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The Taino, whose origins were of the Arawak Tribe of the Orinoco Delta (a delta of the Orinoco River in Eastern Venezuela) come to settle on the island of Hispaniola, which is now known as Haiti and the Dominican Republic, amongst other dwellers who had already made it their home. They cultivate yuca, sweet potatoes, maize, beans, and other crops as their culture flourishes.

I found this information important to put on the timeline since it reveals the year which the Taino first came to settle on the Caribbean islands, and what they did before Columbus' arrival.

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Columbus arrives at the island of Hispaniola, and the Taino welcome him warmly. At the time, there were five Taino chiefdoms and territories, each led by a Cacique (chieftain), to whom the tributes were paid. Ayiti ("land of high mountains") was the Taino word for the mountainous area of Hispaniola, which later retained its name Haiti from the French.

I found this information important to put on the timeline because it shows the Taino's original name for what is now Haiti, and shows the flourishing society of the indigenous people at the time of Columbus' arrival.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Columbus established the first intentional European settlement in Hispaniola, and named it La Isabela. Its purpose was to assert European dominance over the natives, and it was surrounded by a wall with a fortified storehouse at one end and Columbus' citadel at the other.

I thought this information was relevant because it shows how unhesitatingly Columbus claimed the land for himself even though the natives had already established their home on it. It shows the oppression they've had to endure from the instant the white settlers arrived.

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Several caciques joined up to start the first major conflict to happen in modern day Puerto Rico after the arrival of Columbus. They rebel against the oppression of the Spaniards. The caciques included Agüeybaná II, Arasibo, Hayuya, Jumacao, Urayoán, Guarionex and Orocobix, and they rallied with the Caribs to try to overthrow the Spanish. However, their revolt was suppressed by the Indio-Spanish forces of Juan Ponce de León. One of the chieftains, Hatuey, was burned at the stake the year after.

I found this information relevant because it shows that before the Haitian Revolution, there was another attempt to overthrow the white oppressors but it failed, making the success of the Haitian Revolution still more significant.

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The first outbreak of smallpox in Hispaniola is brought on by the European invaders, for which the Taino had no immunity nor cure. The 1518 smallpox epidemic swept away 90% of the natives who had not already been killed.

I thought this information relevant because it shows another terrible way the invasion of the Europeans impacted the Taino natives of Hispaniola. This was the first outbreak of sickness among the Taino.

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A chieftain named Enriquillo led a successful rebellion with 3,000 Taino natives. These Taino were given land and a charter from the royal administration. Despite the presence of Spanish military, the Taino had most of the control over the region.

I found this information relevant because it shows that there was a successful rebellion raised by the Taino before the Haitian Revolution, and that the Taino were able to take back at least some of their land from the Spanish.

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Due to genocide, inhumane treatment, enslavement, sickness, and torture, the population of Taino natives dropped to fewer than 500. Documents from the 1530s shows letters from Spain asking the governor, "how many Indians are left?" the answer was "none."

This information is relevant because it shows that hardly fifty years after Columbus' arrival, the population of natives that had grown for thousands of years was completely wiped out.

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Attempts to create a quasi-indigenous Taino identity begin in 1840, in the rural areas of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. This endeavor accelerated among the Puerto Rican community in the U.S. in the 1960s.

I find this information relevant to the timeline because it shows the people's firm hold on their cultures and identities even after the years of oppression and violence their ancestors had suffered. It shows how the Taino identity did not die with the people, but survived in the hearts of the descendants.