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Nurturing contrasting perspectives allows us to develop a more accurate view of the reality.

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Nurturing contrasting perspectives allows us to develop a more accurate view of the reality.

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Action: discovering
Consequence: development

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When moving to a new cultural environment, nurturing contrasting perspectives is the key to adapting.

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When moving to a new cultural environment, nurturing contrasting perspectives is the key to adapting.

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Action: obtaining, shaping

Consequence: adaptation

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Confirmation of objective reality can be reached through nurturing contrasting perspectives.

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Confirmation of objective reality can be reached through nurturing contrasting perspectives.

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Action: inquring
Consequence: confirmation

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- AOK: history
- WOK: memory
- TOK: interpretation, evidence, reliability, bias

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- AOK: human sciences
- WOK: language
- TOK: culture, belief, personal knowledge

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- AOK: mathematics
- WOK: reason
- TOK: truth, pattern, theory, justification, explanation, shared knowledge (collective intelligence)

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Claim 4: Contrasting perspectives enrich the diversity of cultural life such as literary or artistic productions.

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Claim 4: Contrasting perspectives enrich the diversity of cultural life such as literary or artistic productions.

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- AOK: the arts
- WOK: sense perception
- RLS: diverse genres of musics, movies, books, etc. are available to us because different perspectives exist and the artists nurture them.

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In mathematics, there are diverse correct approaches for one single question. Once in my math class, my peer and I were arguing about whose method is correct when we got a same answer. And our math teacher told us that both of us have a correct process that leads to a true statement. Then we realized that the fact we had the same answer was proving each other's method correct, not wrong.
"It is better to solve one problem in five different ways, than to solve five problems one way." - George Polya

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When I moved to Peru, I faced various conflicting perspectives. For example, what people value here is different from what people value in Korea. Here, balancing life through exercising, doing hobbies, traveling, etc. is considered very important while in Korea, studying is the number one priority for the students. This was a brand new lifestyle for me and a culture shock in a sense. However, I accepted that "it is not wrong, it is just different." and adapted to a contrasting way of life.

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9th grade Humanities class was the first time when I learned a contrasting perspective of Christopher Columbus. I was informed that he enslaved the indigenous people and brutally treated them. And in fact the America is not "discovered" by him. Before learning that, I have viewed Columbus solely as a hero.
"History is written by the victors." - Winston Churchill, which is why some past events and historical figures appear in books as important while others are ignored.

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Understanding that my own method is not the only correct one and that there are various ways to solve a single problem requires overcoming the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is believing that I am smarter than I really am, without recognizing my incompetence. Through this, mathematicians like me can have a broader knowledge gained by a combined capacity to solve problems instead of being limited to a single approach. When one was not sure if its method is correct, he or she can compare that to what others have found and check if that follows the pattern. In other words, different perspectives help validating one's point of view through comparison. Also, the more methods we know, the easier it becomes to tackle the questions which is valuable not only to the mathematicians but also to the any problem solvers in the world.

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I had to get rid of the confirmation bias which is favoring information that matches up to my existing beliefs and disregarding evidence that does not. If I were blocked by the confirmation bias and chose to be restricted to my own perspective instead of nurturing contrasting points of view, it would have been much harder for me to adjust to this new cultural environment. In addition, there would have been a limitation to what I could gain and learn through the extraordinary experience in Peru. In other words, I could not have made the best use of all the opportunities given to me. Fortunately, I was able to be open-minded and nurture different frames of mind, and this enabled me to learn a new language, make many friends, be part of a community, etc. Nurturing contrasting perspectives truly broadened my horizons.

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Historians can and do disagree. However, that causes a hindrance to the transparency of what had really happened in the past. As a mere student, the only resource I had was a history book which was written by a certain group of people. And the authors decided which historical events and figures to include or not based on their own perspectives. As I learned more and more about history, I realized that there are tons of excluded events and figures that definitely shaped, or at least affected, the modern society. However, I felt the anchoring bias which is the tendency to rely heavily on the very first piece of information I learn. Once I believe something is true, then it becomes hard to break that pre-existing thought and accept contrasting perspectives although they enable me to get closer to the reality.

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Claim 5: Tolerating contrasting perspectives is an important value that we should keep in mind throughout our lives.

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Claim 5: Tolerating contrasting perspectives is an important value that we should keep in mind throughout our lives.

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- AOK: ethics
- WOK: intuition
- RLS: racism is caused by being restricted to only one perspective which believes that its own race is the most superior.

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Being restricted to one's point of view exclusively, without accepting contrasting perspectives, traps oneself into its own small world which inhibits any further personal growth or development.

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Being restricted to one's point of view exclusively, without accepting contrasting perspectives, traps oneself into its own small world which inhibits any further personal growth or development.

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Yes, there is a limit to one's ability to process information due to cognitive biases. However, I believe that we can overcome this limit through nurturing contrasting perspectives : )