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Our founding myths suggest the hemisphere was sparsely populated mostly by nomadic tribes living lightly on the land and that the land was, for the most part, a vast wilderness

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Columbus arrives in America
Columbus left Castile in August 1492 with three ships and made landfall in the Americas on 12 October, ending the period of human habitation in the Americas now referred to as the pre-Columbian era. His landing place was an island in the Bahamas, known by its native inhabitants as Guanahani

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A group "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans onboard the privateer ship White Lion are landed (the first in the state of Virginia) at Point Comfort in colonial Virginia.

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The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.

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Late in the afternoon of March 5, 1770, Surrounded by jeering Bostonians [throwing] hard-packed snowballs, the small group of soldiers lost control when one of their members’ was struck. British sentries shot into a crowd of civilians, killing three men and injuring eight, two of them mortally. The soldiers fired despite explicit orders to the contrary.

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By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence.

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Stagville Founded

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Farmers who fought in the Revolutionary War were not paid enough to meet their needs and had financial troubles. Businesses required many things to be bought in cash instead of allowing the farmers to receive the goods now (with credit) and pay later. The farmers did not have the capital (money) to clear their debt. Massachusetts required people to pay increased taxes. Farmers who could not pay had their farms taken away and they were arrested.

Governor’s militia of 1,200 men were outnumbered by Shays’ men but fought back, eventually wounding twenty farmers and killing 4 others.

Without a national army to handle this rebellion, many Americans started realizing the Articles of Confederation (America’s first government) was too weak. Later that year, a group of 55 men gathered in Philadelphia and created the Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation. This is still our government today.

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The United States presidential election of 1789 was the first presidential election in the United States of America. The election took place following the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. In this election, George Washington was elected for the first of his two terms as President of the United States.
Before this election, the United States had no chief executive. Washington was basically unanimously elected (everyone in the Electoral College Voted for him

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The Constitution is ratified (passed) - start of our government

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In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent (current) president John Adams. This was the first time in US history that a different party won the election. Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, took over the White House from John Adams, a Federalist.

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Louisiana Purchase

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US Government bans international slave trade

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Missouri COmpromise

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Cotton comes the biggest export in the US

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Lowell Mills opens

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In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President after the election was decided by the House of Representatives.  While Jackson won most of the popular vote and electoral votes, he did not win a majority. This meant the election was decided by Congress and they picked John Adams (only 32% of the nation voted for him).

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Indian Removal
President Jackson forcibly removed Cherokee, Seminole, Creek, and Chocataw in the "Trail of Tears" to access their land

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Annexation of Texas

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - US seizes a lot of land from Mexico

Seneca Falls

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California Gold Rush

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Compromise of 1850

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Dorothea Dix founds hospital in Raleigh

Dorothea Lynde Dix was an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums

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The Civil War begins - North and South fight over slavery

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13th Amendment
Passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864; by the House on January 31, 1865; and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865, it abolished slavery “within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. White folk weren’t happy with the new amendment, killing newly freed African Americans.

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President Andrew Johnson held open disagreements with the Republican Congress. They implemented a law called the Tenure of Office Act to limit his power. Johnson openly broke this law

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Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, it granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War. In its later sections, the 14th Amendment authorized the federal government to punish states that violated or abridged their citizens’ right to vote by proportionally reducing the states’ representation in Congress, and mandated that anyone who “engaged in insurrection” against the United States could not hold civil

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Transcontinental Railroad completed

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Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. The 15th Amendment secured the right to vote free from racial discrimination. All three granted broad power to the federal government to ensure that our founding promise of freedom and equality applied to all

Standard Oil is established

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Canegie opens steel plant

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The United States presidential election of 1876 was one of the most disputed (controversial) presidential elections in American history. Tilden won the popular vote and had more electoral votes, but no one had the majority. Congress decided that Hayes (tilden’s opponent)  would be president - probably because of a deal made to withdraw troops from the South.

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Reconstruction

The Reconstruction era was a period in American history following the American Civil War; it lasted from 1865 to 1877 and marked a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States

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Homestead Strike

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“In 1898, Wilmington was a thriving port city on the coast of North Carolina. About two-thirds of Wilmington’s population was African American. African Americans were business people who owned barbershops, restaurants, tailor shops, and drug stores. African Americans also held positions as firemen and policemen. Overall, the African American and white races existed peacefully but separately.
Good relations continued until the Presidential election of 1896, when the white Democrats lost control of state politics. The white Democrats promised to avenge their defeat in the election of 1898…
African American voters turned out in large numbers for the election of 1898. However, the white supremacist Democrats forced the Black City Council of Wilmington to step down. Two days after the election, violence erupted… [A crowd of around 2,000 crossed town and set a Black owned] newspaper office on fire, and tensions between African Americans and whites exploded. African Americans armed themselves and whites began to hunt and gun them down. The mob of whites included clergymen, lawyers, bankers, and merchants who all believed that they were asserting their rights as citizens.
When the event ended the next day, it was reported that twenty-five African Americans had been killed. However, it was strongly suspected that hundreds of African Americans had been killed and their bodies dumped into the river. In addition, hundreds of African Americans were banished from the city of Wilmington. The newly in-place all white Democratic government remained in power in Wilmington. This event… marked a turning point in North Carolina’s history because more restrictions were placed on African American voters.

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Anthracite Coal Strike

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Black Wall St in Durham Founded

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

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Passed by Congress on May 13, 1912, and ratified on April 8, 1913, the 17th Amendment modified Article I, Section 3, of the Constitution by allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators. Prior to its passage, senators were chosen by state legislatures. The only constitutional amendment to do so in a substantial way is the Seventeenth Amendment, which removed from state legislatures the power to choose U.S. Senators and gave that power directly to voters in each state

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Passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified February 3, 1913, the 16th amendment established Congress's right to impose a Federal income tax. Passage of the 16th Amendment in 1913 gave the government the power to collect income tax, a change that effectively reversed the prohibition against a “direct tax” included in Article I of the Constitution

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Its ratification was certified on January 16, 1919, and the Amendment took effect on January 16, 1920. Prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors...". The Eighteenth Amendment declared the production, transport, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal, though it did not outlaw the actual consumption of alcohol. Shortly after the amendment was ratified, Congress passed the Volstead Act to provide for the federal enforcement of Prohibition

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Ratification of 19th Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recognising the right of women to a vote

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The Harlem Renaissance was a time where African Americans traveled to Harlem, where they felt safe and belonging. They could dance, mourn and believe in religion without the fear of white privilege.

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Dust Bowl begins

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December 5, 1933. The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment of January 16, 1919, ending the increasingly unpopular nationwide prohibition of alcohol. That balance of power quickly changed over the years, as the federal government expanded and took an increasingly dominant role

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On March 21, 1947, Congress passed the Twenty-Second Amendment. It is limiting presidents to two terms in office. The amendment prohibits anyone who has been elected president twice from being elected again. Under the amendment, someone who fills an unexpired presidential term lasting more than two years is also prohibited from being elected president more than once

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After the March on Washington, the Civil Rights Act is passed

On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment. Citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. The Twenty-fourth Amendment (Amendment XXIV) of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax

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Black Panther Party established to patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality, unemployment and poverty.

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East Los Angeles Walkouts

East L.A. walkouts, also called East Los Angeles walkouts and East L.A. blowouts, social protest in March 1968 in which thousands of Mexican American high-school students walked out of classes in Los Angeles, protesting inequality in the public education system

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Alcatraz Takeover
89 Indigenous Americans took over Alcatraz (an old federal prison) to protest failed treaties, including issues about land use.

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The Great Migration happened to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow.

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On July 1, 1971, our Nation ratified the 26th Amendment to the Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18. The Twenty-sixth Amendment (Amendment XXVI) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from using age as a reason for denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States who are at least eighteen years old

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Occupation of Wounded Knee
Indigenous American protesters took over the town of Wounded Knee to continue to protest failed treaties, including issues about land use

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President Richard Nixon’s administration was found to be involved in covering up a break-in to the Democratic National Headquarters. The House was ready to charge Nixon with obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and contempt (disregard) of Congress.

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Disability Rights Protest

The disability rights movement is a global social movement that seeks to secure equal opportunities and equal rights for all people with disabilities

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The Republican Congress claimed that President Bill Clinton committed perjury (lied under oath) and obstructed (stopped) justice during the investigation of the Monica Lewinsky Scandal.

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The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Republican candidate George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas, and Democratic candidate Al Gore, then-Vice President. Bush narrowly won the November 7 election, with 271 electoral votes to Gore's 266. Gore won about 48% of the popular vote to Bush’s 47%. Florida, with 25 electoral votes, had a disputed (controversial) tally. The election took awhile to decide because whoever won Florida, would win the election.

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“[The events] began with the death of Michael Brown, an 18-year-old black man who was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson on August 9, 2014. Brown, who was college-bound and had no criminal record, was unarmed.  Local police accused him of robbing a convenience store moments before the shooting… The shooting almost immediately triggered [large gatherings of protesters] in the St. Louis suburb, as demonstrators took to the streets to speak out against what many saw as yet another example of police brutality against young black men,....The situation… escalated and drew national attention when police reacted to protesters, even those acting peacefully, with [riot gear] such as armored vehicles, tear gas, rubber bullets, and sound cannons. One of the protesters' major demands was to to put Wilson on trial for the Brown shooting. But a grand jury decided not to indict Wilson after three months of debate… The investigation into the shooting,... grand jury proceedings, and reactions by local officials further worsened ties between local residents and their government…

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In the 2016 Election, the Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Clinton received about 2.9 million more votes (or 2.1%). Trump won a victory in the Electoral College, winning 30 states with 306 pledged electors out of 538.  He overturned the swing states of Florida, Iowa and Ohio,  and the "blue wall" of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections since the 1990s.

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President Trump was charged by a Democrat controlled House with abuse of power and obstruction of Congress for pressuring a foreign government to interfere in the 2020 election

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President Trump was charged by a Democrat controlled House for starting a deadly insurrection against the US after the 2020 election