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They in fact DID were allowed, and chose to fight in the war!! However the US did segregate them into units led by white officers.  20,000 african american men enlisted, and 1,300 of them were trained by the US., and France organized a few units and as they did fight, they did so with courage and skill.

https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/edu-home/edu-topics/588-americans-at-war/4992-african-americans.html

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WW1 was the first war women could officially serve in! 11,000 women enlisted in the war as clerks, pharmacists, nurses, and photographers

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworldwar.org%2Flearn%2Fwomen&psig=AOvVaw0jTmHn1Zfa3uSlgEx275Ut&ust=1608054238862000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPjy0YGDzu0CFQ

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At the beginning of WW1 only 100,000 me had volunteered, which was most definitely not enough. Not to mention they were skilless, and ill-equipped to fight in Germany.
However the Selective Service Act flipped the 100,000 men to 10,000,000 men!

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-congress-passes-selective-service-act

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The Selctive Service Act gave the president of the US the power to draft soldiers into the war.
It also required all men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register to serve or to help with military services. This Act was signed into law on May 18, 1917.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-congress-passes-selective-service-act

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American troops had somehow attracted the nickname Doughboy.
This happened because the troops were always covered in white adobe dust, and because of how inexperienced they were, thus making them look like doughboys!

https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/wwi/doughboys

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This message was telling those who couldn't enlist to donate money to help the country with ammunition, travel, aid, and labor pay.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/posters-sold-world-war-i-american-public-180952179/

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The AEF, was also known as the American Expedentiary Force.
This force was an idependent army during WW1.
The AEF was led by General John J. Pershing. Their first attack and/or offense was on September 12, 1918. The success of that attack was a major turning point in the war.

https://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_pershing_1.html

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The Spanish Influenza impacted America's ability to build the military because the virus itself, was killing more American troops than enemy fire was.
The virus sickened 20-40 % of American army and navy personnel. It also didn't help that the military camps were so overcrowded that the camps became a hotspot for the virus.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862337/#:~:text=The%20virus%20traveled%20with%20military,U.S.%20Army%20and%20Navy%20personnel.

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This poster was telling the viewers of that they wanted them to enlist to help in the war.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/posters-sold-world-war-i-american-public-180952179/

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This poster was telling men to “Step in your place” Which in my opinion was making them think it was THERE duty to serve in the war to protect their country.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/posters-sold-world-war-i-american-public-180952179/