# data[].attributes.body
Murphy and Poist state that: "there was relatively little concern about environmental degradation

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A provisional chronology for research activity on these topics is proposed and three more general trends are described that have altered the context and priorities of research.

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The main focus was on the local environmental impact of air pollution, noise, vibration, accidents and visual intrusion.

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The first major studies of load distribution in urban areas

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Numerous studies were conducted to assess the nature and scale of these effects, many of them in the United Kingdom. They focused on the local environmental impact of trucks.

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In the United Kingdom, the government responded with research to examine the effects of trucks on the environment and to explore ways of minimizing them

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The formation of the Committee on Trucks and the Environment, published several reports on ways to streamline the movement of goods by road.

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Numerous studies were then conducted to find ways to consolidate loads and thereby reduce traffic levels, energy use, emissions and costs.

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Were a relatively fallow period for research into urban freight transport, partly because funds for large-scale urban freight transport studies ran out.

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Advances in vehicle technology and regulations on the underlying growth of road freight traffic.

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At international level, the OECD also published a report on the effects of heavy goods vehicles on the environment and studied ways of reducing them.

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Efficiency and environmental concerns converged on one of the most researched urban freight transport issues at the time, namely the "small order problem".

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He then evaluated the environmental impact of all related freight transport, using this case study to illustrate how the logistics needs of even a fairly cheap commodity could be responsible for significant amounts of pollution and noise.

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In Germany, research on reverse logistics was stimulated by the introduction of radical legislation on packaging waste.

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Conducted a widely publicized study in Germany on the amount of road transport generated by the production and distribution of a strawberry yogurt pot.

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Research by McKinnon and Woodburn (1996), McKinnon (1998) and Cooper, Black and Peters (1998)

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Research by McKinnon and Woodburn (1996), McKinnon (1998) and Cooper, Black and Peters (1998)

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Identified a number of trends in logistics and the supply chain which respond to the growth in goods traffic.

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The European Commission stated that "we need to consider the option of gradually breaking the link between economic growth and transport growth".

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Show that U.S. and "non-U.S." companies found strong similarities in environmental perceptions and practices of logistics management,

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In their review of 10 logistics, supply management and transport journals, Aronsson and Brodin found that only 45 articles out of 2,026 (2.2%) dealt with environmental issues

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Issues are now being given higher priority in urban freight transport research, despite the fact that, over the last 30 years, the tightening of pollution and noise limits for new vehicles has greatly reduced localised externalities related to freight transport