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Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park, Lincoln Farm Road, Hodgenville, KY, USA

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Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, Appomattox, VA, USA

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Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, Appomattox, VA, USA

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Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, Appomattox, VA, USA

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There was a vital battle at the Appomattox Court House and is where Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union. This ended the Civil War and this is when the United States will not have slaves.

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Washington D.C. was the capital for the Union during the Civil War. There were many plans from the Confederates to take Washington D.C. because it was such an important part of the United States. Now Washington D.C. is still the capital and important to the country.

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Due to a messenger dropping the three cigars that consisted of General Lee's detailed battle plans, the Battle of Antietam became less favorable towards the Confederates. Upon discovering the cigars, General McClellan and the Union quickly adapted to the newly detected Confederate plans. Because of this massive error, the battle ended in a draw and General Lee's northern invasion failed.

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Following the Battle at Fredericksburg, the cocky and overconfident General Hooker, along with the largest Union army at the time, lost a favorable battle against the Confederates at Chancellorsville, which is in the woods of Virginia. Once again, Confederates General Lee and Stonewall Jackson were able to lead a flank to surprise the Union into retreating. As this being his peak, the victory is also General Lee's last significant battle win.

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The Four Confederate States (that joined after Fort Sumter)

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The Four Confederate States (that joined after Fort Sumter)

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1. Virginia - April 17, 1861
2. Arkansas - May 6, 1861
3. North Carolina - May 20, 1861
4. Tennessee - June 8, 1861

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- California
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Minnesota
- Maine
- New Jersey
- New Hampshire
- Rhode Island
- Oregon
- Wisconsin
- Connecticut
- Pennsylvania
- Indiana
- Kansas
- New York
- Nevada
- Vermont
- Ohio
- Michigan
- West Virginia

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The Border States (had slaves but did not secede) 

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The Border States (had slaves but did not secede) 

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- Delaware
- Maryland
- Kentucky
- Missouri
- West Virginia

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1. South Carolina - December 20, 1860
2. Mississippi - January 9, 1861
3. Florida - January 10, 1861
4. Alabama - January 11, 1861
5. Georgia - January 19, 1861
6. Louisiana - January 26, 1861
7. Texas - February 1, 1861

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In 1862, the new Union General Burnside sent most of his men to attack the General Lee's outnumbered army, who were already entrenched in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The foolish assault was regarded as slaughter of Union soldiers, as no man could make it to enemy lines. After six attempts, General Burnside and the Union retreated towards Washington D.C. in the rain for two days, which became known as the "Mud March".

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In Manassas, Virginia, two fairly similar battles were fought a year apart: the first and second Battle of Bull Run. In the First Battle of Bull Run, General Jackson and the Confederates forced the Union army, who already believed they won and ended the war, to retreat. As a result, Union troops were fearful and the Confederates were disorganized, proving that the war will not be quick or easy. At the Second Battle of Bull Run, General Pope and the larger Union believed they were only fighting General Jackson's Confederate army, however Confederate General Lee divided his forces to beat the Union once again.

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Upon General Grant and the Union's capture of Jackson, Mississippi, the Confederates were pinned in Vicksburg. In the Battle of Vicksburg, General Grant encircled the trapped Confederates, continuously bombarding and progressively starving them. As they were forced to live in caves and cellars, suffering Confederates pleaded to Jefferson Davis for food and assistance. In the end, Jefferson Davis had General Lee aid the confined troops.

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Noticing exposed troops on a plateau without dug trenches, General Johnson and the Confederates made a surprise attack on General Grant's unexpected soldiers at Shiloh, Tennessee. As this occurrence was technically unexpected to both sides, many of the Union troops were cluelessly killed. Because thousands of men had lost their lives, this battle is the most deadly fight America has ever had.

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Savannah, Georgia was a big city for the South and was used to grow cotton, rice, etc. and where the South had a big economy. The Union took Savannah and was one of the cities that was kept after the war. The city was a place with good soil and plantation.

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Richmond, Virginia was where the Confederates had industries, railroads, hospitals, prisons, etc. This is where some of the Confederates settled and was an important place to them. The Battle of Richmond was a victory for the South, but injured and killed many people.

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Chickamauga and Chattanooga were locations for vital battles in the Civil War.  In the Battle of Chickamauga the Confederates were very confident, but suffered defeat. In Chattanooga was the battle when the Union found out they were going to win the war because they won the battles both in Chickamauga and Chattanooga which were Confederate areas.

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New Orleans was a settlement area for the Confederates. The Confederates used New Orleans for supplies and settled there and was on the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River was used for transportation and was the main river throughout the war.

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Baltimore, Maryland had railroads for transportation for the North. Baltimore also had the first blood of the Civil War when people attacked Baltimore and died during the beginning of the war. Baltimore was not a place where battles took place, but was in the middle of both the Union and the South.

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The Battle of Gettysburg is arguably one of the most famous battles in the Civil War. Robert E. Lee took his army to Gettysburg to fight the Union. This battle was a huge turning point because the Union won the battle and foreshadowed they would win the war.

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The Ohio River was a big location for the Union army. The Ohio River was the source for supplies and shelter for the Union  and that is where a lot of them settled. The Ohio River was also used for the Union to go to different parts of the United States to go battle.

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The federal fortification located in the Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter, is a symbol for the start of the Civil War. After surrounding the island with fire, General Pierre G.T. Beauregard and the Confederates demanded that the Major Robert Anderson surrenders the fortification. Once he denied, the two sides fired upon each other for about 30 hours. Outgunned, Major Anderson lowered the country's flag, indicating the start of the war.

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The Potomac River was the biggest use of transport throughout the Civil War. The Potomac was used the most for the Battle of Antietam which was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. This was the war when Lee invaded and both the North and South lost many troops.

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The Rappahannock River was a vital part of the Battle of Fredericksburg. During the Battle of Fredericksburg the Confederates won by a land slide because they had a lot more troops. After the war the Union went back using the Rappahannock River and had to regroup.

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Due to the violent acts to maintain slavery, abolitionist John Brown desperately schemed a raid on Harpers Ferry, which was part of Virginia at the time. Brown planned on giving muskets to slaves in the area in order to cause a Southern uprising. Along with executing this, he cut telegraph lines and captured slave holders, erupting a siege in the factory town. As a result, four townspeople were killed and twelve were wounded, along with ten of Brown's men being killed and five being captured.

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The James River was an important location during the Civil War. The river is near Richmond, Virginia and many battles were in Richmond. The river is how the North got to Richmond and the Confederates had to defend Richmond.

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The Chesapeake Bay served as part of Union General McClellan's route toward the Confederate capital at the time, Richmond. General McClellan progressed his 120,000 men and 400 ships down the Potomac River, through the Chesapeake Bay area, and into the James River. This advancement allowed the Union to lay sixty miles within Richmond, setting up General McClellan's long awaited strike on the Confederates.

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Following the secession of seven states from the Union, the states' delegates met in Montgomery, Alabama. At their meeting, they created a constitution for the "Confederate States of America", which asserted the legality of African American slavery in the Confederate States. Along with this, the representatives elected a president and a vice-president, making Montgomery the original capital of their new government.

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As an Upper South state, Tennessee initially decided to join the Confederacy. However, in the east, more specifically the mountain regions of the state, whites were poor and slaves were limited. As a result, they would supply more volunteers to Union troops rather than the Confederate army. The territory also included and consisted of the Battle of Shiloh; the Tennessee River, which was used for transportation; and Fort Henry, which was captured by the Union in February 1862.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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As one of the five border states, Kentucky struggled to pick a side to support at the beginning of the Civil War. In the end, the state decided to join the Union. During the war, there were multiple battles fought on this state's soil. One of which was the Battle of Perryville, in which the Confederates wished to take control of the bordering land. Outnumbered, the Confederates retreated and the Union preserved their territory for the remainder of the war.

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The Mississippi River played an important role for transportation between the North and the South. The river assisted the flow of various goods, such as cotton and military weapons, along with the movement of troops into battle. Also, plenty of the Civil War fighting occured around this waterway, including Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan and the Battle of Vicksburg.