# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In-text citations guide - Do - Information sheet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Referencing guide  - Do - Information sheet

# data[].attributes.body
Double-check your references to ensure that they are accurate and complete. Make sure that you have included all the necessary information and that your formatting is consistent throughout.

# data[].attributes.body
Author(s). … (year of publication) … Title … [Type of resource] … Available at: URL address … [Accessed: date of access]
Example:

Hazel, H. (2021). WHAT’S IN MY HOSPITAL BAG?! Packing for Labour and Delivery UK 2021: BABY #3. [online video]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_g6gFhIDN0 [Accessed: 15 Mar. 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Author(s). … (year of publication) … Title of blog … [Type of resource] … Available at: URL address … [Accessed: date of access]
Examples:

Lymn, J. (2020) 30 at 30: Dean’s Blog - School of Health Sciences. [online blog]. Available at: https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/healthsciences/2020/10/07/30-at-30-deans-blog/ [Accessed: 15 Mar. 2021].

# data[].attributes.headline
Internet source with author or organisation

# data[].attributes.subject
Internet source with author or organisation

# data[].attributes.body
author … (year of publication) … title … Publisher … source
Example:

World Health Organisation (WHO). (2021) Devastatingly pervasive: 1 in 3 women globally experience violence.  WHO, [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/09-03-2021-devastatingly-pervasive-1-in-3-women-globally-experience-violence [Accessed: 15 March, 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Country, … Department … (year of publication) … Title of report … [reference number] … Place of publication: … Publisher
Example:

Great Britain, Department of Health and Social Care. (2021) Integration and Innovation: working together to improve health and social care for all. [CP 381]. London: The Stationery Office.

# data[].attributes.body
Report’s authors or Organisation … (year of publication) … Title of report … [reference number] … [online] … Available at: URL address … [Accessed: date of access]
Example:

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2021) Safeguarding adults in care homes. [NG189]. [online]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng189 [Accessed: 15 March, 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Author(s). … (year of publication) … Title of article … Newspaper name … Date published … [online] Available at: URL address … [Accessed: date of access]
Example:

Weston, P. (2021). NHS to use world’s most expensive drug to treat spinal muscular atrophy. The Guardian, 08 March. [online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/mar/08/nhs-use-worlds-most-expensive-drug-treat-spinal-muscular-atrophy-zolgensma [Accessed: 15 Mar. 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Author(s). … (year of publication) … Title of article … Newspaper name … Date published … page(s) start-end
Example:

Findlay, S., Peel, M. and Mancini, D. P. (2021) India deals blow to global COVID fight by blocking vaccine exports. Financial Times, 26 March, p1.

# data[].attributes.body
Author 1, initials., Author 2, initials., Author 3, initials. and Author 4, initials. … (year of publication) … Title of article. … Journal title, … Volume (issue number), … pages start-end … [online]. Available at: URL address … [Accessed: date of access]
Example:

Clark, P.A., Nguyen, J., Zheng, S., Jenkins, T., Cramer, R. and Nguyen O. (2019) The Vaping Epidemic and its Implications in Tobacco Regulation. The Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethic, 13(1), 1-15 [online]. Available at: https://ispub.com/IJLHE/13/1/54741 [Accessed: 15 March, 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Author, initial (including multiple authors) … (year of publication) … Title of book … edition no. … [online] Publisher … Available at: URL … [Accessed: date].
Example:

Pauwels, L. and Mannay, D. (eds.) (2020). The Sage Handbook of Visual Research Methods. 2nd ed. [online]. SAGE Publications, Inc. Available at: https://www-doi-org.ezproxy.nottingham.ac.uk/10.4135/978152 [Accessed: 15 March, 2021].

# data[].attributes.body
Author 1, initials., Author 2, initials., Author 3, initials. and Author 4, initials. … (year of publication) … Title of article … Journal title … Volume (issue number) … pages start-end
Example:

Bakker, D., van Leeuwen, R. and Roodbol, P. (2021) Ethical considerations regarding the inclusion of children in nursing research. Nursing Ethics, 28(1),106-117.

# data[].attributes.body
Author 1, initials., Author 2, initials., Author 3, initials. and Author 4, initials.  … (year of publication) … Title of book. … edition no … Place published: … Publisher
Example:

Lister, S., Hofland, J. and Grafton, H. (2020) The Royal Marsden Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 10th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

# data[].attributes.body
Author 1, initials. and Author 2, initials. … (year of publication) … Title of article … Journal title … Volume (issue number) … pages start-end.
Example:

Andrews, N.J. and Phillips, A.J. (2021) Community nurses' support for patients with fibromyalgia who use cannabis to manage pain. British Journal of Community Nursing, 26(2), 92-98.

# data[].attributes.body
Author 1, initials. and Author 2, initials … (year of publication)  … Title of book. … Place published: … Publisher
Example:

Stein, L. and Hollen, C. (2020) Concept-based Clinical Nursing Skills. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

# data[].attributes.body
Author, initials. … (year of publication) … Title of article … Journal title … Volume (issue number) … pages start-end
Example:

Coad, J. (2020) Capturing the Impact of the Children's Nurse Clinical Academics during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 43(2), 88-91.

# data[].attributes.body
Author, initials. … (year of publication) … Title of book. … Place published: … Publisher
Example:

Holland, L. (2018) The Nurse's Guide to Mental Health Medicines. London: Sage Publishing.

# data[].attributes.body
The first time the citation is used, all three authors need to be identified, then subsequently list only the first author and use the abbreviation ‘et al.’ meaning ‘and others’.

1st time of use:

Lister, Hofland and Grafton (2020) explore a wide range of clinical nursing procedures.

2nd and subsequent uses:

Lister et al. (2020) explore a wide range of clinical nursing procedures.

# data[].attributes.body
If the e-book has page numbers, then use these as if it was a paper copy. If there are no page numbers, then you need to indicate how far through the book the quote is. There are a couple of ways you could do this:

Percentages: (Smith, 2020, 50%) eg 50% would be exactly halfway.

Chapters: (Smith, 2020, ch 2) the quote would be from chapter 2.

# data[].attributes.body
If there is no author identified, you can use the abbreviation 'Anon' to mean anonymous.
Example

An update on immunization recommendations states that all children should be offered the triple MMR vaccine (Anon., 1998).

# data[].attributes.body
Where-ever the citation is used (including the first time), use the ‘et al.’

1st and subsequent uses:

Drover et al. (2019) discuss the risk of chest infections in wind instrument musicians.

# data[].attributes.body
Stein and Hollen (2020) has produced an excellent guide to developing your clinical skills knowledge.

OR

Understanding the process is an essential component in developing nursing skills (Stein and Hollen, 2020).

# data[].attributes.body
Holland (2018) discusses mood stabilising medications …

OR

A patient's mood can be supported with medications (Holland, 2018).

# data[].attributes.body
You have already done your referencing prefectly!

# data[].attributes.headline
Step 4: Format the Reference List or Bibliography

# data[].attributes.subject
Step 4: Format the Reference List or Bibliography

# data[].attributes.body
Make sure to properly format your reference list or bibliography according to the guidelines provided in the UoN Harvard Referencing Guide.

This involves alphabetizing your sources, using consistent formatting, and including all necessary information.

# data[].attributes.headline
Step 3: Create the reference list or bibliography

# data[].attributes.subject
Step 3: Create the reference list or bibliography

# data[].attributes.body
At the end of your work, include a reference list or bibliography that provides a complete citation for each source you have referenced. Use the format provided in the UoN Harvard Referencing Guide to ensure that your references are complete and accurate.

# data[].attributes.body
Short quotations are those under 20 words and need to be written as part of the text in the paragraph, but surrounded by quotation marks.

Longer quotations are more than 20-25 words. These need to be written separately in their own paragraph and indented.

Where a direct quote is given, the origin of the quote should be acknowledged including the page number of the document at the end of the citation.

(Author, year of publication, page no.)

The first priority is to "Treat people as individuals and uphold their dignity" (NMC, 2015, p6).

# data[].attributes.body
In a citation, it is the author and year that is required (NB direct quotes also require a page number).

If included as part of the sentence, then: Author (year of publication).

At the end of the sentence that summarises the text taken, it's inside parentheses: (Author, year of publication).

Important: Initials/first name(s) of the author DO NOT appear in the citation.

# data[].attributes.body
Follow the guidance provided in the UoN Harvard Referencing Guide to correctly format the citation for the type of source you are referencing.

There are in-text citations and direct quotations.

# data[].attributes.headline
Step 1: Identify the type of source you want to reference

# data[].attributes.subject
Step 1: Identify the type of source you want to reference

# data[].attributes.body
The Harvard Referencing Guide covers a range of sources, including books, journal articles, websites, and more. Identify the type of source you want to reference so you can locate the correct section of the guide.

# data[].attributes.body
What Referencing is

Why Referencing is Important

# data[].attributes.body
If you use someone else's work or ideas without acknowledgement, you are effectively stealing these as your own. This is known as plagiarism and is a serious academic offence.

On a more positive note, appropriate referencing shows an ability to analyse and apply suitable information sources. You will be given credit for this.

Other reasons include:

That it allows you to support your discussion points by referring to the work of others

It allows your work to be judged against published information.

It places your work in a broader context.

And it allows others to find further information that will be useful to them

# data[].attributes.body
Whenever you refer to information from another source in your work, be that factual information, a quote, or someone else's views or theories, you must acknowledge where the information came from. This acknowledgement is a reference.

Referencing consists of two parts: a citation to the work within the main body of your text and a list of references at the end. Harvard and APA follow the same principles of having parenthetical in-text citations and an alphabetical referencing list.

# data[].attributes.headline
Step-by-step: How to use the UoN Harvard Referencing Guide

# data[].attributes.subject
Step-by-step: How to use the UoN Harvard Referencing Guide

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Referencing Tool - School of Health Sciences - The University of Nottingham

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Referencing provides an ability to quickly refer back to the source of the literature you are using to write about your topic. If you need to refresh your knowledge of what and why you need to use references, then please click on the two podcasts to hear a brief explanation.