# data[].attributes.body
Time and Space
Choose 3 out of these 6 questions to answer and reflect on how it relates to our reading and understanding of Hughes' work.

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a literary text?

I think the use of correct cultural and historical context in a literary text gives it substance and meaning. Implementing culture and history in a poem, however, is extremely difficult because you have to bend the words somehow to convey the purpose and message of the poem. When you do accomplish this feat, it is worth every bit of time and effort because it is easier for the audience to understand and relate with the work. Not only that, but studies have proven that people are more likely to remember reality rather than fantasy.

1. How do we approach literary texts from different times and cultures to our own?

2. To what extent do literary texts offer insight into another culture?

Literary texts are powerful ambassadors carrying even more powerful messages about culture(s). Many texts that I have read have talked about things in context of their culture, a culture that I have no experience in. After reading those texts, I had a vague idea of what their culture consisted of but even then, because the poem was not directed towards informing the audience about their culture but  rather using their culture to carry a message, it was difficult for me to grasp their culture completely. SO while I think that literary texts offer some insight into another culture, unless the whole text is dedicated to informing about the culture, there is only so much words can do.

1. How does the meaning and impact of a literary text change over time?

Most literary texts are purposely written to be relevant to the time or era in which they were made. For example, Langston Hughes was a prominent writer in the era of the Harlem Renaissance, which was not only an explosion of black culture and intelligence but also a time filled with Jim Crow Laws, racism, and hardships for the black population. As a result , most of the works that Hughes produced were indicative of the hardships that black people had to endure and the oppressiveness of the white population. These works were also written with a certain style that included words/phrases that are no longer in use today. As a result, it is easy for the literary text to be interpreted differently today than it was meant to be originally interpreted. This could also result in the work having a different impact on the audience than was intended. All in all, the meaning and impact of a literary text can change dramatically over time because each generation of people is what validates the saying "In with the old, out with the new."

1. How do literary texts reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?

2. How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

# data[].attributes.body
Directions and Resources:

Ideas:

Texts:

Reflections:

Questions:

# data[].attributes.body
4 Corners Discussion

# data[].attributes.body
Readers, Writers, Texts
1. Why and how do we study literature? Why do we study TTTC?

We study literature to become more knowledgeable, delve into deeper thinking, and improve as a human being by finding our own unique interpretation and meaning in the text. We study TTTC because it teaches us not only about war and its effects, but also about moral conflicts and life lessons that are important to think about to grow and expand our perspective on life.

2. How are we affected by literary texts in various ways? How are we impacted by TTTC?
No literary text is the same. They all have different ideas, themes, messages, and purposes. So, different books teach and impact us on different things. For example, a book like The Giver speculates on the concept of a utopian society with no pain, and that impacts us by teaching us that pain is inevitable and thus someone must bear it. In the case of TTTC, it impacts us by revealing the truth about war- how everything is true and yet nothing is true. How stories supercede death and keep soldiers alive. There are numerous themes and lessons but those are some of the more prominent ones.

3. In what ways is meaning constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted in TTTC?
Meaning is constructed through small vignettes that each have a different purpose and theme, and these are expressed as little stories or flashbacks that O'Brien recounts, sometimes in third person and sometimes in first. TTTC is interpreted as a half fictional/half nonfictional piece that shows what true war was really like.

4. How does the structure of style of TTTC affect its meaning?

The broken up structure of TTTC provides numerous lessons/truthss/themes because each chapter has its own purpose and message. It affects its meaning by allowing for more diverse and unique interpretations of the text.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Readers, Writers, Texts

1. Why and how do we study literature?

2. How are we affected by literary texts in various ways?

3. In what ways is meaning constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted?

4. How does language use vary among literary forms?

5. How does the structure or style of a literary text affect meaning?

6. How do literary texts offer insights and challenges?

2. Time and Space

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a literary text?

2. How do we approach literary texts from different times and cultures to our own?

3. To what extent do literary texts offer insight into another culture?

4. How does the meaning and impact of a literary text change over time?

5. How do literary texts reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?

6. How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

3. Intertextuality

1. How do literary texts adhere to and deviate from conventions associated with literary forms?

2. How do conventions and systems of reference evolve over time?

3. In what ways can diverse literary texts share points of similarity?

4. How valid is the notion of a “classic” literary text?

5. How can literary texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

# data[].attributes.body
Practice Analyzing Extracts
Selecting and Annotating Extracts

# data[].attributes.body
Attach some 40 line extracts you have analyzed and may want to use for your IO.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach your two 40 lined extracts you used for your Mock IO as well as any other 40 line extracts you might want to use for your real IO in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach your 40 line extract you used for you Mock IO as well as any other 40 line extracts you might want to use for your real IO in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Culture, Identity, and Community

1. family, class, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender and sexuality, and the way these impact on individuals and societies. migration, colonialism and nationalism.

2. Beliefs, Values and Education

1.  beliefs and values nurtured in particular societies and the ways they shape individuals, communities and educational systems. They might also explore the tensions that arise when there are conflicts of beliefs and values, and ethics.

3. Politics, Power, and Justice

1.  explore aspects of rights and responsibilities, the workings and structures of governments and institutions. They might also investigate hierarchies of power, the distribution of wealth and resources, the limits of justice and the law, equality and inequality, human rights, and peace and conflict

4. Art, Creativity, and the Imagination

1.  explore aspects of aesthetic inspiration, creation, craft, and beauty. They might also focus on the shaping and challenging of perceptions through art, and the function, value and effects of art in society.

5. Science, technology and the environment

1.  explore the relationship between humans and the environment and the implications of technology and media for society. They might also consider the idea of scientific development and progress.

# data[].attributes.body
Brainstorm some global issues developed from TTTC.

LOSS- loss of identity, loss of inncence, loss of lives, etc
SELF CONTROL- Mary Anne is unable to control her appetite for VIetnam, Rat Kiley is unable to control his grief and shoots Baby Buffalo.
FEAR- the power of fear and how it decides the actions of many individuals.

# data[].attributes.body
What were some global issues you explored in Beloved? Consider memory, trauma, importance of community, etc. The more detailed you are, the more useful this will be for your IO.
Some global issues that I explored in Beloved is getting stuck in the past(Both Sethe and Paul D stand out as characters that are depicted as trying to face their past and overcome it, They are always haunted by their memories and they both have their own unique defense mechanisms), losing faith(Baby Suggs lost faith in God as she experienced the death of one of her own grandchildren and the loss of Halle. She stopped going to the clearing and making calls and just lay in bed and thought about colors), and poisonous guilt(Sethe almost dies because of what she does when she realizes that Beloved is her long lost daughter- overwhelmed with guilt, she does everything for beloved, spoiling her to the point where Sethe is like a host and Beloved is a parasitic leech sucking out her life force.)

# data[].attributes.body
What were some global issues you explored in Hughes' poetry?
Some global issues I explored in Hughes' poetry was discrimination, racism, poverty, and many more. I feel like Hughes works could be interpreted in many ways, and if you really look into the core of his poems, it is easy to connect the works to different global issues as we see fit. The global issue I did my IO on was the affect of the past on the present and I feel like that was one of the easier global issues to connect to his poetry as a whole.

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 1 & 2 & 3

# data[].attributes.body
Reflection
How did you do during the Harkness discussions?
I think I did quite well for my first "real" harkness, and I was happy with the input I provided in our discussion and how it seemed to create a sort of foundation for others to build on.
Notes
Ideas discussed I want to remember:
I want to remember the global issue of loss and how it is inevitable in war. What is not inevitable is how different people deal with it- we cannot generalize based on one account.

# data[].attributes.body
Readers, Writers, and Texts

1. How does the structure or style of a literary text affect meaning? Consider how Morrison's stream-of-consciousness, shifting points of view, and use of analepsis and prolepsis impact the meaning of the novel.

I think the structure and style in which a literary work is written has a substantial impact on the meaning that it conveys. For Morrison, especially in chapters 22-23, she makes use of a style of writing called stream of consciousness, in which Beloved's thoughts are communicated to the reader in a continuous and flowing line defying conventional grammatical rules. This style , while hard to decipher and even harder to understand, conveys a realistic and therefore more powerful experience of slaves in general and their "brokenness" due to slavery. Not to mention, Morrison does not forget to utilize analepsis and prolepsis in her writing, as most of the 20- something chapters consist of analepsis where the events that happened in the past are recounted in vivid detail. Prolepsis goes well in hand with analepsis, by providing the necessary viewpoints of the characters and their feelings.

Time and Space

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a literary text? Consider the story of Margaret Garner, the Fugitive Slave Act, and other historical and cultural phenomena and how that has impacted the creation and reception of Beloved.

I think all literary texts have some basis in fact but in Beloved, cultural and historical context is especially important because it is based on a real life event concerning a runaway slave- Margaret Garner. Of course, using her story as a basis for Beloved meant Morrison had to talk about events that were related to her life, including the Fugitive slave acts and general slave tendencies. I think the fact that Beloved has a basis in fact makes it extremely powerful as a literary text as it is the truth, and the truth is often more powerful than lies(fiction.) This is reflected in the readers perceptions of this book, as they have no choice but to succumb to being educated of slavery and therefore mortified at slavery and the dirty past that America never talked about.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach your Google Slide and notes for your Hexagonal Harkness here.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflection
How did you do during the Harkness discussions? What feedback did you receive?
We did well during the Harkness discussions and more importantly, we were able to improve in participation, clarity, communication, critical thinking, and building off of each others ideas with each subsequent Harkness. I did receive some constructive criticism which was extremely helpful as without it I would not have known what I was lacking, I found that I lacked in the area of building off of others ideas the most just because I found it hard to connect my ideas to others. However, as time passed and I participated in more Harkness discussions, I was able to learn how to better construct my words to convey my ideas whilst making them relevant to others' ideas.
Notes
Ideas discussed in Harkness I want to remember:
Some ideas discussed in Harkness I want to remember is the different symbols that my peers came up with for each poem. Some of the symbols I could have never imagined but because others were sometimes more well versed in a subject compared to me, I was able to share their perspectives and consequently open my eyes to the symbols/representation that I was unable to see before.

# data[].attributes.body
How does TTTC connect to other works we've read?

How does TTTC connect to our world today?

# data[].attributes.body
Summer Assignment (Link Here)
TTTC Harkness Evaluation(Link Here)
Vietnam Slides (Link Here)

"On the Rainy River" Analysis Paragraph (Link Here)

# data[].attributes.body
What connections can you make between some of Hughes' poems?
A general connection that I was able to see between most of Hughes poems was the allusion to Christianity and an extended metaphor succeeding said allusion. God was depicted as a savior someone to be held up and revered in almost all poems while some even directly referenced famous stories in the bible like the Exodus in "Ballad of the 7 Songs"
How does Hughes' poems connect to other works we've read?
We have read "The Things They Carried" so far and that was about war, love, pain, etc. Hughes' poems were mainly about the undesirable African American situation back in the 1900s. While these two works did not have much in common, something that they both connected in was life's hardships. In the end, both of the authors were talking about hardships .
How does Hughes' poetry connect to our world today?
I think that Hughes' poetry is still relevant today because a lot of his works were about segregation, Jim Crow Laws, and an overall unequal gap between white people and black people. In other words, he was depicting the racist American society back in his times. Recently, BLM, a movement to abolish systemic racism in America, has been gaining tons of momentum because of recent police brutality acts where black people were killed/unequally treated by cops. Technically, although segregation, discriminations, etc. is illegal now, racism still exists and therefore acts as another hardship for black people to endure. Since Hughes' works were about the hardships the black population had to face, it is still relevant to day because they are still facing similar hardships.

# data[].attributes.body
Why do humans read and write stories? Why do you read and write stories?  Write about a paragraph.

# data[].attributes.body
Denver or Paul D One-Pager
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TOPnuX7R8J83pjPk52Wouh80_7tJN-FJE7EwmQ9tauk/edit?usp=sharing
IO Outline Form https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AClU2m6h3FxbrDHMHNLLWKFa_bc-447RItGAZIRIt7k/edit?usp=sharing
Optional Mastery Opportunity Essay (Link Here)

# data[].attributes.body
Hughes Writing Portfolio Week 1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/13tEg6jSZQifizszfquTYr1BWof9SzjZQ87EKnuyQ2cE/edit?usp=sharing
Hughes Writing Portfolio Week 2 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LZcxARwf_jL8jTEhVkqH23yHp0RVbTX70EcZ9fjI9mI/edit?usp=sharing
Hughes Pastiche
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y2H2eBqqHcuqEQfBgnP09USKkTe6Nn6FnCx2gybwIp4/edit?usp=sharing
IO Outline Form
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L0BHizLkFB6N5Ugt1BP1wgotpdB6sYoUhW4r5yhWgT8/edit?usp=sharing
Hughes' Written Assignment
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZSp4kHSTfJYY9vTE8e5ncsmk7g_usLoxRwJY5SifKvQ/edit?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
How does Beloved connect to other works we've read? Be detailed in how it connects with global issues and thematic and stylistic ideas to other works.
I think Beloved can be related a lot to Langston Hughes and his poems in that they are both talking about the injustice that Black people went through, but at the same time I think many people fail to overlook the connection Beloved maintains to TTTC. For instance, TTTC's most easily noticeable global issue is the
trauma of war. While Beloved does not really mention war, it definitely has trauma(the traumatizing effects of slavery) as on of its most relevant global issues. They are similar in that the  oth talk about the lives of people that changed after being exposed to insanely traumautizing events and what happened to them. In TTTC it was Norman Bowker who committed suicide due to war and in Beloved it was mainly Paul D who was abused by white slaveholders and had to get rid of his "red heart."
How does Beloved connect to our world today?
Beloved connects to our world today indirectly- although slavery is not prevalent in the United States, systemic racism is still a thing(depending on your beliefs) and there is still a definite attitude of white supremacy that is widespread in the country.

# data[].attributes.body
What insights did the poetry of Langston Hughes offer about the African-American community in Harlem?
The poetry of Langston Hughes has "been largely concerned with the depicting of Negro life in America". In other words, Langston Hughes writes what he writes to show what life was like for African Americans back in the era of segregation, Jim Crow laws, and overall discrimination. Therefore, we can safely assume that whatever Hughes says can be trusted and applied to the African American community in Harlem.
Some insights that Hughes offered through his poetry was the difficulties and unproportionate hardships people in Harlem faced. For example, in the poem "Theme for English B," Hughes reveals that black people almost never received a higher education or went to college while the majority of whites did. This revealed that poverty, unequal opportunity, and no access to public education was an obstacle for the African American community in Harlem.
How does art reflect the community from which it comes?

# data[].attributes.body
Linda Krumholz claims (in "The Ghosts of Slavery: Historical Recovery in Toni Morrison’s Beloved") that finding a voice for the thoughts and experiences of women is central to the "healing," historical recovery theme and structure of the book. According to Krumholz, Morrison’s novel "adapts techniques from modernist novels, such as the fragmentation of the plot and shifting narrative voice, to compel the reader to actively construct an interpretive framework" (109). How does the novel specifically address issues of gender, writing and power? How does the structure and style of the novel give voice to "the thoughts of the women of 124, unspeakable thoughts, unspoken" (Beloved 199)?
I think back in the 20th century, women were considered subordinate to men and treated like objects. Especially so for black women, they were the lowest "class" in that they were considered less useful and of lower value than black men and white people as a whole. This meant that they received very inhumane treatment and were thrown around as people pleased, which resulted in many cases of rape, sexual assault, unwanted pregnanices, etc. I think by portraying the thoughts of the women in 124, Morrison directly showcases their resilience and power in the face of all the devastating things they went through as human beings. They defy the traditional view of women being weak and frail but instead are strong and firm in where they stand and are arguably more independent and self sufficient than men or any other people. I think the stream of consciousness style that Morrison implements throughout some of the chapters is very reflective of how she uses the power of writing to communicate the reality of black women lives, their hardships, and their intricate complex thoughts that all go to prove that women are not the inferior gender and have just as much power and potential to be equal to men.

# data[].attributes.body
Time and Space

1. How does Chronicle offer insight into Colombian culture? Consider what we've learned about with machismo, marianismo, honor and the impact of colonialism.

The story of Santiago Nasar's death takes place in Colombia, and in order to convey the story as realistically as possible, Marquez makes sure to incorporate the element of culture as well. Colombian culture turns out to be responsible for many of the actions depicted throughout the novel like the idea of maintaining honor, the image of the perfect man/woman that is represented by machismo and marianismo, and even the impact of colonialism on Colombia. For example, the way that Angela Vicario wishfully dreams of proving her virginity can only be attributed to the Colombian culture that dictates a women must maintain her virginity until marriage.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach the 8 extracts from the Group IOs that you annotated here. Chapter 1 & 2 & 3

Attach the two extracts you used for your Final IO here Final IO Extracts

Attach any other extracts you might want to use for your real IO.

# data[].attributes.body
What were some global issues you explored in Chronicle? Consider honor, morality, perspective, fate, gender norms etc. The more detailed you are, the more useful this will be for your IO.

1.  The alteration of ones morality that may occur based on ones surroundings/environment
- This global issue basically takes into account the seemingly lack of morality portrayed in Beloved(murder of Beloved) and CoaDF(murder of Santiago Nasar)

2.  The negative impact of a bystander and their withdrawal from fulfilling their moral duty
- This is referring to how bystanders were the cause of tragedy in both Beloved(the townspeople knew the 4 horsemen were coming but did not say anything) and CoaDF(the townspeople knew Nasar was being hunted but did not tell him).

3.  How outside, societal influence can transform and mold people's identities.
- This is referring to how societies and their expectations result in deviations from original identity in TTTC(soldiers that were boys became men) and CoaDF(Vicario brothers killed but had reputation for being "good" men).

# data[].attributes.body
Attach any of your Harkness notes here.
4 Corners Discussion

# data[].attributes.body
How does Chronicle connect to other works we've read? Be detailed in how it connects with global issues and thematic and stylistic ideas to other works.
I discussed in the "Global Issues" section already about how CoaDF connects to other works. However, a theme that I noticed in all the works is the enormously complex impact of death. Every single novel that we have read so far(except for Hughes' poems) has a storyline built around the effects and implications of death- Beloved has the death of beloved and explores the moral side of the murder, TTTC has the death of Ted Lavender(and much more) which explored the loss of innocence and humanity of the soldiers, and CoaDF has the death of Santiago Nasar and its effect on the community and primarily the Vicario brothers.

How does Chronicle connect to our world today?
Chronicle of a Death Foretold explores the effect of societal expectations including toxic masculinity and femininity on communities, and it actually accurately sums up teen experiences in high school- men are supposed to wear certain things while females are supposed to wear different things. Boys are expected to have deeper voices than girls and it is expectations like these that reflect the great extent to which CoaDF is able to accurately portray the gender roles that exist in our society today.

# data[].attributes.body
Group IO PPT

Best Quick Write

Artistic One-Pager

Final/Revised IO

# data[].attributes.body
Readers, Writers, Texts
How are we affected by Delbo's memoir and her imperative for us to "Try to look. Try to see"? How were you affected by Auschwitz and After?

I am more of a kinesthetic learner which means that it is hard for me to grasp things without direct, physical interaction. As a result, I grew up with the belief that I would always have to experience things for myself to truly learn. After reading Auschwitz and After, I was exposed to the inherent power of words. More than being able to visualize the horrors of Auschwitz, i felt it. The dryness of the throat due to thirst and the burning of the nose to the stench of dead bodies from block 25 became real to me. Delbo showed me Auschwitz by reconstructing the reality of the Holocaust through words.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach the extracts you annotated (Some are on Kami) during our Harkness discussions.

Farewell
Night
One Day

Attach the two extracts you used for your Final IO here.

None of Us Will Return IO Extracts

Attach any other extracts you might want to use for your real IO.

The Dummies
Night

# data[].attributes.body
What were some global issues you explored in Auschwitz and After? Consider the Hexagonal Harkness we had and some of the global issues you came up with during that discussion.

•  Facing and dealing with the past(Charlotte Delbo from Auschwitz and After and Sethe from Beloved)

• The destructive effect of trauma on identity(Delbo from Auschwitz and After and Tim O'Brien from TTTC)

•How religion and faith is lost as a result of death(Charlotee Delbo saw many deaths and so did Tim O'Brien and Baby Suggs)

# data[].attributes.body
Attach any of your Harkness notes here.
Global Issues

# data[].attributes.body
How does Auschwitz connect to other works we've read? Be detailed in how it connects with global issues and thematic and stylistic ideas to other works.

Auschwitz relates to all the other books we read in that it revolves around the concept of death and its nuanced effects. The strongest and most visible connection I was able to make with Auschwitz and After's thematic elements and plot as it relates to death was through TTTC by Tim O'Brien. In TTTC, the author references how soldiers "humped" during war- a state of existence where they cared about nothing and functioned as nothing more than mindless killing robots. In other words, death directly caused a loss of humanity. A very similar process is shown throughout Auschwitz and After, namely in "The Dummies" chapter- Delbo talks about how she saw so many dead, naked bodies that she got used to them, and no longer saw them as anything to be fearful over. Not only does Delbo portray the numbing effect on one's sense of humanity, she incorporates the role that fear also plays in the relationship between death and the subsequent loss of humanity.

How does Auschwitz connect to our world today?

Auschwitz serves as a powerful reminder of what must never happen again in the history of the human race. The pain and suffering the book encompasses forces readers to remember what the Holocaust truly was, and it aids us in becoming a better person by leading us to ask the question "why?" "Why would anyone do this?" Hatred. Delbo reaches out to the current generation by showcasing what happens when one doesn't fix the hatred in their hearts.

# data[].attributes.body
Upload your favorite Quick Record (Arrivals and Departures, Olere/Delbo, or Using Language)
Olere/Delbo
Upload your Final Delbo IO
Auschwitz and After IO

# data[].attributes.body
Attach your dialectical journal here
Haesol Jung- Dialectical Journal Entries

# data[].attributes.body
Intertextuality
How valid is the notion of a "classic" literary text? What makes Persepolis "literary" even though it is a graphic novel?
A literary text, by definition, refers to any piece of writing that has the purpose of telling a story. While this definition is pretty broad, it makes sense for Persepolis to be classified as a "classic" literary text- it tells the story of a girl that lived through the Iranian revolution. The definition says nothing about a story having to be conveyed through words- it can be through pictures, and this is exactly what Satrapi does through her graphic novel.

Time and Space
What insight did Persepolis give you into Iranian life during and after the revolution?
Persepolis shows me how quickly one's life can change- before the revolution, there was freedom in terms of what girls could wear, but after, every woman was forced and expected to cover themselves from head to toe.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach the panels you found most fascinating and that  you discussed during our final Harkness here

#1

#2

# data[].attributes.body
What were some global issues you explored in Persepolis? Consider the Harkness discussion and other ideas that came up during class discussion.

I discussed the global issue in terms of the field of inquiry of power, justice, and politics.

# data[].attributes.body
Attach any of your Harkness notes here.
Persepolis Harkness

# data[].attributes.body
How does Persepolis connect to other works we've read? Be detailed in how it connects with global issues and thematic and stylistic ideas to other works.
Persepolis connects to other works we've read in that it investigates the global issue of classism in detail. For example, in Persepolis, Satrapi often talks about socialism and her view on how all people should be treated equally regardless of social class. Similarly, in COADF, classism is also clearly evident in the way Angela Vicario's family reacts the Angela's opportunity to marry Bayardo San Roman, a wealthy man from a reputable family. Angela has an obligation to marry a man who she has never met simply because of a deference to a higher class.
How does Persepolis connect to our world today?
I believe that Persepolis is a pretty accurate representation of a teenagers life today- on the surface level, the story is a teenager navigating life's deep waters and maturing as a human being. Looking deeper, it is a testament to the truth that stereotypes are often dangerous and wrong, and must be corrected.

# data[].attributes.body
Link