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a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content a classic of the gothic novel

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10

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is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides.The image is then made permanent by treatment in a photographic fixer, which removes the remaining light sensitive silver halides.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into a photograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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A point moving through space, a long narrow mark

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Two-dimensional

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Hue, saturation, and value

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Three- dimensional

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How something feels

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Lightness and darkness

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Distances and areas around, between, and within

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A distribution of visual weight

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The illusion of action

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Joining parts together

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Using shapes, line , and colors again and again

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Showing different types

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Showing shape relationships

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Grabbing attention

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a basic body plan in which the organism can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle along a central axis, characteristic of sessile and bottom-dwelling animals, as the sea anemone and starfish.

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refers to a line that splits an object in half and, if both sides of the object are an exact mirror image of each other, then this object is said to be symmetrical.

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has two sides that don't match — it's uneven or out of whack.

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is placing two things together in order to show a contrast

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Just one color. By picking different shades of the same color, you can highlight different areas of your photographs.

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depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any colorthat is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming.

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Modern color theory uses either the RGB additive color model or the CMY subtractive color model, and in these, the complementary pairs are red–cyan, green–magenta, and blue–yellow.

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Neutral colors don't usually show up on thecolor wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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The rule of thirds involves mentally dividing up your image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines.You then position the important elements in your scene along those lines, or at the points where they meet.

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In photography, the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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Leading lines refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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Positive space refers to the main focus of a picture, while negative space refers to the background. When used creatively and intelligently, positive and negative space together can tell a story using visual composition alone.

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Negative space in photography, design, sculpture, etc... is equally as important as is positive space in overall composition. ... Simply put positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called whitespace) is the area that surrounds the subject.

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is not intended to be a creative process, but a method to make a clear journal, record or evidence of something, events or objects based on facts.

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Subjective photography emphasizes consideration of the photo that goes beyond the actual subject, inviting the viewer to interpret and reflect on the visual experience it produces.

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Constructive criticism is the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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A common unethical practice on the rise these days in the world of
photography is plagiarism. Plagiarism in its simplest terms means stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source.

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Ethics is about the moral principles that people work with. ... 'Correctness' or acceptable conduct is one of the outcomes of ethics. Photographers have developed their own ideas about what is right and wrong.

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a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.

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Diffusing light means to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. In diffused lighting, subjects will appear to have shadows with very soft edges or no edges at all. Diffused lightcan bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles.

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Ambient light means the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows etc. It can also mean artificial lights such as normal room lights.

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While the term chiaroscuro originates from the Renaissance period and is often associated with painting or drawing, it has evolved into the photographic world and now often simplymeans strong and bold contrasts between light and dark areas in a photograph.

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a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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A diptych was originally a pair of paintings hinged together

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A triptych (pronounced Trip'tik), when applied tophotography, is a group of three pictures

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The word “pixel” means a picture element. Everyphotograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. ... Canon's RAW file extension is .CR2, Nikon's is .NEF, Olympus' is .ORF, Sony's is .ARW etc. First of all, you have to set your camera to shoot RAW, or RAW+JPEG.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data.

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a format for compressing image files.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

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Automatic exposure mode (also called automatic exposure and abbreviated as AE) is a standard feature on digital cameras that will automatically determine the correct exposure for pictures without any user input other than to select the AE option before taking a picture.

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Manual mode is one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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Tv is a “priority” mode that lets you specify a shutter speed and leaves the camera to figure out everything else (aperture, ISO/ASA). Choose Tv mode when you want to control motion in your shot (often in order to either “freeze” or “blur” it).

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Program exposure mode is the thinking person's auto: the camera chooses the most important settings for you -- shutter speed and aperture -- but gives you the choice of overriding any of the other defaults.

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In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in filmphotography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. ... By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronicnoise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera

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ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor.

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a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. It allows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software and human users

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index is an index of images comprised of thumbnails; reduced size versions of images designed to give you an 'at a glance' idea of an images contents. ...

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings. In autoexposure modes, the exposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographsbrighter or darker.

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continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-number of an optical system is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles

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bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a cameraduring shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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They are simply a single leg support on which you can mount your camera and/or lens. ... Monopods are perfect for taking the weight of a heavy lens/camera combination to stop aches and pains from a long day of shooting.

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color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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It is a time when there is a very low level of ambient light but just enough blueness to the sky to give interest to the scene. It is a particularly powerful time of day for photographing cityscapes, where the neon lights can create stunning shots of the architecture whilst providing some definition to the scene.

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slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it a plant that needs a lot of shadein the shade (of something) She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.

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an overcast day gives you diffused lighting photography. This means, even light is falling over your entire scene. A bright sun and well-defined clouds create strong light and powerful shadows. If you don't want those shadows yet love natural light, shoot when it's overcast.

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Tungsten light refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish colour. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting (which generates much lower heat), and strobe lighting.

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Fluorescence photography, process that records the glow or visible light given off by certain substances when they are irradiated by ultraviolet rays.

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A flash is a device used in photography producing aflash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene. ... Flash units are commonly built directly into a camera.

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Custom white balance allows you to take a picture of a known gray reference under the same lighting, and then set that as the white balance for future photos.

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When talking about photography the term 'shadow' is used to describe the darkest parts of an image. ... Manipulation of the lighting and exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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Midtones represent the surface area between the Highlights and the Shadows and they represent an area of surface that simply has less light than the Highlights.