominent researchers specializing in child development points to independent "child's play."

Findings, published in the Journal of Pediatrics, suggest that the rise in mental health disorders is attributed to a decline over decades in opportunities for children and teens to play, roam and engage in activities independent of direct oversight and control by adults. Although well intended, adults' drive to guide and protect children and teens has deprived them of the independence they need for mental health, contributing to record levels of anxiety, depression, and suicide among young people.

"Parents today are regularly subject to messages about the dangers that might befall unsupervised children and the value of high achievement in school. But they hear little of the countervailing messages that if children are to grow up well-adjusted, they need ever-increasing opportunities for independent activity, including self-directed play and meaningful contributions to family and community life, which are signs that they are trusted, responsible, and capable. They need to feel they can deal effectively with the real world, not just the world of school," said David F. Bjorklund, Ph.D., co-author and a professor in the Department of Psychology in Florida Atlantic University's Charles E. Schmidt College of Science.

The study also showed that children's freedom to engage in activities that involve some degree of risk and personal responsibility away from adults also has declined over the decades. Risky play, such as climbing high into a tree, helps protect children from developing phobias and reduces future anxiety by boosting self-confidence to deal with emergencies.

Among the many constraints that impact independent activity in children today identified in the study include increased time they spend in school and on schoolwork at home. Between 1950 and 2010, the average length of the school year in the U.S. increased by five weeks. Homework, which was once rare or nonexistent in elementary school, is now common even in kindergarten. Moreover, by 2014, the average time spent in recess (including any recess associated with the lunch period) for elementary schools was just 26.9 minutes a day, and some schools had no recess at all.

"A major category of independent activity, especially for young children, is play," said Bjorklund. "Research, as well as everyday observation, indicates that play is a direct source of children's happiness."

The researchers suggest the increase in school time and pressure to achieve over decades may have impacted mental health not just by detracting from time and opportunity for independent activities but also because fear of academic failure, or fear of insufficient achievement, is a direct source of distress.

"Unlike other crises, such as the COVID epidemic, this decline in independent activity, and hence, mental wellbeing in children has crept up on us gradually, over decades, so many have barely noticed it," said Bjorklund. "Moreover, unlike other health crises, this one is not the result of a highly contagious virus, but rather the result of good intentions carried too far -- intentions to protect children and provide what many believed to be better (interpreted as more) schooling, both in and out of actual schools."

For the study, Bjorklund and co-authors Peter Gray, Ph.D., lead author and a research professor in the Department of Psychology at Boston College; and David F. Lancy, Ph.D., professor emeritus in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Utah State University, summarize the large decline over decades in children's opportunities for independent activity; a large decline over the same decades in young people's mental health; effects of independent activity on children's happiness; and effects of independent activity in building long-term psychological resilience.

The article concludes by noting that concern for children's safety and the value of adult guidance needs to be tempered by recognition that, as children grow, they need ever increasing opportunities to manage their own activities independently. The article suggests ways by which this can be accomplished in today's world and ways that pediatricians, family doctors, and public policy makers can help promote such change.

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child psychology; child development; k-12 education; educational psychology; educational policy; poverty and learning; public health; stem education

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'All work, no independent play' cause of children's declining mental health

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A new study suggests the rise in mental health disorders in children and teens is attributed to a decline over decades in opportunities for them to play, roam and engage in activities independent of direct oversight and control by adults.

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Safety & Preventing Unintentional Injury

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Safety & Preventing Unintentional Injury

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In this article relating to Safety and Preventing Unintentional Injury by Science Daily, the following suggestions are to parents on how they can ensure their child is safe before, during and after their school bus ride. Many injuries happen when children are boarding or exiting the bus. A blind spot extends about ten feet in front of the bus, obstructing the driver's view. Children should arrive at the bus stop at least five minutes before the bus is expected to arrive. Early arrival helps children avoid running across the street to catch the bus or running after the school bus if it has already left the bus stop. This article can be addressed in the classroom by having students observe how daily tasks such as getting on and off the school bus should not be overlooked. It is essential for teachers to know about this topic in order to inform students and their families about the importance of teaching children bus and road safety. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. (2014, July 28). Parents need to talk to their children about school bus safety at the start of the school year. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140728153642.htm

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Parents need to talk to their children about school bus safety at the start of the school year

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According to the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, from 2001 through 2010, 1,368 people died in school transportation-related crashes -- an average of 137 fatalities per year. "As families begin to prepare for children returning to school, it's important for parents and children to go over school bus safety tips together," says Dawne Gardner, injury prevention coordinator, Comprehensive Children's Injury Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

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In this article relating to Physical Activity by Science Daily, Regular physical activity can improve adolescents' mental health and help with behavioral difficulties, research suggests. Engaging in regular moderate to vigorous physical activity at age 11 was associated with better mental health between the ages of 11 and 13, the study found. They found that higher levels of moderate or intense physical activity had a small but detectable association with decreases in depressive symptoms and emotional difficulties. This article can be addressed in the classroom by giving children the idea that physical activity can help improve their mind and body, and benefit them in ways that they may not have known about. Teachers can help children learn about this topic by having children keep a log of their physical activity over the weekend and how it helps them improve their daily routines.

University of Edinburgh. (2023, March 1). Physical activity can help mental health in pre-teen years. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230301210307.htm

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Physical activity can help mental health in pre-teen years

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Regular physical activity can improve adolescents’ mental health and help with behavioral difficulties, research suggests. Engaging in regular moderate to vigorous physical activity at age 11 was associated with better mental health between the ages of 11 and 13, the study found.

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In this article relating to Healthy Eating by the National Institute of Health, the importance of vitamin D is expressed and why we need it, as well as how we can obtain more vitamin D. Getting enough vitamins and minerals is important for your health, and there’s a long list of essential ones. Vitamin D is one you may hear a lot about. It helps your body absorb calcium, a mineral your body needs to build strong bones. Your heart, muscles, and nerves also need vitamin D. Even your immune system uses vitamin D to fight off germs. You can get vitamin D from the sun and from your diet. Your body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to the sun, which gives off UVB light. This article pertains to teaching students about health by showing how healthy eating can allow us to receive the right vitamins we need to stay healthy and fight of sickness. To help children expand more on this topic, teachers can have students list many ways we can gain important vitamins we need and why they are extremely important. This can also help tie in that healthy eating brings a lot of benefits. NIH. 2023, April. Digging into Vitamin D. Retrieved from

https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/04/digging-into-vitamin-d

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All About the "Sunshine" Vitamin

Getting enough vitamins and minerals is important for your health, and there's a long list of essential ones. Vitamin D is one you may hear a lot about. It helps your body absorb calcium, a mineral your body needs to build strong bones. Your heart, muscles, and nerves also need vitamin D. Even your immune system The system that protects your body from invading viruses, bacteria, and other microscopic threats. uses vitamin D to fight off germs. But just how much do you need?

"We actually need only small to moderate amounts of vitamin D, not mega-doses," says Dr. JoAnn Manson, a vitamin D expert at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University.

Current guidelines recommend adults get 600 to 800 IUs (international units) of vitamin D each day. Those amounts are very important. Not getting enough can lead to serious health issues. Children's bones can't develop properly without enough vitamin D. In adults, a long-term deficiency can lead to fragile bones, or osteoporosis.

It's important to make sure you get enough vitamin D. But scientists are finding that more isn't always better.

Where to Get It

You can get vitamin D from the sun and from your diet. Your body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to the sun, which gives off UVB light.

But many people don't go outside enough to get all the vitamin D they need this way. Other factors, such as clothing and sunscreen, can block how much vitamin D your skin makes when you're in the sun.

How much melanin you have also plays a role. Melanin is a pigment that gives your skin color. Higher melanin levels cause darker skin complexions. The more melanin you have, the less vitamin D you can make from sunlight. This may put you at potential risk for vitamin D deficiency.

Sunlight exposure isn't the only way to get vitamin D. Vitamin D is found naturally in some foods, like fatty fish. It's also added to many dairy products and other fortified foods (see the Wise Choices box).

With so many potential sources, most people in the U.S. aren't at risk for vitamin D deficiency. But getting enough vitamin D from foods can be difficult for some. These can include breastfed infants and people with certain gut problems that limit how nutrients are absorbed.

Older adults can be at risk of vitamin D deficiency, too. "As we age, our ability to make vitamin D in the skin declines," says Dr. Sarah Booth, a nutrition researcher at Tufts University. Older adults may also be less likely to get outdoors.

Experts don't recommend screening healthy people for vitamin D. But if you're in a high-risk group, talk with a health care professional. Vitamin D levels can be measured with a blood test. Vitamin D supplements are sometimes recommended for very low levels.

Is More Better?

Although most people get enough vitamin D to avoid deficiencies, researchers have long wondered if adding extra vitamin D could be good for overall health. Many studies have linked higher levels of vitamin D in the blood with healthier outcomes.

Manson and her team conducted a large clinical trial, called VITAL, to see whether vitamin D supplements could lower risk for some health problems. They compared health outcomes for over 25,000 people in the U.S. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: half were given vitamin D supplements and half were given a placebo (an inactive pill that looked similar).

After five years, both groups had the same risk for most of the health problems studied. These problems included heart disease, cancer, depression, and bone fractures.

"So, the vast majority of healthy people did not benefit from vitamin D supplements," Manson says. "But we didn't find any risk from the 2000 IUs per day that we tested."

Other studies have also shown that taking moderate doses daily is safe over the long term. "However, at higher doses you're going to have to start to worry about risks," Manson warns. The upper daily limit for vitamin D is 4,000 IUs daily. Consuming more can lead to side effects like kidney stones, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness.

Too much vitamin D is almost always a result of taking too many supplements. But for people who can't get enough vitamin D from the sun or their diet, vitamin D dietary supplements in moderation can help prevent a deficiency.

Finding New Uses

Scientists continue to study how vitamin D can help people, since it plays a role in many of the body's functions.

Manson's team is following up on their findings in VITAL that suggest taking vitamin D supplements may lower the risk for developing an autoimmune disease A condition in which the body's disease defense system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues. or advanced cancer. They're also testing whether vitamin D can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, severe COVID symptoms, and Long COVID.

Booth and her team recently found that older adults with more vitamin D in their brains had a lower risk of dementia. But the study couldn't tell whether vitamin D caused the lower risk. Her team is now doing more research to better understand how vitamin D affects brain health.

She thinks the answer is likely to be complicated. "Vitamin D is important," Booth says. "But there's no evidence that a single nutrient will slow cognitive Related to the ability to think, learn, and remember. decline or prevent Alzheimer's disease."

Another research team, led by Dr. Sushil Jain at Louisiana State University, is investigating the connection between diabetes, vitamin D, and a molecule called glutathione. Glutathione helps the body use vitamin D efficiently.

Black Americans have a relatively high risk of both vitamin D deficiency and diabetes. They're also more likely to have low levels of glutathione. Jain's team is testing if boosting both glutathione and vitamin D levels can help prevent diabetes in Black study participants.

For now, most people concerned about vitamin D would get the greatest benefit from living a healthy lifestyle, Manson explains. This includes getting outside, being physically active, not smoking, and eating a variety of healthy foods rich in vitamin D.

"A dietary supplement will never be a substitute for a healthy diet or a healthy lifestyle," she says.

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All About the "Sunshine" Vitamin Getting enough vitamins and minerals is important for your health, and there's a long list of essential ones. Vitamin D is one you may hear a lot about. It helps your body absorb calcium, a mineral your body needs to build strong bones.

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In this article relating to Mental and Emotional Health by Science Daily, Researchers have found that adolescents who report strong relationships with their parents have better long-term health outcomes. Study findings suggest that investments in improving parent--adolescent relationships could help improve general health, mental health and sexual, health while also reducing substance use in young adulthood. In this study, the researchers looked at characteristics such as reported parental warmth, communication, time together and academic expectations as assessed when the participants were between 12 and 17 years old. When those same participants were 24 to 32 years old, they reported on current levels of stress, depression, optimism, nicotine dependence and substance abuse, and other measures of general health. This article pertains to teaching health to children by helping them understand the importance of healthy family relationships and boundaries, and the long influential impact that it may have on them. Teachers can introduce this topic to children by having them come up with examples of how having healthy relationships with the ones they live with can impact them in a positive way.

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. (2023, March 21). Researchers find strong adolescent-parent relationships lead to better long-term health outcomes in young adults: Based on thousands of adolescents who were followed over a period of more than a decade, this new work represents one of the largest studies on parent-adolescent relationships. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230321112658.htm

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Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have found that adolescents who report strong relationships with their parents have better long-term health outcomes. Study findings, published today in JAMA Network Open, suggest that investments in improving parent-adolescent relationships could help improve general health, mental health and sexual, health while also reducing substance use in young adulthood.

Prior research shows that positive characteristics of parent-adolescent relationships are associated with improved mental health, sexual health and overall general health, while also reducing the risk of substance abuse and cardiovascular issues. However, these studies have often been limited by small sample sizes, short-term outcomes, differing measures for parent-adolescent relationship characterstics, lack of diversity, and a focus only on relationships with mothers rather than relationships with mothers and fathers.

To help address these issues, this study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Reseachers tested whether adolescents' reports of specific, measurable characteristics of their relationships with mother- and father-figures with whom they live were linked to health outcomes measured 14 years later. The researchers looked at data from more than 15,000 adults who were initially enrolled in the study in the mid-1990s when they were between 12 and 17 years old.

"Our goal was to establish a clearer understanding of how different characteristics of mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships might be associated with a wide range of favorable outcomes in young adulthood," said senior study author Carol A. Ford, MD, Chief of the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine and the Orton P. Jackson Endowed Chair in Adolescent Medicine at CHOP.

In this study, the researchers looked at characteristics such as reported parental warmth, communication, time together and academic expectations as assessed when the participants were between 12 and 17 years old. When those same participants were 24 to 32 years old, they reported on current levels of stress, depression, optimism, nicotine dependence and substance abuse, and other measures of general health. The study controlled for age, race, ethnicity, family structure and other factors and separated the data based on relationships with mother and father figures who lived in the home. More than 10,000 participants were analyzed for the study.

The study found that participants who reported higher levels of mother-adolescent and father-adolescent warmth, communication, time together, academic expectations, relationship or communication satisfaction and inductive discipline reported significantly higher levels of general health in young adulthood. Similarly, they reported significantly higher levels of optimism and romantic relationship quality, and lower levels of stress and depressive symptoms as young adults. Higher levels of adolescent-reported parental warmth, time together and relationship or communication satisfaction were also significantly associated with lower levels of nicotine dependence and substance abuse in young adulthood as well as lower odds of unintended pregnancy.

"The overall pattern of these results suggests strong relationships between adolescents and their mothers and fathers leads to better health and well-being in young adulthood," Ford said. "Efforts to strengthen parent-adolescent relationships may have important long-term health benefits."

This study was supported by grant 60721 from the John Templeton Foundation to the Research Core of the Center for Parent and Teen Communication at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. This study was also supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services under grant T7IMC30798 Leadership Education in Adolescent Health. Research was also supported by grant P2C HD050924 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

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teen health; children's health; mental health research; health policy; child psychology; mental health; child development; parenting

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Researchers find strong adolescent-parent relationships lead to better long-term health outcomes in young adults: Based on thousands of adolescents who were followed over a period of more than a decade, this new work represents one of the largest studies on parent-adolescent relationships

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Researchers have found that adolescents who report strong relationships with their parents have better long-term health outcomes. Study findings suggest that investments in improving parent--adolescent relationships could help improve general health, mental health and sexual, health while also reducing substance use in young adulthood.