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All information was obtained from PowerPoints, lectures, handouts, and our textbook.

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Direct acting- acetylcholine pilocarpine (Pilocar) bethanechol (Urecholine)
Alpha 1 adrenergic blockers- prazosin (Minipress) terazosin (Hytrin) doxazosin (Cardura)
Beta adrenergic blockers- Nonselective nadolol (Corgard) propranolol (Inderal) timolol (Blocadren)
Selective Beta 1 Blocker- atenolol (Tenormin) metoprolol (Lopressor)

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Adrenergic agonist- epinephrin (Adrenalin)
Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists- ephedrine & phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Beta 1 adrenergic agonist- dobutamine
Beta 2 adrenergic agonist- formoterol (Foradil) albuterol (Proventil/Ventolin) terbutaline (Brethine)
Cholinergic blockers- atropine dicyclomine (Bentyl) ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

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Cholinergic drugs stimulate muscarinic receptors (highlighted in orange) and mimic PSNS responses or block cholinergic receptors to mimic SNS effects

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Adrenergic drugs stimulate adrenergic receptors (highlighted in orange) and mimic SNS responses or mimic PSNS responses

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End organ responses when stimulated by ACh

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End organ responses when stimulated by ACh

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Arteries- none
Heart- decreases rate (muscarinic)
GI Motility and secretions- increase (muscarinic)
Pupil- constriction (muscarinic)
Respiratory passages, lower- bronchoconstriction (muscarinic)
Urinary bladder wall- contraction (muscarinic)
Urinary sphincter- relaxes (muscarinic)

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End organ responses when stimulated by NE & EPI

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End organ responses when stimulated by NE & EPI

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Arteries- vasoconstriction (vasodilation for coronary arteries, skeletal muscle arteries, and cerebral arteries) (Alpha 1)
Heart- increased rate (beta 1)
GI Motility and secretions- decreased (alpha 1)
Pupil- dilation (alpha 1)
Respiratory passages, lower- bronchodilator (beta 2)
Urinary bladder wall- relaxes (beta 2)
Urinary sphincter- contraction (alpha 1)
Uterus (pregnant) body- relaxes (beta 2)
Uterus (pregnant) outlet- contraction (alpha 1)

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Alpha 1- blood vessels

Beta 1- heart

Beta 2- lungs

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Muscarinic- cardiac, smooth muscle, & glands

Nicotinic 1 (Nn)- Ganglia of parasympathetic nerves & sympathetic nerves

Nicotinic 2 (Nm)- Somatic, Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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ACH is released at the preganglionic neuron and NE is released at the end of the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic system.

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ACH is released at the end of the preganglionic neuron and at the end of the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic system.

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NE & EPI

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(cholinergic)

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(Adrenergic)

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ACH