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The Devil's Highway is a dangerous pathway in Arizona that immigrants use to come to the US. Millions of people have died in that pathway just trying to get to the US. The first person to have ever died there was on January 18, 1541. After that, there were many immigrants who died just for a better life. Many immigrants used cairns as a way/use to help guide them across the desert. They are smart for doing that but the border patrol was also smart in doing the same thing as a way to lead the immigrants straight to them.

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The conditions of the pathway are so rough being more the extreme weather there is. Immigrants try hard to not get caught by border patrol but many ended getting caught. The immigrants are treated like animals when it comes to arresting them. The border patrol gets more alarmed than the immigrants went caught as some of the immigrants are not. That terrifies them so they give up and let themselves get arrested. Depending on what role they are, they are given their brutal punishment as the coyotes are shot in the head and the women are handcuff.

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Border patrols do things that are very questionable but they are people just like normal humans who are making a living with a rough job. People don't realize that they are always spending their days out in a desert where it's at extreme weather like being up to 130 degrees a day and in the night it goes down only to 98 degrees. Although that is a part that should be known, the other part that should also be known is how they sometimes don't really do their job. When they go out to patrol the desert, they find the dead bodies of the immigrants. As result, they act like they don't see them so they don't have to scan and identify the person. In the end, from all that, they have trauma especially if you have worked in that field for many years.

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A shrine for the 14 people who didn't make it.

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Chapter 1: Rules of the Game (pg.18-40) 

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Chapter 1: Rules of the Game (pg.18-40) 

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While there are always immigrants crossing the border, in 2001 the first big group died on the Devil's Highway. In total there were 26 immigrants crossing but out of all those only 12 survived and the other 14 died on the journey. They are known as the Yuma 14 and Wellton 26. The survivors were lucky that the border patrol found them. Border Patrol uses many ways to figure out if there are people out in the desert. For example, they use clues from looking at the ground if they have footsteps which in most cases, they don't see. Another way that is used is if the rocks are moved, it's easy to tell that someone moved the rocks.

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Many of the immigrants who were a part of the Wellton 26 came from Veracruz, Mexico. The coyote, Don Moi, was getting these people hooked to do the journey by giving them discounts and ideas for their future families. He told them that from 20,000 pesos he would bring it down to 13,000 pesos but that would mean that the immigrants had to walk to get to their destiny. More information was given about some of the victims. For example, it said that the youngest was fifteen years old and the oldest was to be thirty- seven years old. This trip as you could see wasn't about how old you were or if your health was good. Many of these men were hardworking and healthy no matter their class.

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If you thought that coming to cross the border was just done by one person, you are wrong. In this chapter it is said how Don Moi is just like a recruiter who grabs the attention of the people to cross. From that part if they say yes to the trip they are passed down to 2 other people who help cross and do the dirty dangerous job. The highest person who is in charge is called "El Chespiro". This organization is all done by a family where the family members are spread out in Mexico and even in the USA. Even though if you are not getting the help from the coyotes, they will still charge you to pay to cross the desert. As you are getting near the desert you will see sign that are in Spanish but are very useless. Many immigrants can't read so they don't know what the signs say or they are displayed with bad Spanish.

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In this chapter it is learn that Antonio Lopez Ramos aka Mendez aka Jesus was the one who guided the Wellton 26. He was the one charge of them as we learn and he portrays himself as not guilty and it just doing it for the money since he grew up poor. Information on how they do their job was told here as it said that guias would give the immigrants cocaine so it helps their heart explode of energy. More information was given that if vans broke down the guias would burn the van that broke down and then tell the immigrants that its just an easy five-mile walk. Then the guia would tell the immigrants that he would come back but in reality he never cameback.

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Some of the people who were in the Stolen at Gunpoint music video.

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In this chapter, we learned more about the guide, Jesus, who took the Wellton 26 across the Devil's highway. Jesus first started with a payment of less than a hundred dollars a week as he later met Maradona who told him that he got paid a hundred dollars per person that he took. That's when Jesus was put into an idea of being a gangster and started to work with Maradona, As they were working together very smoothly when the Chespiro decide to change them into a different place called Sonoita. In that place, they thought they could triple in getting their money but that is when things started to get complex. The trip was more dangerous in which they now had to go through the Devil's Highway. A part that is also important is when immigrants are taken into custody. They were asked questions there in which they wouldn't answer and just say they don't remember anything so that don't get in trouble or even killed with the Chespiro.

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In this chapter, Jesus changes his last name as he takes his wife's last name, Mendez. For Mendez, this new route was so strange for him as he didn't recognize them. It was said that the land was much rougher than the one he as been through even the names sounded tough. The border is also very religious and very free like having everything beings clubs and drugs. Mendez and Maradona were dealing for the group of immigrants before the Wellton 26 to be crosse over in border but the problem was that they were caught by border patrol. Maradona was able to hide but Mendez was not. As that was happening Don Moi was with the Wellton 26 as they were being transported by buses that amused them very much. After they were dropped off in this place thinking that Don Moi was going to come back, he was on a bus already going back to recruit more people.

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Mendez woke up with his morning sickness as he was getting ready for his next trip. He used the restroom so he wouldn't have to go during the trip. He wanted to know where Maradona was.After he's ready he sees that even in the morning it was already burning hot and he was feeling it. He figures out that Maradona left him to do the trip by himself but El Negro sent Lauro and Santos (they were useless). Once they get the group the coyotes told the people to get water for the trip as some got Pepsi for a cool drink. They then started the trip to the Devil's highway and the problem was that they got their too early. Mendez knows that people are going to start to get sick as they are going to be in the heat for a long while, which is a bad start that fast.

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The border patrol looking for immigrants at night

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The people  began to start their journey in this chapter.  As Mendez was thinking everything was going well, it was starting not to be as he saw lights. He thought it was the border patrol so he and his "pollos" followed him into hiding. They hid but because they scattered all over the place, that made them get lost in their pathway. Mendez tries to make himself think that he was going the right way as he thought he giving orders to older men than him. Mendez at the end without acknowledging it, he was way off territory but he told the immigrants that they were close as they just had five miles left. Now as the border patrol does their job. They can know the story of a person just by how the person is positioned and the footsteps were.

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The group is still going around in the same place in this chapter as the journey is getting tougher and tougher. They were starting to develop hyperthermia before getting to the second part of the desert. There are 6 stages of hyperthermia which are heat stress, heat fatigue, heat syncope, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. First is heat stress comes with dizziness, tiredness, and dehydration. Second is heat fatigue is the next stage where the body starts to lose all the moisture and starts to burn. The third is heat syncope as it happens after the second stage and is when the body becomes cold and really pale no matter how dark your skin color was. The fourth stage is heat cramps which is a point where your body starts to be in pain as you get cramps and lose your amount of movement. the fifth stage is the second to last stage where you get hallucinations and complete disorientation. The last stage is heatstroke in what is the worst stage as you need to get help asap because your body is shutting off and your body is just sensitive. Along with the Wellton 16 story, the author wrote about two stories that included 2 couples who came prepared into the desert but died. This showed that the desert didn't care what race you were because everyone is an alien in that place.

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In this chapter, we see that Mendez is still lost and has no clue where he is taking himself and the group to. After going around in many circles many of the people had run out of water. They were helping each other out if the person who had water would share. There was a point where they did find a place to rest so they could get a little more energy.  However, they are still going around and around the desert which it gets to a point where Santos comes up with the idea that they can go back by retracing their steps. Mendez doesn't want to do that so they get to a point where Santos decides to leave Mendez and go on his own. Santos takes a few people with him but the sad truth was that he and the people were never found or seen again. While Mendez and his group continues in their lost pathway.

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In this chapter, some background information is given about the people who were on the journey. As I also think the reason that the author decided to put this chapter in the book is that he wanted the readers to see what they did and how they were living. For example, Martinez de la Torre lied to his wife about going to the store but in reality, he was going on the trip. The author wanted to show that the men were living a decent life and had families as many had young children who were close to their fathers. That they were real people and not some made-up people. The author wanted us to see the sacrifices that they themselves had to do.

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We learn that on Monday, May 21 Mendez and his pollos are so close to death. The pollos realize that Mendez doesn't know where he is going nor where he is. They thought of death as they wanted water and wanted to be safe. When Mendez was telling his story of what happened, he made himself look like a hero even making Lauro seem like it was his fault. There was a point where Mendez asked the men to give him money but dollars, not pesos so that he could go and find help for them. The men also told theirs as they said that Mendez did supposedly go and try to find help but that he asked for three-hundred dollars, not ninety dollars. In the end, Mendez and Lauro went on leaving the group as they told them that they would be back in five hours and not to move. Mendez and Lauro left as they thought that they shouldn't fee guilty nor take the blame as they were coming up with excuses. The group later realized that Mendez and Lauro were never coming back and they should start walking if they wanted to live or try to live as many were starting to die.

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The group that Mendez left behind  continued to walk trying to say their lives. They were all trying so many things to get help as Edger Martinez  had an idea with fire and the smoke. It sadly didn't work but it sure was worth the try. By many attempts of seeing how they could get help, nothing worked and they knew that they were going to die. The hot weather was also  not helping as they kept on rising during the day.  At the end of the day, Reymundo Jr. was dead and Edgar Martinez, Abraham Morales, Reymundo Sr., Julian Ambrose Malaga, Rafael Temich were giving up with this trip.

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Mendez and Lauro do make it close salvation but as they are too tired they're bodies don't want to continue. Mendez wants to continue but his legs don't let him as he falls asleep and thinks he's in a strange dream. Lauro on the the other hand, he didn't have that kind of luck he was dead. As for the group of men who Mendez and Lauro left behind, they kept on going and were trying to getting help. As many of them like Edger Adrian Martinez who was so near to getting help but just as he put his head down he passed away. At the end they did get help but it was to late as many had already passed away.

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In this chapter, I learn that the medical field near the border loses a lot of money as they stay with the bill if the immigrants can't afford it. The walkers still got the attention and help they needed but they were really ill. The doctors described the walkers as mummies from Egypt as some of them were in critical conditions. In that same medical center, Mendez arrived and still had the thought that hopefully he doesn't get called out. As the men are being treated and recovering all they want is to rest but that doesn't happen as the officials are trying to get answers of what happened and who was incharged. The men find this way as a way to call out Mendez for what he made them live. They only called Mendez out but not Don Moi, Chespiro, or El Negro becuase they could put their families at risk. Mendez on the other hand was coming closer and closer to life in prison.

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Chapter 15:Aftermath (part 2: pg 186-193

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Chapter 15:Aftermath (part 2: pg 186-193

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Rita Vargas came to make sure the men were being treated correctly and were okay. She was the one who was in charge and made sure they were together. For the dead ones they also had their own journey. Rita was in their journey of accompanying them to be transported to Tuscon to be autopsied. The bodies were soaked in with water, antibiotics, and saline solution. As this is happening, Mendez wrote a letter where he portrayed himself as a hero who was trying hard to save the men and wasn't his intention to abandoned them. Of course none of it was mostly true since the men were giving their testimony to the officials.

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Mendez is seeing that he has pretty much no escape from this crime as he knows his two options he has are bad either way. He didn't tell the officials about the gang like El Negro or Chespiro because he knows that they will probably chase down his loved ones or even worse. The bodies come back from the autopsy showing that they suffered from hyperthermia and exposure. From that part, they were sent home to where the government of Veracruz had a hero's procession and funeral for them. Rita says that over sixty-eight thousand dollars were the cost from that. She points out that money could have possibly gone to their villages so they could have a better community. Back to Mendez, he pleaded guilty to what he had done instead of fighting.

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Mendez went to jail as the survivors were still telling officials more information about Mendez and the situation. The men were lucky enough in staying in the US as they came illegally and were given jobs in a meat-packing plant. The US did this so they never had to be working in the sun. By this event, the men made a change in which the US and Mexico had a good way of working with these types of problems.  However, the 911 event also made a huge impact on the change that had barely started by again not letting the immigrants in but also having a  lot of security. It was a part where the US government started to get more production from China and not from Mexico which cause the jobs and wages to decrease and lead more people to come to the US. As there was no more friendship between Mexico and the US the immigrants again were being treated badly. ( Some even shot leading to their death.)

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The men made changes in the border after their death as in Yuma there were safety towers. They were made for immigrants who needed help/ rescued could press a button and help would be coming from the border patrol agents. Although it saved many lives, some people were not liking the idea of these towers as they vandalized the towers and took away the supplies in there. The other part discussed was the money portion where people were saying that money like 55,000 dollars was being taken away from the county for the use of immigrants. There are others who say though that they bring more income to the country than what is being wasted of 55,000 dollars.

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In this chapter, the author does a reflection after ten years of writing the book. He shows us how he thought his book wasn't going to be read by people since some were saying they were illegals. The "illegals" word got him thinking about how it was it was used to be talked about or to be used negatively. The author Luis said that in those years the immigration problem had decreased ever since. (Now these years though the immigration problem has risen again)It's still happening but not as much as it was before the incident. Another thing that Luis Alberto Urrea discussed was the relationship that was constructed while he was doing the book.

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In this last section Luis Alberto Urrea reveled how there is no law that makes it being an immigrant here bad. Instead there is a fine that is almost like a speeding ticket. He also tells a story of how he crossed paths with Don Moi in Louisiana. Furthermore, Don Moi wanted to take all the properties and belongings of the men but the wives didn't let that happen as they stood up and won. H tells us that the border patrol are all not racist but very kind. The last part that was mentioned was how Reymundo Sr.'s nephew followed the same paths as Reymundo Sr. and Jr.. He was successful which he was able to get an education as he even got a Ph. D and a good life.