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The Jesuits are banned from all Spanish Kingdoms by King Charles III of Spain due to the threat they posed to the Roman Catholic Church and the Spanish throne. This led to a major displacement of Jesuits regardless of age, class, or health. Many Criollos who had been educated in Jesuit Schools were outraged by this decision and responded with violent protests.

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Motin de Esquilache by Francisco de Goya ca. 1767

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Notably difficult years for New Spain's economy marked by rising inflation and stagnant wages

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A subsistence crisis led to starvation and disease in New Spain causing thousands of deaths.

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Napoleon invaded Spain which was already in a rocky position politically.

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Spanish authorities searched the house of Epigmenio Gonzalez where they found a number of guns and ammunition leading to his arrest.

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Following Epigmenio's arrest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla calls church members for a revolution in a speech known today as "El Grito de Dolores."

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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is executed by Spanish authorities.

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Spain agrees upon the new Constitution of 1812 which grants colonies representation, but not equal citizenship.

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The guerilla army led by José María Morelos encircles Mexico City.

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Congress meets in Chilpancingo on Morelos' request. Here they declare New Spain independent and draft a new constitution.

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King Ferdinand VII is restored to power and Spain where he abolishes the 1812 Constitution.

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Morelos is captured and executed by Spanish forces as a traitor.

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Spain restores the Constitution of 1812 following military revolts.

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Plan de Iguala was issued gurateeing Mexico a constitutional monarchy, Roman Catholicism would have a religious monopoly, and the abolition of the caste system.

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Santa Anna rode through the streets of Veracruz with his troops calling for a republic to be established.

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Jose Antonio Echaverri proclaims the Plan de Casa Mata with the support of both his and Santa Anna's followers.

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By pressure of the rebel army, Ierbide abdicated his throne.