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Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE.Sumerian cuneiform is the earliest known writing system. Its origins can be traced back to about 8,000 BC and it developed from the pictographs and other symbols used to represent trade goods and livestock on clay tablets. Originally the Sumerians made small tokens out of clay to represent the items. Sumerians developed cuneiform around 3300 B.C.E. The earliest examples of cuneiform show that it was used to record information about the goods people exchanged with one another. At first, cuneiform writing may have contained as many as 2,000 symbols to stand for sounds and for words and phrases. Over time, this number was reduced to about 700. Over five thousand years ago, people living in Mesopotamia developed a form of writing to record and communicate different types of information. The earliest writing was based on pictograms. ... Cuneiform was used by people throughout the ancient Near East to write several different languages.

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Some art examples in mesopotamia were many kinds of artists and artisans in ancient Sumer. Metalworkers made objects, like weapons and cups, as well as decorative items, such as mirrors and jewelry. Architects designed temples and ziggurats. Sculptors carved statues that adorned temples or were used in rituals. The art form of music, Music was another influential art in Sumer. The Sumerians may have believed that music brought joy to gods and people alike. Musicians sang and played instruments during temple ceremonies. They wrote love songs and entertained guests at feasts. I believe it is important to study art from civilizations because when doing this, it can help us understand who or what these different civilizations believed in or worshiped.

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The religion was central to Mesopotamian's as they believed the divine affected every aspect of human life. Mesopotamian's were polytheistic; they worshipped several major gods and thousands of minor gods. Each Mesopotamian city, whether Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian or Assyrian, had its own patron god or goddess, Each Mesopotamian city worshiped a different Minor gods or major gods three of their important beliefs are. Each Mesopotamian era or culture had different expressions and interpretations of the gods. Marduk, Babylon’s god, for example, was known as Enki or Ea in Sumer.  Another thing or place that was important to the Mesopotamian's was the ziggurat, this structure or building was used for Mesopotamian's to try to get closer to god you could say, Its purpose also was to get the temple closer to the heavens, and provide access from the ground to it via steps. The Mesopotamian's believed that these pyramid temples connected heaven and earth.

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The people of these cities in Mesopotamia were divided into three classes they might not have been equal but that's how it was, these different classes were divided into these classes above in the picture. The highest class of Mesopotamia were the kings that ruled these large and great cities and they controlled the government and laws of the town, like before they had different laws than the other cities that these kings thought fit their society and town. The other higher class people next to the kings were the priest of the city Mesopotamian Priests and Priestesses. In Mesopotamian society, priests and priestesses were equals to the king in power and honor. They were mediators between the gods and the people. Ordinary Mesopotamian's looked to the priesthood to gain the favor of the gods, especially the patron god or goddess of their city. In the next class down you had the more wealthy people of the town they had power in wealth but not as much honor and wealth as kings and priests. In these classes they were made up of wealthy merchants that are selling wealthy gems or jewelry or such other items, also in that class is government officials and landowners. Below that is the farmers that helped with the climate of Mesopotamia was dry with little rainfall, farmers depended on the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for water for their crops. The silt left behind from the flooding water made the soil fertile.. The most important crops in Mesopotamia were wheat and barley, next to the farmers were the Artisans, Artisans played an important role in the culture of the Mesopotamian people. They made everyday useful items like dishes, pots, clothing, baskets, boats, and weapons. They also created works of art meant to glorify the gods and the king.

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I believe that laws and government are important to Mesopotamia because, without the laws of Mesopotamia the cities of Mesopotamia would not be equal and fair and do not have certain balance of safety or equal rights or so, the government of Mesopotamia is very important to everyone without the government we wouldn’t have the protection we need for these cities, without the protection the cities and such other places could possibly get raided or harmed by other people but with this government they would be able to step in and protect their society/people of these different harmful happenings. This type of government would thrive and survive this different type of government was only ruled by the king each city had a different king making the laws that they thought fit their people the most. Also laws are also important to the Mesopotamian's because, it helps a lot with keeping everything in order some would say, but it does clearly help them with how to do a certain thing or job right or wrong and what they can do and what they can’t. But on the other hand there is very harmful laws such as saying as a foster child to your foster parents that you are not my father and mother your tongue will be cut off, while this might seem explicit and crucial to us, believe it or not, it was how it worked back then to teach them a lesson and when kids heard about this crucial and explicit law what do you think happened people stopped doing it, it seems almost awful itself but it helped keep everything together. There was even worse laws but again because of these explicit punishments people didn’t do it. This code of law tells me that Mesopotamian's laws might have been crucial or unfair, but they worked and this tells me they could have been very strict or wanted to have a comforting society and they didn’t want people to do or say bad things in this place, it seems that they didn’t want a bad reputation or example.

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I believe that, the rivers of

Mesopotamia are one of the most important physical features about living and where to live in Mesopotamia. The two important rivers running through Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates are important to live near and helped settlers know where to settle and start their cities. And even if you look at the map you can see that most cities settled near or even on these rivers. Another very important physical feature is land, the land of Mesopotamia Early settlers farmed the land and used timber, metals and stone from the mountains nearby. Southern Mesopotamia is made up of marshy areas and wide, flat, barren plains. This is important to Mesopotamian's because with large areas of land they are able to have a large span of crops in these areas and with mountains nearby giving Mesopotamian's the resource of getting material such as stone coal and such other materials. Also having trees nearby is a very good resource for wood and timber for different everyday needs and items for houses.