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Person centred care is focusing on the service user and ensuring that all their care is going on the individual. This may be supporting the individual with their emotional, social, physical needs etc. This could be making sure that their all their needs, wishes and circumstances are all taken into account. (HIN, n.d.)

Person centred care has been developed by humanistic perspective.
Humanistic Perspective:
This  means that you need the basic needs before you can achieve anything. This theory believes that you need all the basics in life such as food, water, shelter, clothing etc. You need all of the basics in life before you can be confident and start accepting love etc. This theory may be believed by others however this is not accurate in the sense of that we all work differently and cope in certain ways.

Abram Maslow and Carl Rogers discovered that socio-economic status or home life can impact the way the individual's health can be impacted by both of these. This may be if you're struggling with mental health or have been through some traumatic event they will refer you to a counsellor or therapist to express your feelings.

Person centred care is ensuring that you are still doing your job properly and respecting the service user. The service user will feel like they are being listen to and might start a good relationship with them.

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BBC (n.d.)

Obesity 'bigger killer' than smoking in England and Scotland [online]. Available from:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-56018710 [Accessed 13.02.2022].

HIN (n.d.) What is person-centred care and why is it
important? [online]. Available from: https://healthinnovationnetwork.com/system/ckeditor_assets/attachments/41/what_is_person-centred_care_and_why_is_it_important.pdf [Accessed 13.02.2022].

Wyatt, L. et al (2017) Extended Diploma in Health & Social Care. London: Hodder Education.

BACP (n.d.) What is person-centred counselling? [online]. Available from: https://www.bacp.co.uk/about-therapy/types-of-therapy/person-centred-counselling/ [Accessed 13.02.2022].

ScienceDirect (n.d.) Therapeutic Relationship [online]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/therapeutic-relationship [Accessed 13.02.2022].

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Individuals will find coping strategies in all different kinds of ways. People who might need help to manage their emotions and thoughts might be people who struggle with their mental health.

For example they might attend their counselling appointments and have a big social life but when they are alone with their own thoughts they might be overthinking about certain topics that they are worried about. So, to avoid that they might keep everything in a journal or in notes or they might even rip their notes up to avoid anyone from seeing them and it may release some stress that they have wrote it down but nobody knows.

Other coping methods could be colouring, gaming, drawing etc. For example with colouring they will be thinking about all the different colours and trying to make the picture look the way that they want and filling in the space.

Another example could be someone who fidgets a lot because they have anxiety or they have a learning disability such as autism. They might struggle with staying still and trying to have a conversation may be hard because they are focused on trying to find something to fidget with. Something that may help them could be giving them a fidget toy or letting them have a conversation in somewhere they feel comfortable. This could be in public, in their own room or house or even in a sensory room.

This is ensuring that you are making sure you are accepting them and giving them respect of who they are. They might become more comfortable which can lead to them expressing their feelings and moods.

If the individual is unable to find a way of coping or expressing their emotions. They might find that self harming or under/over eating is the right way for them to cope and they might not understand that what they are doing is damaging them. The individual might isolate themselves and become socially isolated because they feel like they are being a burden and doesn't deserve to have good people around them. This can affect their health mentally and physically.

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As the years have been going on, as a whole we have become more aware of health and social care in professionals and what kind of service service users are receiving. We, as people usually rely on the doctors and nurses that understand the medical side of the information however we don't really use them as a main source anymore.
We have adapted to using our own research will is searching the signs, symptoms or issues that arrive in a informed conclusion.

Biological Perspective has opened a wide range of understanding on how the mind can impact the body.
For example, Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome theory is used to understand the autoimmune diseases where the body uses it's own defence system to start attacking the healthy cells.

In addition to this we are more likely to research ourselves and we can get the information quicker and understand more knowledge about their own conditions and entitlements. They may still use health care professionals but they don't rely on them that much and use things such as researching themselves and trying to find as much information as possible.

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Research and evidence doesn't just give us all the information about a specific condition or disorder etc. It gives us information how to help and make the individual better off and try to reduce their levels of stress and worry. This could be distracting them to do something that interests them which could be art therapy or music therapy as an example.

Some of these interventions may benefit the person however some of them may not. So it's all about trying to find what helps for them and try to get them to try new things. By getting them to try new things might make them feel like they have a new hobby to focus on and could improve their moods making them more happier if they have some kind of mental health issue that might include depression or anxiety. They could possibly try going to group counselling where people their age are going through similar situations and they have a place to escape. This might encourage the young person to make new friends and talk about one another's differences and similarities.

In the past where professionals were unsure on what to do with people who had mental health problems, they were using the electroconvulsive therapy method. Which sent a shock wave to the individuals mind and they thought this helped the individual to come out their 'imagination'.

But they researched and from their own experiences could understand that this was wrong and instead of punishing people that they need to talk about their feelings. They all had the understanding that sometimes we don't need to medicate an illness and that we need to make sure the individual has got all the support and they have people to go to. The individual might be put in a social setting so that they can make more friends and have that support system around them to go to.

People with learning disabilities might be put into social skills training that helps them to refer them to have learning activities and behavioural techniques. This will help them improve their non verbal and verbal language. This will help them to guide them in life and achieve what everyone else can. The behaviours can help them improve their eye contact, tone, language, voice and personal space can be discovered.

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Therapeutic relationships is defined by Paediatric Critical Care (2011) “an interactive relationship with a patient and family that is caring, clear, boundaried, positive, and professional."

For example, this suggests to me that these are used for certain individual's that may have some kind of mental health problem or learning disability and might act differently that this is a way that works where you don't have to shout or start to have an argument with the individual. By discussing what the problem may be such as the individual not eating, this might be hard for them and instead of punishing them to not allow them to have sugary or sweet food. This is addressing the problem in a positive way and instead of punishing them, you are not punishing the action and not allowing them to have what they want.

By supporting the individual and approaching them with a positive attitude you might get the same back. Therapeutic relationships come from psychodynamic theory, this theory is trying to help those who might struggle with anxiety or depression and might help them find some light into their thoughts.
Later on, the humanistic theory discovered that what they need is person centred counselling and that ensuring the individual has someone to go to just for themselves to express their emotions.
Things that are offered at person centred counselling that will be from the therapist themselves:
-Unconditional positive regard: Accepting and valuing you, no matter what.
-Congruence: Being honest and them telling you how they experience the world and how they see you.
-Empathetic understanding: Seeing your viewpoint as if they were you.

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This is using things that we know that works because they have seen things happen such as skin to skin and the golden hour with a mother and an infant. There is loads of resources and information that will be found in books and websites about why babies should go straight to their mother so that they can create a bond. This is ensuring that the baby is picking up smells of what their mother smells like so that they are getting used to what it'll be like. The baby might struggle with seeing or sight as they won't remember much as infant by smell and touch might be a memory of theirs.

Biological theories make researchers want to understand and educate themselves over causes, treatment and they can try to prevent the disorder when there is a known biological cause. Dementia is an older generation problem and research is shown that it is usually a biological based disorder.

There is a theory called Gesell's maturational development theory shows that teenagers and young people who are under the Mental Health Act shouldn't be put with a vulnerable adult who are put under special provision to meet the maturational requirements. This can show that they are trying to protect young people and teenagers to ensure that they are being safeguarded and making sure their home life is normal.

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Understanding and interpret behaviour:  

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Understanding and interpret behaviour:  

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Cognitive Perspective: This perspective can help us understand peoples conditions in a more deep understanding such as being focused on their mental condition or focusing on their mind. Things mentally such as dementia can affect the elderly and make them think that they have already done something or that they are somewhere in their past.

If the person isn't diagnosed with early stages of dementia this may seem to other people that the person could be judged very fast. People with autism or ADHD or behavioural issues may seem to other people as their behaviour is inappropriate or not how they should act in specific settings. However they cannot help the way they are because in their mind they find their behaviour normal and think that they aren't doing anything wrong. This is usually diagnosed in a child at a young age and carries on throughout the child's life. The spectrum of autism and ADHD is wide and could be very mild for one individual and difficult for another individual.

Cognitive theory is completely changed the health and social sector because it can be easier to understand a service users disability and help them understand themselves their own condition. It can help make you make decisions and offer them things to try and know how they react. However everyone is different with their condition and some may cope better than others.

Social Learning Theory: The theory helps other people understand that social behaviour is learned by observing and imitating the behaviours of another person.

An example of this may be that a child who is aged 5 see their parent do something that in their mind that they want to do the same because they do that. If the child is opened to drugs or a smoking household it might be more likely for that child to grow up and want to do the same as their parents. Sometimes this could have a positive effect and could put that child off for wanting to smoke and may educate themselves or being educated at school about smoking. This making me not making the same lifestyle choices as the individuals parents.

Behaviourism: This could be shown to the individuals as why they may act a certain way due to the way that they respond to the environment. This individual may make the wrong lifestyle choices such as putting on weight. This could make the individual feel happy or give them some good feeling. However this is really damaging for their bodies and could possibly get some serious health issues that may result into operations, dieting or cutting down, exercise. By obesity and loads of other eating disorders going up in the UK there would be a higher demand into getting those people healthier and more people are transmitted everyday. BBC (2021) states that 'deaths attributed to obesity and excess body fat increased from 17.9% to 23.1% - with the overtake occurring in 2014.'.
This suggests that we are having an increase of cases of obesity going up due to the lack of people eating the right food and them just picking what is easy for them. It shows that the NHS has no control into what the UK is putting into their mouths and understanding calories etc.