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Somatic gene therapy is a form of treatment that displaces a faulty gene and directly introduces a proper functioning copy or uses living cells to transport the correct gene to the acquired point on the allele. Somatic matter makes up most of the body, ie bone marrow cells. Bone marrow makes the therapy accessible because the cells are easily isolated and undifferentiated. This forms a biological role as the dividing of the cells produce blood cells. The systems and vital organs within our bodies including the; lungs, liver, and muscles, are targets for gene transfer(See figure.1). Muscles are widespread, therefore, targeting a specific region can be difficult (as stated in Procedure Obstacles). Medical physicians may perform therapy on all ages including those who are pregnant. In the state of utero, the baby is not born yet, so correcting a potential harmful disease or impairment in the babies life is beneficial. Repeated therapy sessions are essential to remaining healthy as all tissues perish and are then restored, in turn, the dysfunctional gene could return.  The therapy would diminish the disease in the patient, however not for future generations because it is non reproductive. Whereas, if a new gene would be implemented into a reproductive cell (sperm or egg), proper DNA would be passed onto the descendants.

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1. After implanting the functional gene into the patient, the immune system either accepts or rejects the gene.

2. The proper gene could overproduce enzyme or protein, affecting other body systems.

3. The faulty gene could target active genes and share the virus.

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Gene therapy delivers a treatment of inherited and acquired diseases by removing what once was a toxic gene, and replacing it with an active, effective cell. In some cases of illness, there is no prescription to prevent the failing health. Performing gene therapy on a patient displays its benefits over time. There are low chances of remission and the faulty gene will not be passed down to future generations. In turn, making the one-off treatment a forgotten issue in life.

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Somatic gene therapy is transferring genes into somatic cells of the patient, e.g. bone marrow cells. (the new DNA does not enter the eggs or sperm). There are two main types of somatic gene therapy, Ex vivo and In vivo.

Ex vivo, happens outside the body. Cells from the patients blood or bone marrow are taken out and grown and developed in a laboratory, where they are later exposed to a virus that carries the desired genes. Once the virus enters the cell, the desired gene is inserted into the DNA. The cell stays in the laboratory and grows, until it is finally injected back into the patient.

In vivo, happens inside the body. This process involves the direct insertion of the gene therapy vector. It is inserted either directly into the target organ or delivered to it by the vascular system into vessels connected to that organ.

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Analyzing the cons of emerging technology is important because the obstacles may be difficult to overcome. In regards to somatic gene therapy, they're three recognized restrictions:

1. Extracting the human gene then transferring it into the patient's cells.

2. Transferring the human gene into the correct cell.

3. The gene needs to be switched on by the sequence of DNA or put in the “active” state so it can generate proteins essential for the cell.

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(Open University,2018)

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(Shunji Tomatsu,2018)