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Correlations between lab bench to bedside (contemporary topic)

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Correlations between lab bench to bedside (contemporary topic)

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In the 19th - 21st centuries, there was rise in cohesive, comphrehensive and translational care. Physicians are not just treating sick people but also play a hand in research. A part can be traced back to Raymond de Vieussens (1641-1715).1 Vieussens was among the first anatomists to use autopsy-based methods in his research, correlating clinical findings from patients during their lifetimes with post-mortem observations to establish the concept of pathologic anatomy, which bridged the gap between anatomical research and clinical conditions.1 We are also seeing a more intentional collaboration of these field thought medical scientist training programs or MD/pHD programs.

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The influence of Thomas Willis on Raymond de Vieussens

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The influence of Thomas Willis on Raymond de Vieussens

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Raymond Vieussens(1641-1715), depicted in the picture above, was greatly influenced by the works of Thomas Willis (1621-1675), a British anatomist who wrote about the brain and nervous system, documented in Cerebri Anatome (1664) and Pathologiae Cerebri et nervosa (1667).¹ Willis' Cerebri anatome, published in 1664, was the first to use the term "neurology" and described the nervous system, including the "circle of Willis" and eleventh cranial nerve.² Vieussens spent the next decade studying the details of the nervous system, dissecting 500 human cadavers in the process. His hard work led to the publication of Neurographia Universalis in 1684, which compiled his findings on the nervous system.¹

source:
(1) Sousa, D. S. G. D., & Vasconcellos, L. F. M. (2021). Global trends in research on Parkinson's disease from 1999 to 2018: a bibliometric analysis. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83408-6.

(2)Royal College of Surgeons of England. (2020, October 27). Thomas Willis' Cerebri Anatome (1664). Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/library-and-publications/library/blog/thomas-willis-cerebri-anatome-1664/

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Raymond Vieussens publishes Neurographia Universalis in 1684. This publication was a comprehensive study of the nervous system which included the function and structure of the brain, spinal cord, muscles and nerves split into 3 parts. It remained a key reference for over a hundred years as it was the first complete work on nervous system anatomy.¹

The image above² is a scan of his publication, published Montpellier, France. This was where is was a professor of medicine and anatomy.1 The work paved the way for many future discoveries in neuroscience.³

Source:
(1) Vieussens, Raymond. Neurographia Universalis. Montpellier, France: Moynel, 1685.

(2) Swann Auction Galleries. "MEDICINE -- VIEUSSENS, RAYMOND. Neurographia universalis ... Editio tertia."

(3)Nauta, Walle JH. "The Legacy of Vieussens' Neurographia Universalis." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, vol. 5, no. 1-2, 1996, pp. 5-16.

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Neurographia Universalis Volume 1: The Brain

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Neurographia Universalis Volume 1: The Brain

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This was an illustration from Neurographica Universalis (1684). In this volume of Neurographia Universalis, Vieussens he writes "De distinctis duabus cerebri substantiis" translated to "The 2 Distinct Substances of the Brain".¹ By distinct substance he means white and gray matter, mainly highlighting the texture differences between the two.¹ He also provided a great detail about the corpus callosum (he called it "vernal fornix") by identifying that it was a structure of white matter connecting the 2 halves of the brain. Vieussens claimed that the "animal spirit" was conveyed from white matter to the centrum ovale to the spinal cord.1

Source: (1) Armand, L., & Langevin, P. (2012). The historical and anatomical discovery of the lateral ventricles of the brain. Journal of Neurosurgery, 117(6), 1070-1076. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.JNS12480

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This is also an illustration from Neurographica Universalis (1684). As mentioned earlier, Vieussens wrote there was a distinction between grey and white mater. He demonstrated this by observing that the gray matter of the brain was softer than the white matter when boiled in oil.1 Vieussens also noted that the white matter of the brain is connected together with many fibers and organized into multiple groups, which also concluded that the distinct groups were not homogenous. He was only able to determine this after the brain had been boiled in oil.1

Source: (1) Armand, L., & Langevin, P. (2012). The historical and anatomical discovery of the lateral ventricles of the brain. Journal of Neurosurgery, 117(6), 1070-1076. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.JNS12480

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The research methodology of Vieussens was based on human dissection experiments, and he was seen as an anatomist following the footsteps of his predecessors from the 17th century. But in the second half of his career, he was more inclined to autopsy-based findings after receiving royal patronage, leading to pathologic anatomy emerging as a popular trend in the 18th century and Vieussens being considered a vital link between the scientific revolution of the 17th century and remarkable advances in anatomy during the 18th century.1 The article linked primarily takes about his research methods in relation to cardiology but his techniques were adopted and inspired other scientists for the study of all types of anatomy.

source: (1) Lee, J. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2021). The life and legacy of Raymond Vieussens (1635–1715): Pioneer of cardiologic anatomy. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases and Journal of the French Society of Cardiology, 14(2), 108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.08.002.

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Raymond de Vieussens (1641-1715): connoisseur of cardiologic anatomy and pathological forms thereof

Sanjib Kumar Ghosh , Ananya Priya , Ravi Kant Narayan

Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India

Correspondence to:Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
E-mail: drsanjib79@gmail.com

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Raymond de Vieussens (1641-1715): connoisseur of cardiologic anatomy and pathological forms thereof

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Sanjib Kumar Ghosh , Ananya Priya , Ravi Kant Narayan Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India Correspondence to:Sanjib Kumar Ghosh Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, IndiaE-mail: drsanjib79@gmail.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Reymond de Vieussens would be there best historical figure to walk us through the mini Museum since it is primarily about his life and the interactions that lead to some of the greatest discoveries.

He would be able to filled in the gaps between his life and make senses of the pieces we learn from other sources.

In 1670, he graduated with his MD. Vieussens was a prominent French physician whose exceptional work in the field of medicine earned him great recognition in Europe. His contributions, including meticulous accounts of the anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, were highly valued during his time.¹ In 1706, he authored "Nouvelles Découvertes sur le Coeur," an insightful book that expounded on the intricate anatomy of the lymphatic system and blood vessels of the heart. To this day, Vieussens is celebrated for his vast contributions to multiple areas of medicine, and his remarkable legacy endures through the many eponyms named after him, which originated from his initial descriptions.¹

Source:

(1)Budelmann, E. U. (2008). Hearing in nonarthropod invertebrates. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 194(9), 791-810. doi: 10.1007/s00359-008-0361-0