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A haploid is an organism that has a single set of chromosomes, generally animals that reproduce asexually.

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A diploid is an organism that has paired chromosomes. Humans have 23 paired chromosomes.

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Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes (one from your mother and one from your father) that have the same structure and loci positions.

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A sex chromosome is a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism, humans and most mammals have two. Females have two x chromosomes and males have one y chromosome and one x chromosome.

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A karyotype is a laboratory technique to get a visual image of a person's chromosomes.

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The human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes that are found in the nucleus, they hold the entire set of genetic instructions.

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A mutation is an alteration in a DNA sequence.

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A locus is a specific location in a chromosome, that shows where a gene or a DNA molecule is on the chromosome.

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Alleles are different versions of the same gene.

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Histones are protein that help long DNA molecules fit into a chromosome shape by providing structural support.

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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is found in bacteria and other cells, it is often circular.

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Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus that are made up of protein and a single molecule of DNA

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Inheritance is how genetic information is passed to a child from their parents, this causes most families to have very similar characteristics.

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DNA is a molecule made of two strands that connect in a double helix, it carries the genes and genetic instructions for the function of life.

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Nucleotides are nucleic acids that are made up of a five carbon pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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A gene is a section of a strand of dna that codes for proteins in the body.