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Franglais might make some French speakers cringe, but research at the University of Ottawa is showing it's not having a negative impact on the language.

Professor Shana Poplack, who runs a sociolinguistics lab at the university, has studied thousands of words and hundreds of speakers.

She said research shows that many of the concerns people have about hybrid languages don't hold up over the long term.

"We have examined millions of words from speakers of Quebec French, as far back as 1846, most of the borrowed ones simply disappear after their first mention," she said.

The research also found that when English words do become part of the language they don't permanently alter the fundamentals of the language.

"When people borrow words, they strip them of the grammatical properties that they came with," said Poplack.

"English words are treated just like any other French word, so mixing them has no effect on the grammatical core of the language."

Poplack was a guest Wednesday on CBC Radio's Ottawa Morning. Her interview has been edited for clarity.
Why did you want to study what happens when languages blend or bleed together?
Canada is a bilingual country. People speak French here. They speak English. They mix them.

We have plenty of immigrant groups, and they maintain their languages and mix them with English as well.

In every community we've studied, people mix languages ... [We study how] people manage to mix them together and still maintain coherent sentences.
A lot of people think Franglais is a four-letter word. You can get in trouble with your French teacher if an English word sneaks in. Why do you think many people have issues with it?
This is done everywhere in the world, not just in Canada. Just about everywhere, people denigrate this kind of mixing.

They fear that the mixing will destroy the integrity of the two languages. They also believe it will lead to the disappearance of the languages.
On the question of whether English is eroding Canadian French, what did the results reveal?
That nothing could be further than the truth.

Words like jewelry, lawyer, court, terrace - all these words are French. We use them every day. Did they destroy the structure of the English language? Absolutely not. - Shana Poplack

When people mix these languages, they have two basic ways of mixing. One is going and taking a word from the other language and incorporating it into the borrowing language.

The other type of mixing is what we call switching - alternating between stretches of the two languages.

Both follow very strict unwritten rules.
Sometimes when I hear people stick a French word in where an English word should be, or vice versa, I think they just forgot the word. Or they're lazy, or they're not quite as bilingual as you might expect them to be. But it's not that?
Yes, these are the most widespread stereotypes about language mixing. Nothing of the kind [is true].

Why do we order cappuccinos? Don't we have an English word for this? And if you noticed, I just used the word "cappuccinos" using an English plural - when in fact the plural is "cappuccini."

I don't use the Italian plural because we take these words and convert them to the grammar of the borrowing language.
I know you've spoken to francophones who say that Franglais is a denigration, that English is creeping in at the expense of French. What do you say to that?
I say let's have a look at the English language, which is estimated to have up to 50 per cent of its vocabulary coming from French.

These words came as far back as the Norman Conquest [in 1066], so we don't pay that much attention to them.

Words like jewelry, lawyer, court, terrace - all these words are French. We use them every day.

Did they destroy the structure of the English language? Absolutely not.
I had a conversation with a colleague who's francophone and I asked for some examples of anglicisms that have crept into the French language. [I got] words like "check" instead of verifier and "tooter le horn" instead of klaxonner. Can you understand why a classic French educator would groan when they hear those words?
In our studies of millions of words of bilingual speech spoken in the Ottawa-Gatineau region, we found more than 20,000 English-origin words.

That sounds like a lot, but when you put that in context, it represents less than one per cent of all of the vocabulary.

These words aren't invading the language. They're quite rare, and they're not bringing their grammatical properties with them.

Purist ideas are understandable, but the science doesn't back them.

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University of Ottawa study suggests Franglais isn't weakening French | CBC News

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Franglais might make some French speakers cringe, but research at the University of Ottawa is showing it's not having a negative impact on the language. Professor Shana Poplack, who runs a sociolinguistics lab at the university, has studied thousands of words and hundreds of speakers.

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MONTREAL - For decades, the Office québécois de la langue française has stood as a rampart against the relentless creep of English. In France, people could leave their cars at "le parking," check their "mail" on their computers and relax on "le week-end."

In Quebec, the provincial language watchdog toiled to ensure people used the approved French terms: "parc de stationnement," "courriel" and "fin de semaine."

But in a new policy that is being seen by some in the province as a white flag of surrender, the Office is granting approval to some anglicisms that have gained widespread popularity in the province.

For example, restaurants can now put "grilled-cheese" on their menus rather than the cumbersome but government-approved "sandwich au fromage fondant."

Bartenders can call a cocktail "un cocktail," instead of using the made-in-Quebec facsimile "coquetel." And tennis players can take satisfaction from a well hit "smash" after the Office acknowledged that its recommended replacement - "coup d'écrasement" - just hasn't caught on.

Jean-Pierre Le Blanc, spokesman for the Office, a government body that promotes and protects the use of the French language, said the policy on linguistic borrowing adopted this year takes into account common usage among the French-speaking population.

Very few people, for example, talk about a "sandwich au fromage fondant" - which literally translates as a melted cheese sandwich. "It's the usage that determines," Le Blanc said, and in this case even francophones crave grilled cheese.

He spoke of a change in thinking at the Office, "a flexibility" that means accepting when a proposed French term has fallen flat. In explaining why "smash" is now acceptable French, the Office's online dictionary notes that its proposed replacement "did not establish itself in common usage."

The change in policy was not made lightly.

"The phenomenon of (linguistic) borrowing is always looked at closely," Le Blanc said. "Anything concerning language in Quebec is a subject that is closely tied to identity. People have strong opinions."

The nationalist Montreal newspaper Le Devoir reported news of the change Monday under a headline declaring that the Office was "opening the door to anglicisms," a move one former Office researcher denounced as "voluntary enslavement."

That critic, former research coordinator Jacques Maurais, accused the Office on his blog of abandoning its responsibilities. He quoted Quebec linguist Jean-Claude Corbeil, who in 1989 said the Office played a role of "decolonizing" the language, ridding it of remnants from an era when the English dominated the province. Maurais writes that the new policy welcoming English terms proves that for the Office, "the era of decolonization has ended."

If everyone says grilled cheese, that's not a problem. The problem is when the Office says it is the right term to use

Nadine Vincent, a linguist at the Université de Sherbrooke, said she recognizes that languages evolve and she can accept some English terms making their way into French.

But she fears the Office, sensitive to criticism that its recommendations go overboard, is relinquishing its role trying to shape language usage, even though those efforts have yielded successes. For example, the Quebec-conceived word for email - courriel - has gained widespread popularity.

"It's not the role of the Office to describe the language. People turn to the Office to know what is the right term," Vincent said. "If everyone says grilled cheese, that's not a problem. The problem is when the Office says it is the right term to use."

Still, it is not an open bar ("bar ouvert" is the recommended French expression) when it comes to borrowing from English. The Office continues to recommend French terms to counter new English words, Le Blanc said, citing the word "mot-clic" which is the accepted translation of hashtag.
* Email: ghamilton@nationalpost.com | Twitter: grayhamilton

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'Le grilled-cheese' and other select anglicisms get stamp of approval from Quebec language watchdog

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MONTREAL - For decades, the Office québécois de la langue française has stood as a rampart against the relentless creep of English. In France, people could leave their cars at "le parking," check their "mail" on their computers and relax on "le week-end."

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English loanwords have been pushing their way into languages worldwide at an increasing rate, but no language has a history of national resistance as staunch as French.

In France where language is an affair of state, opposition to Anglicisms, fronted by the Académie française, is explicitly linguistic (Anglicisms are superfluous and faddish items which must be replaced by French words) and implicitly political (Anglicisms are imports from the hegemonic United States, and the donor status of English exists at the expense of French). Whether polluters or occupiers, they are nevertheless before all new words that augment the lexicon, often for the short term and sometimes for the long term.

The escalating global influence of English raises the issue of novel and deeper contact outcomes that go beyond well-known cultural loans ( le Big Mac) and computer and Internet terminology ( le big data). The latest period of vigorous contact beginning in the 1990s has its own complex linguistic characterization, including the four singular outcomes:

(1) A significant influx of very low-frequency Anglicisms

Global English has brought in a greater volume of loanwords, which largely accounts for the perception of "too much English." However, frequency counts in one year of the daily Libération indicate that dictionary-unsanctioned Anglicisms correspond to numerous types but very few tokens (typically fewer than three). Measuring the lifespan of Anglicisms also shows that their usually short life provides them scant opportunity to replace or permeate the lexicon of French. Their brief presence is belied, however, by the lexical vitality they generate in the recipient language.

The escalating global influence of English raises the issue of novel and deeper contact outcomes that go beyond well-known cultural loans ( le Big Mac) and computer and Internet terminology ( le big data).

(2) A diversity of borrowing types

In this period of sustained virtual contact with English, French Anglicisms can be defined less homogenously than ever before. The following sample of recently borrowed items embodies the current phenomenon: serial dragueur "serial flirt" (patterned on serial killer), Dru "the" boucher (borrowed stressed definite article), toutou-sitting "doggy-sitting" (loanblend), flashcode "QR code" (false Anglicism), runnings (truncation of running shoes), e-réputation (borrowed prefix e-), etc.

(3) Reinterpretations and manipulations of loan materials

English words embark on another life cycle in French, which may be very different from their donor life. Changes are, in fact, a common pattern: the forms may change meaning, shift word class, become informal, supply emphasis, deliver humor, etc. Adjectival XXL, for instance, entered the 2014 edition of the Petit Robert dictionary with both the literal donor meaning of a clothing size ( sweat XXL "XXL sweatshirt"), and the figurative recipient meaning outside of the clothing sphere, which is ubiquitous in the press ( projet XXL "large-scale project," hommes XXL "plus-sized men," arrogance XXL "outsize arrogance"). Bilingual compounds represent a productive case of manipulation: they arise when an English compound is used as a model for coining new words in the recipient language. These compound Anglicisms provide patterns for open series of bilingual compounds in French ( serial killer > serial buteur "serial scorer," it girl > it coiffure "it hairstyle," Watergate > Penelopegate).

(4) Beyond words: borrowing of English phrases

The current contact period with English is characterized by a non-negligible qualitative extension, from the word to the phrase ( craquant, isn't it? "cute, isn't it?"). The scenario here is even more complex, for these phrases indicate that while they are borrowed as chunks, they can subsequently be revisited in original ways in French, as is the case with witty expressions détournées: no man's hand < no man's land to describe a skillful handball player; FR God save the green < EN God save the Queen).

These four patterns characterize the emergence of innovative lexical phenomena in a setting of virtual contact whose (French) community is not bilingual in English in any conventional way. French Anglicisms show the open-ended nature of the lexicon, and are testament to both the ephemeral nature of individual words and the replicable nature of borrowing. In ten years' time, many of the currently circulating Anglicisms would surely have disappeared and new items and motives for borrowing would have emerged. English influence, far from debasing French, as is often claimed, contributes to its vitality, while serving functions such as providing short-lived neologisms, conveying linguistic humor, or fueling slang.

Featured image credit: "New Year 31/52" by Gauthier DELECROIX. CC-BY-2.0 via .

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French Anglicisms: An ever-changing linguistic case | OUPblog

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English loanwords have been pushing their way into languages worldwide at an increasing rate, but no language has a history of national resistance as staunch as French.

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In Québec, French is the mother tongue of around 7.3 million people, which makes up almost 80% of the population (a further 8% are English native speakers, and 12% are classified as "allophones," meaning they speak a language other than French or English). But if you thought that the French spoken in Québec was the same as the French spoken in France then you couldn't be more wrong. Québec French, or québécois, possesses its own unique characteristics and words that are a testament to its separate history. Let's take a look at how québécois evolved throughout the centuries to become the language it is today, and if you're feeling inspired, you can try your hand at a few juicy québécois words and phrases too!

New France And English Domination

After the first exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in 1534, France laid claim to what we now know as Canada and quickly established a thriving colony. French was imposed as the lingua franca to the detriment of local dialects. But after the capture ofQuébec and Montreal by the British, New France was ceded to the British crown in 1763. The French elite left the province, trade with the continent ceased and the teaching of French declined. The Canadian Confederation was created in 1867 and, from then on, politics and the economy were ruled by the English-speaking minority.

This where the French spoken in Canada, which had been identical to Parisian French, started to evolve independently. At the end of the 19th century, industrialization led much of the rural population to move to the (predominantly English-speaking) cities. Common French speech began to mingle with English. In time, this would give rise to joual - the derogatory term was initially a corruption of parler cheval, or to "to talk horse" - which we now call québécois.

Political Recognition In The 20th century

In the 1960s, the uprising known as the Quiet Revolution led to great social and political change, and language was at the heart of the debate. In 1974, French became the official language of Québec and was adopted in the fields of labor, commerce, administration and education. The Charter of the French Language, also known as Bill 101, was passed in 1977. Various institutions were created, like the Office of the French Language, which worked with university researchers to create standards for québécois. They also produced numerous lexicographical works, such as a database of grammar and language tips called the Banque de dépannage linguistique, and a terminology hotline service.

En garde! Linguistic Debate And Evolution

Dissent over the forms of French in Quebec began in the middle of the 19th century and intensified over the following hundred years. Some felt that québécois should align itself with the French spoken in France, arguing that the archaisms and anglicisms of the popular tongue were simply wrong - the gap between spoken and written language was already sufficiently obvious. Up to the end of the 1970s, Radio-Canada, the public broadcaster of Quebec, was still trying to establish a "correct" standard of French. But the clock was ticking on elitist attitudes towards québécois: Important figures in theater, such as Michel Tremblay, started writing plays in Candian French. Gradually, the conventions of spoken québécois became accepted in literature, cinema and the media.

What Are Some Examples of Québécois?

When speaking in québécois, personal and demonstrative pronouns often get merged with the verb. Je suis becomes (I am), il becomes, elle is , je vais slips into or , and cette contracts neatly into . This pronunciation, which was used in 18th century France, is still used in popular French today and in certain dialects.

Meanwhile, pronouns are generally doubled: Quand est-ce que vous venez, vous autres ? sounds a bit like "When are you coming, you guys?" - except that they lop the endings off, so you get and c'est correc'. Just for fun, many speakers occasionally add an extra "you" into a question like c'est tu fini? (literally: "Is it you finished?").

If you want to get a flavor of the pronunciation, treat yourself to the bent delights of independent québécois filmmakers like Denis Côté or Xavier Dolan, or enjoy some short sketches like Têtes à claques, Appendices or Solange te parle.

And a personal confession: When I first heard two travelers speaking québécois, I couldn't keep the look of incredulity off my face. Surely, I thought, no one actually speaks like this! Nothing reveals our deep-seated biases quicker than a radically different accent.

What About Québécois Expressions?

Like all languages, québécois reflects the passage of time and its historical contexts. Some sayings mirror the concerns of the colonists from Northwest France, such as maritime vocabulary. One can embarquer dans une voiture (embark in a car) or couler un examen (literally, to "sink" an exam, meaning to fail), for example.

The climate has also given rise to some appropriate expressions, such as Accroche ta tuque avec une broche! (Fix your beanie with a buckle!) - a warning to get ready to run, to buckle up or to stay sharp. Another delightful québécois speciality is using to curse: A sacre crisse (sacred Christ), câlisse (chalice), hostie (host) or (tabernacle) will land you in a whole heap of merde if you use them in the wrong situation. They're a reflection of the repressive role of the Church in Québec society from the 17th century until the Quiet Revolution.

The Thorny Question Of Anglicisms

For obvious historical and geographical reasons, québécois is filled with anglicisms, and often quite old ones. Since the 1970s, English terms have been translated in a quasi-systematized fashion: is "email," is "spam," baladodiffusion is "podcasting," a skateboard is a rouli-roulant and means "to chat." Paradoxically, québécois is also stuffed with anglicisms in current usage. You'll hear C'est une bonne place, être dans le trouble, bienvenue! ("welcome," used in response to "thank you"), , , (a good first phrase to learn), and , just to name a few.

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A Brief History of Québécois (a.k.a. Canadian French) | Babbel Magazine

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In Québec, French is the mother tongue of around 7.3 million people, which makes up almost 80% of the population (a further 8% are English native speakers, and 12% are classified as "allophones," meaning they speak a language other than French or English).

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Canada is a bilingual country; both Canadian French and English are official languages. The demands of being a bilingual nation made Canada one of the earliest adopters of machine translation technology back in the 1960s, when the University of Montreal developed a computer program that could publish all nation weather reports in both English and French.

Canada has the third largest population French speakers, behind only France itself and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. But the French spoken in Canada sounds completely different from the French spoken in either Paris or Kinshasa.

These differences are so pronounced that European or African French speakers cannot always understand the regional linguistic patterns of French-Canadian citizens and vice-versa. Awareness for these regional changes is critical when accurately translating into either European French or Canadian French. The roots of those differences can be traced through the early history and development of French-Canada.

The Early Days of Canadian French

The emergence of the French-Canadian language began with the Age of Exploration in the mid-16th century, a time in which many European nations embarked on extensive overseas explorations. The French king at the time, Francis I, launched a western expedition in search of an alternative route to China which landed in 1534 on what is known today as Gaspé Peninsula.

This expedition, and the others that soon followed, established New France - a land encompassing half of what makes up today's North American continent. And the French-born settlers who moved there brought with them their culture and customs, including the French language.

However, much like other modern Romance languages ( like Spanish for example), there exists more than one way to speak French. These new settlers were from many different places within France, and represented a wide range of class backgrounds. The variety of people meant that a variety of French dialects were now spoken all within one place. And from this mixture, a wholly new version of French began to develop.

The Invention of Québécois

When the industrial revolution began in the late 19th century, Canada developed a close trading relationship with the nearby United States. And English was the primary language of business deals and negotiations. These exchanges between American and French Canadian businessmen highlighted gaps in the French Canadian vocabulary. French-speaking Canadians began adopting English words in areas such as trade, law, manufacturing and government into their version of French.

Today the French-Canadian language is legally protected in Quebec by the Charter of the French Language in 1977, a law that was passed at the height of a nationalist, separatist movement in Quebec. English usage on public signs, for example, is severely limited. Today, Quebec French, or Québécois, is the primary language in Quebec, Ontario, and New Brunswick.

Five Regional Differences

In the centuries between the establishment of New France or Quebec City and what is now the modern nation of Canada, the differences between European and Canadian French are now fixed and easy to identify, especially for French speakers. Five of the biggest differences are:

Accents. A common element of non-universal languages that develop overseas, the French-Canadian language and standard European French, which is also known as Metropolitan French, have differing accents and intonations, much like the Portuguese or Spanish

Formality. Although these accents may cause confusion, typically both Metropolitan French and Québécois speakers can understand one another. However, Québécois can be much more informal of a language by utilizing idioms, words, cultural references, and expressions unique to French-Canada. Generally, this "informal usage" is when the confusion occurs for the Metropolitan French speakers.

Grammar. From prepositions to unique Québécois grammatical structures, the syntax of these two languages can differ on varying degrees. Informal Québécois utilizes fewer prepositions and subject-object pronouns can often differ as well.

A,E,I,O,U (and sometimes Y).Québécois vowels are spoken with more nasal intonation than Metropolitan French. The speed of the vowel pronunciation can also vary between Metropolitan French and Québécois. There are suspicions that these variations are connected to the varying pronunciation between British and American English.

Vocab, slang words, etc.'Loan words' or, words adopted from a foreign language (in this case, English and a variety of other influxes picked up during the settlement of Quebec), are especially prevalent in Québécois while they are not as prevalent in Metropolitan French. This also has to do with the French-Canadian tendency to be more informal than European French.

Despite these regional differences, note that writing in European or Canadian French works in the same way. None of the above major differences carry over to written French. Both dialects utilize standard Parisian grammar and abide by the same formal French grammar guidelines.

The right combination of geography, history and economics can take a range of disparate accents and dialects and create an entirely new language. The case of European versus Canadian French illustrates that language never stands still or stays the same, it is always in a constant (if barely noticeable) state of growth and change.

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Know the Difference: Canadian French vs. European French

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Canada is a bilingual country; both Canadian French and English are official languages. The demands of being a bilingual nation made Canada one of the earliest adopters of machine translation technology back in the 1960s, when the University of Montreal developed a computer program that could publish all nation weather reports in both English and French.

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" Le génie est un passager clandestin. Ou, si vous préférez, buissonnier. Et buissonnière sera l'école que nous fréquenterons en fréquentant La Fontaine. " Erik Orsenna

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France 24 - Infos, news & actualités - L'information internationale en direct

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France 24 décrypte l'actualité internationale, politique, l'économie, l'environnement, la culture, le sport, en France et à l'international avec analyses, des interviews, des reportages exclusifs, des...

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Cambrai, in northern France, is the birthplace of the colourful French sweets known as "bêtises" (pictured), with a recipe that dates from 1830. Meanwhile, in the eastern city of Metz, the "chardons lorrains", thistle-shaped candies filled with liquor, are a particularly tricky sweet to make. These sugary delights are exported and enjoyed all over the world. FRANCE 24 takes you behind the scenes of this unique French craftsmanship.

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You are here - Sweet treats from French regions

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Cambrai, in northern France, is the birthplace of the colourful French sweets known as "bêtises" (pictured), with a recipe that dates from 1830. Meanwhile, in the eastern city of Metz, the "chardons lorrains", thistle-shaped candies filled with liquor, are a particularly tricky sweet to make.

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International Francophonie day: celebration of French language and culture

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It's international francophonie day, meaning events are held to celebrate the French language. French is spoken on five continents, by some 300 million people. It's in fifth position of most spoken language worldwide behind Chinese, English, Spanish and Arab. The French language is booming!

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Book rec for those wanting to read some beautiful prose and be inspired to travel to Paris!

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adam - homes and haunts - france - paris

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paris (france) - social life and customs - 20th century

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paris (france);social life and customs;20th century.

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biography & autobiography / personal memoirs

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travel; memoir; paris; france; essays; autobiography; biography; culture; travel writing; journalism; french; family; new yorker; essay; parenting; expats; expat; literature; 20th century; cities; travelogue; history; europe; living abroad; french culture; humor; 1990s; biographies; biography autobiography; nonfiction books; true story; inspirational; true stories; bios; non fiction; inspiration; narrative nonfiction; motivational; motivational books; memories; advice; travel essays; paris gifts; adam gopnick; adam gopnik; autobiographies

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biography & autobiography / personal memoirs

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Paris. The name alone conjures images of chestnut-lined boulevards, sidewalk cafés, breathtaking façades around every corner--in short, an exquisite romanticism that has captured the American imagination for as long as there have been Americans. In 1995, Adam Gopnik, his wife, and t...

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The New Republic's John McWhorter recently came out with an essay on why we should stop pretending French is an important language.

The piece comes in response to a New York Times article about a new initiative from the French government to increase the amount of French instruction in American schools.

To be sure, it's a little heavy handed for a foreign government to be attempting to quasi-infiltrate another country's education system.

But here's why McWhorter's wrong, and why everyone should learn French, even if this guy's the one telling you to do it:

1) For English speakers, French is the easiest language to learn.

You may have heard it's Spanish. That cannot possibly be true though, because English is actually the mutant stepchild of German and French, and it got most of its genes from its Gallic side. In fact for several centuries French was the official language of the English court. The list of English words with French roots is basically infinite.

2) And learning French makes learning Spanish way easier.

If you're reading this, we probably don't need to spell out all the socioeconomic benefits that come with learning a second language. We again assume America's natural inclination is to learn Spanish (we'll exclude Chinese). Since French and Spanish are the mutant step children of Latin, you can practically cut out a step if you ever decide to take up Spanish. And If you already know Spanish, it requires very little effort to make the jump to French.

3) All over Europe, French is still the main second language taught in school.

Forget about the Nordic countries, who've consciously abandoned their own languages for English - their languages were never important to begin with. When I lived in France, I found it impossible to communicate with the kids from Italy, China, Japan, and Mexico in anything other than French. Nor was English an option when I traveled to Poland and the Czech Republic.

Here is how the French government defines what it calls "the sphere of French language." It's much larger than you think:

4) If you want to understand modern China and Russia, you need to know French.

For all the good stuff it led to, the French Revolution gave the world its first glimpse at totalitarianism. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was basically an attempt to reenact that part of the French Revolution. And Mao's Communist revolution in China was basically an attempt to reenact the Russian Revolution. This is why Alexis de Tocqueville's book on the tragedy recently became a best-seller. Yeah, you can get it in English. But translations suck - and who is going to do the translations in the first place if we run out of French speakers?

5) Half of Africa speaks French.

To continue on the China point: As you've probably heard, Chinese corporations have begun flooding into Africa, where deals are cheap and resources are abundant. French speaking countries, Algeria top among them, comprise a significant chunk of that investment. Half of the top-10 fastest growing countries in Africa have French as an official language. We can thus expect Africa to be an increasing focus of global trade and international relations.

6) Americans still hear French all the time.

If you live in New York or Washington, you probably catch snippets of French conversation on the subway all the time. Ever wanted to be treated like an American hero? Give out directions to a lost French tourist family in their own language.

It also pops up in movies and TV shows. Knowing I spoke French, one of the first things my family asked me after seeing "Wolf of Wall Street" was what Jean DuJardin and Leo DiCaprio were saying to each other in the Geneva negotiation scene.

7) French politics is the greatest show in news.

Regularly reading the news can get depressing. The best cure for this, which your child will come to appreciate, is reading news out of France. Nothing too terrible ever really happens there these days. As a result, the French end up putting themselves in absurd situations to make life more interesting. You may have heard French President Francois Hollande was recently caught leaving his attractive actress mistress' house wearing a ridiculous motorcycle helmet. In the U.S., this would have resulted in scandal. In France, this resulted in a resurgence in Hollande's popularity.

Bottom line: For relatively minimal effort, you can learn a second language that will allow you to access useful, important and entertaining stuff.

NOW: Learn Chinese In 10 Minutes

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7 Reasons You Should Teach Your Children To Speak French

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The New Republic's John McWhorter recently came out with an essay on why we should stop pretending French is an important language. The piece comes in response to a New York Times article about a new initiative from the French government to increase the amount of French instruction in American schools.

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The Bûche de Noël cake is a French Christmas tradition that dates back to the 19th century. The cake represents the yule log that families would burn starting on Christmas Eve. The burning of the yule log symbolized the new year to come and would bring good luck to the family. While no one is positive on exactly how the yule log turned into a cake, everyone can agree it's a delicious tradition we never want to end.

Don't get intimidated by this rolled cake, but do take your time! It will feel so wrong to roll a warm cake up into a towel, but it is easier than you'd imagine. One tip is to ensure you don't over bake your cake. An over baked cake will be dry and crack as it rolls. Because it's a thin cake it bakes quickly so keep an eye on it! Another tip is to roll your cake while it is still warm. Let cool just for a few minutes and then invert it onto the kitchen towel. Warm cakes are more pliable and less likely to crack. The towel will protect your hands while rolling! During this first roll you can roll the towel into the cake and this will help you get a tighter roll. During the second roll, when the frosting is on the cake, you obviously shouldn't!

If you want your cranberries to sparkle - dissolve equal parts sugar and water in a saucepan over medium heat. Let cool, then mix in cranberries. Let cranberries cool on a baking sheet, then stir in more sugar until coated.

Mix and match the frostings and fillings to get your ideal version of this classic cake. Try a fluffy cream cheese frosting, spiked whipped cream, or fresh whipped cream with cherries. Want to give your chocolate roll cake a fun twist? Make our Buckeye Roll Cake. The peanut butter filling is INSANE.

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This Is The Easiest, Dreamiest Bûche de Noël EVER

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The Bûche de Noël cake is a French Christmas tradition that dates back to the 19th century. The cake represents the yule log that families would burn starting on Christmas Eve. The burning of the yule log symbolized the new year to come and would bring good luck to the family.

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Not to be confused with the sweet coconut based Macaroons, French Macarons (pronounced mah-kah-ROHN) are light, airy and delicate meringue sandwich cookies baked in an infinite array of flavors and fillings. The basic ingredients for the macaron shells are simple: Egg whites, powdered sugar, sugar, and almond flour.

But, as beautiful as they are to look at, French Macarons can be a little tricky to master. Their airy, delicate texture comes with a bit of baking finesse and you need to achieve "macaronage" for the perfect cookie shell. "Macaronage" is a baking term referring to the folding of the macaron's dry ingredients with the stiffly whipped egg whites. You've achieved the perfect texture, when the macarons bake with shiny domed tops and a crinkled bottom ruffle known as a "foot". Cookies that bake flat or with cracks indicate the macaron batter was either over or under mixed.

If you want to become an expert Macaron baker, watch this video and learn the best tricks and tips of the trade!
FOOLPROOF FRENCH MACARONS
Servings: 24 completed sandwich cookies
Note: Try weighing your baking ingredients like a true pastry chef to achieve optimal results.

INGREDIENTS
3 Egg Whites
¼ cup white sugar (50 g)
2 cups confectioners sugar (200 g)
1 cup almond flour (120 g)
pinch of salt
¼ tsp cream of tartar (2 ml)

RASPBERRY BUTTER CREAM (filling)
1/4 cup salted butter (120g)
3/4 cup powdered sugar (75 g)
1 cup (150 g) fresh raspberries, worked through a sieve to extract 3 tbsp of juice
Click through for the full recipe and instructions!

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Recipe: Foolproof French Macarons | Better Living

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Not to be confused with the sweet coconut based Macaroons, French Macarons (pronounced mah-kah-ROHN) are light, airy and delicate meringue sandwich cookies baked in an infinite array of flavors and fillings. The basic ingredients for the macaron shells are simple: Egg whites, powdered sugar, sugar, and almond flour.

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Are you ready to expand your horizons and share your language and culture with French students?
Applications are now closed for the 2019-2020 school year.
Applications will open again in October 2019 for the 2020-2021 school year at tapif.org, the deadline for 2020-2021 applications will be January 15, 2020.

The Teaching Assistant Program in France offers you the opportunity to work in France for 7 months, teaching English to French students of all ages. Each year, over 1,500 American citizens and permanent residents teach in public schools across all regions of metropolitan France and in the overseas departments of France such as French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. The American cohort is part of the larger Assistants de langue en France program, which recruits 4,500 young educators from 60 countries to teach 15 languages annually in France. The Assistants de langue en France program is managed by the CIEP, the Centre international d'études pédagogiques.

Visit our Prospective Applicants section to find out how you can gain valuable teaching experience, improve your language skills, and experience French culture first-hand through the Teaching Assistant Program in France.

Find answers to many of your potential questions on our FAQs page in the Prospective Applicants section!

Read first-hand accounts from current and former assistants in the Testimonials section.

What happens after TAPIF?

After a year in France, Teaching Assistants pursue global careers in education, international business, public health, international policy and development, arts and culture administration, among other fields. There are over 27,00 TAPIF Alumni across the U.S.

TAPIF Alumni are regularly recruited by top graduate schools preparing the next generation of global professionals. These schools recognize the value of language proficiency and intercultural competency, cornerstones of TAPIF.

TAPIF Alumni Scholarships support former teaching assistants who wish to pursue gradate studies at select U.S. universities, including New York University, the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, Middlebury Language Schools, the University of Virgina, Tulane University, Penn State University, the University of Wisconsin Madison, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Minnesota.

Ready to Apply?

Applications are now closed for the 2019-2020 school year.

Applications will open again in October 2019 for the 2020-2021 school year at tapif.org, the deadline for 2020-2021 applications will be January 15, 2020.

Contact

Natalie Cox
Educational Affairs Program Officer | French Embassy
4101 Reservoir Rd. NW | Washington D.C. 20007
Send an email

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Are you ready to expand your horizons and share your language and culture with French students? Applications are now closed for the 2019-2020 school year. Applications will open again in October 2019 for the 2020-2021 school year at tapif.org, the deadline for 2020-2021 applications will be January 15, 2020.

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Are you extremely tired searching google for French accents to copy and paste into your document? Sometimes, you just want to type a quick message and neglect accents because it's bothersome to remember ALT codes.

No fancy French keyboard required and no settings to switch. This stuff is built into your Macbook.

How else could I write articles here or type French papers with such ease?

THE TWO CRUCIAL STEPS

There are two steps required to type French accents on your mac device.

First, you must hold down the option key and then click on a certain letter. The letter depends on the desired accent (you'll see the combinations in the next section).

THEN, you release the two keys you were just holding down. The accent should appear on the screen although it will be hovering over nothing... you need to assign a letter to the accent!

Now type in the letter you want the accent to receive. It's that simple!

How to Produce French Accents

Cedilla: (ç)

Option key + letter c. No additional letter needs to follow.

Accent Aigu: (é)

Option key + letter e at the same time. Release all the keys you held down. Now click the e again.

Accent Grave: (à, è, ù)

Option key + ` (found in the top left of your keyboard, on the key with the tilde). Followed by a, e, or u.

Circumflex: (â, ê, î, ô, û)

Trema: (ë, ï, ü)

oe ligature: (œ)

Option key + letter q.

EXTRA EXAMPLES

While holding the option key, click "e" once (just as if you were typing the letter "e").
Release both the option key and e. Now say I wanted this accent I just produced to go above an "i." I would type in an "i" in the same manner I normally would, except this time the letter would receive the desired accent.

Pro tip: In order to make any of the accented letters capitalized, all you have to do is hold down the shift key when typing in the letter you want to assign the accent to.

Conclusion

At first glance, this all may be a little to much to take in now, don't worry! Keep referencing back here if you forget which keys to use and you'll be naturally typing accents even FASTER than when using a French keyboard.

These are all the skills I used to make typing French accents on mac computers.

Macs rock!

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Typing French Accents on Mac - FrenchCrazy

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Are you extremely tired searching google for French accents to copy and paste into your document? Sometimes, you just want to type a quick message and neglect accents because it's bothersome to remember ALT codes. No fancy French keyboard required and no settings to switch. This stuff is built into your Macbook.

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The French have their own set of words for the online world. Tutor Tyler S. shares how to type French accents, helpful phrases for email, and more!
In the most recent decade, technological advances have affected languages all over the globe. Thanks to these advances, it is easy to communicate with others over long distances at the touch of a button.

The internet and high-tech mobile devices have given rise to many new, abbreviated word forms. One example is the way the French use their own abbreviated language for social media and texting.

This article will help you modernize your French skills for a world where people text, email, and use social media, plus you'll learn how to type accents on the daily!

How to Type French Accents

There are a lot of ways to type accents using a computer keyboard or mobile device. Here is how to type accents in French using Mac, PC, Android, or iOS.

1. How to Type Accents on a Mac

Accents are easy to type when using a Mac. Below are the common keystrokes. Remember to have the caps lock on when typing uppercase characters.

Àà - Press the [`] symbol and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [a].

Èè - Press the [`] symbol and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [e].

Ùù - Press the [`] symbol and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [u].

Éé - Press [e] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [e] again.

Ââ - Press [i] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [a].

Êê - Press [i] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [e].

Îî - Press [i] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [i].

Ôô - Press [i] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [o].

Ûû - Press [i] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [u].

Ää - Press [u] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [a].

Ïï - Press [u] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [i].

Üü - Press [u] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [u].

Ÿÿ - Press [u] and the [options] key at the same time. Then press [y].

Œœ - Press [q] and the [options] key at the same time.

Çç - Press [c] and the [options] key at the same time.

2. How to Type Accents on a PC/Windows

Accents are slightly tedious to type on a PC/Windows operating system. But, it does get easy once you're in the habit. As long as you have the list below, on either a sticky note or in a word processing file for reference, you will be fine.

À - Hold [ALT] and type 0192

à - Hold [ALT] and type 0224

Â - Hold [ALT] and type 0194

â - Hold [ALT] and type 0226

Ä - Hold [ALT] and type 142

ä - Hold [ALT] and type 132

È - Hold [ALT] and type 0200

è - Hold [ALT] and type 138

É - Hold [ALT] and type 144

é - Hold [ALT] and type 130

Ê - Hold [ALT] and type 0202

ê - Hold [ALT] and type 136

Î - Hold [ALT] and type 0206

î - Hold [ALT] and type 140

Ô - Hold [ALT] and type 0212

ô - Hold [ALT] and type 147

Œ - Hold [ALT] and type 0140

œ - Hold [ALT] and type 0156

Ù - Hold [ALT] and type 0217

ù - Hold [ALT] and type 151

Û - Hold [ALT] and type 0219

û - Hold [ALT] and type 150

Ü - Hold [ALT] and type 154

ü - Hold [ALT] and type 129

Ÿ - Hold [ALT] and type 0159

ÿ - Hold [ALT] and type 0255

Ç - Hold [ALT] and type 128

ç - Hold [ALT] and type 135

3. How to Type Accents on Android/iOS

Accents are extremely easy to type using most smartphones. To type an accent using your phone's touchscreen keyboard, simply press down on the letter you want to accent and hold your finger over that same letter. A small menu will appear over the letter you selected, and various accented versions of that letter are included in that menu.

To select an accented letter, slide your finger while still holding down on the touchscreen in the direction of the letter you wish. You will see that the letter selected is darkened so that you know it is selected. Once selected, release you finger from the touchscreen, and the accented character will be typed into your current message.

For example, if you hold your finger over "u," the following set of accented letters will appear over your finger on most smartphones: ū, ú, ù, ü, û

French Vocabulary for Email

Below is the basic structure of a typical French email. Each number on the left-side column represents a basic part of an email. Below the example email is an explanation of the email's basic part and other suggestions for improving your vocabulary.
1. Information of the Addressee
This is the section where you want to correctly address the person you are emailing. Assess the level of formality you need to use, and use the addressee's correct title if applicable. Here are more words you could use in this part of the email:
2. Your Message's Information
This section simply contains the information you wish to convey in your email, such as the example used above. This example sentence is a notification to Professor Blanc to excuse the addresser of the email, because he or she is malade (sick).
3. Thank You/Farewell
This is the section where you want to either thank the addressee for their time, or write other farewell messages, like we do in American email etiquette. Here are some common phrases used by the French:
4. Information of the Addresser
This is the section where you provide your personal information, such as your name, your telephone number, your address (if pertinent), and your email address. Here is an example:

French Vocabulary for Social Media

Here is a useful list of commonly-used words from the online world of social media.

* les médias sociaux = social media

* le net = internet

* l'ego-portrait = selfie

* le statut = status

* la page web = web site

* ajouter a la liste d'ami(e)s = to add to your friendlist

* amiradier = to unfriend

* chatter = to chat

* la publication = post

* envoyer un poke = to poke

* J'aime = Like (as in the button on Facebook)

* Je n'aime plus = Unlike (as in the button on Facebook)

* l'accueil = home page

* la bôite de réception = inbox

* la discussion instantée = chat

* suivre sur Twitter = to follow in Twitter

* le tweetage = tweeting

French Vocabulary for Texting

And last but not least, we have abbreviations commonly-used by French when texting. The French call these type of words " textos," which, in English, are abbreviations similar to "lol" or "brb."

Texto Francais English

bjr Bonjour Good Morning / Hello.

bsr Bonsoir Good evening.

a2m1 à demain see you tomorrow

ALP à la prochaine until next time

2 ri 1 de rien you're welcome

Koi 2 9 Quoi de neuf? What's new?

Using these words will make you sounds très moderne in the world of French communication. Also, it is nice simply not to be confused when you encounter a texto or technological jargon. Practice using the new French vocabulary from this article, and you are sure to increase your understanding.
Ct pour auj. À bi1to! 😉
( C'est tout pour aujourd'hui. À bientôt! - That's all for today. See you soon!)
Have you come across any interesting French vocabulary online, in email, or in a text message? Share it with us in the comments below!
Post Author: Tyler S.
Tyler S. teaches in-person Spanish and French lessons in Minneapolis, MN. He received his Bachelor's degree in German and linguistics from the University of Minnesota, and has experience working as a teaching assistant and private tutor with TakeLessons since 2008. What's more? He can speak 7 different languages! Learn more about Tyler here!

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Essential French Vocabulary: Words for Your Online Life

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The French have their own set of words for the online world. Tutor Tyler S. shares how to type French accents, helpful phrases for email, and more! In the most recent decade, technological advances have affected languages all over the globe.

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Let's face it, texting or using text message abbreviations like LOL or ROLF to communicate is no longer restricted to totally cool hipster adults or tweens anymore. Even in France. If you live in France or have French friends you want to stay in touch with via Facebook, email or text messaging, try learning a few internet text message abbreviations. Here are 20 common ones to get you started.

Why should you learn some French texting slang abbreviations?

Even if you never plan on texting in French or insist on using whole words rather than abbreviated words to communicate, like my husband, it doesn't mean other people will do the same.
Understand friends texting.
I resisted learning French texting abbreviations (sometimes referred to as "French texting slang") for a long time but finally caved because I was sick and tired of logging onto Facebook or reading phone text messages from my French friends and not understanding what the hell they were saying.

For example, QDN is something I saw from time to time from one of my friends which means "Quoi De Neuf" - "What's new" in English.
Understand kids texting.
I was also bewildered by the cryptic text messages my kids sent to one another using French texting abbreviations. The kids take texting abbreviations to a whole new level which is beyond the scope of this article.
Save time texting.
Another benefit of learning French text messaging abbreviations is it helps you save time on your keystrokes when you're in a rush.

20 French texting abbreviations infographic

The infographic below lists 20 of the most useful or common text message abbreviations. Just below the infographic are more detailed explanations of each of the French text abbreviations.

**Note Variations: These are not rules and there are sometimes variations for certain French text abbreviations but not always.

For example:

MDR, which is short for "Mort de rire",( the French version of LOL) will always be MDR. There is no variation. However, QQ1 which is short for équelqa'un" (someone) can be abbreviated as QQ1, QQN or QQUN. It just depends on the user. I don't list out ever variant. I just list the one I see the most or that I use myself.
Below are the same text abbreviations in the above infographic just explained in more detail.
20 of the most common French texting abbreviations

In French, just like in English, there are different text abbreviations you would use to express different degrees of amusement or funniness. If something is funny in English, you might use the text message abbreviation LOL (laughing out loud). If something is even funnier than you would most likely use ROFL (Rolling On The Floor Laughing) or LMAO (laughing my ass off).

1- MDR:

MDR is short for "mort de rire" and is used like you would use LOL. It literally means <<dying of laughter>> and in my opinion is one of, scratch that.....It is THE most used French text message abbreviations around. I can't prove that but I know it has to be true. Even grannies use it.

note* You can use LOL when texting with a French person. They will understand what it means. They probably have no idea that it stands for Laugh out loud though. MDR LOL LOL LOL.

2- PTDR:

PTDR is short for "Pété de rire" and means you are laughing so much that you just can't laugh any more.
Use it like you would use LMAO when something is even funnier or more amusing than a simple LOL.

3- EXPDR:

EXPDR is short for "eplosé de rire" and literally means <<exploding with laughter>>. Use like ROFL or LMAO when something is funnier than a simple LOL.

4- C:

C is short for "c'est" which means <<it is>> as in "c'est magnifique", ( it's magnificent).

5- C Ca:

C ça is the abbreviation for "C'est ça" which can mean anything from <<that's it>> and <<there you have it>> to <<there you go>> and <<you got it>>.

6- CT:

CT is short for c'était which means <<it was>> or <<that was>> as in c'était fun ( that was fun or it was fun).

7- G:

G is short for "j'ai" which means <<I have>> as in J'ai beaucoup d'amis (I have a lot of friends).

8- GT:

GT is short for "j'étais" which means <<I was>> as in j'étais son amis ( I was his friend).

9- JC:

JC is short "Je sais" which means <<I know>> as in Je sais tous (I know everything).

10- TT:

TT is short for "t'étais" which means <<you were>> as in t'étais avec lui (you were with him).

11- Chuis:

Chuis is short for "Je suis" pronounced (shwee) which means <<I am>> as in je suis content ( I am happy).

12- QQC:

QQC is short for "quelque chose" which means <<something>> as in je veux quelque chose (I want something).

13- QQN or QQ1:

QQN or QQ1 is short for "quelqu'un" which means <<someone>> as in quelqu'un t'aime (someone loves you).

14- BIZ:

BIZ is short for "bises" or "bisous" which means <<kisses>>. You use this much like you would use xoxo or hugs at the end of a message. Possibly the second most used text abbreviation in French?

15- STP or SVP:

STP is short for "s'il te plait" which is the informal way to say <<please>>. If you want to text using the more formal way to say please than you would use SVP (s'il vous plait).

16- PK:

PK is short for the very useful question "pourquoi" which means <<why.>> as in pourquoi est ce que tu ne m'aime plus ( why don't you love me any more?).

17- DSL

DSL is short for "desolé" which means<< sorry>> as in je suis desolé ( I am sorry).

18- ENTK

ENTK is short for "en tout cas" which can mean <<in any case>> or <<anyways>> as in en tout cas, je t'aime ( in any case, I love you).

19- DAC

Dac is short for "d'accord" which means <<ok>> or <<all right>> as in d'accord, j'y vas avec tois ( all right, I'll go there with you).

20- MPLC:

MPLC is short for "merci pour le cache". MPLC is not really that common unless you do geocaching in France. My husband Blake first came across it when he took our daughter to find her first geocache. Someone left a note marked MPLC which simply means <<thank you for the cache>>.

Other French Language Guides

These were but a few of the hundreds of French texting abbreviations you might see your French friends using. My son uses a whole bunch more which I can't be bothered to learn.

See Also: 15 Funny French Expressions Involving Farm Animals And Bugs That Don't Make Sense To English Speakers But Will Make You Sound Like A Native!

Watch: Video of my daughter showing you 20 Useful French Words and Phrases To Learn Before You Travel To France.
PLEASE, share this post on Facebook and on Pinterest.

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20 Must Know French Texting Abbreviations for Facebook & phone...

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Let's face it, texting or using text message abbreviations like LOL or ROLF to communicate is no longer restricted to totally cool hipster adults or tweens anymore. Even in France. If you live in France or have French friends you want to stay in touch with via Facebook, email or text messaging, try learning a few internet text message abbreviations.

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French verbs using ÊTRE in past tense PASSÉ COMPOSÉ | A Cup of French

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Do you find it difficult to know which auxiliary to use when conjugating in French passé composé 🤯? Is it AVOIR or is it ÊTRE 🤔?? ➡️ Find the answer here!

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Enjoyed this infographic? Here's what you can do next:

Want this infographic on your blog or website? Easy, just copy and paste this code:

Do you have typos, weak words, or tricky grammar errors in your writing? Find out:

Tip: Bookmark that page. (You will need it later.)

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The Ultimate List of Useful Online Tools (Infographic)

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This is a list of bookmarks that have proven themselves helpful in handling everything from automation to collaboration, from writing to citing, from website coding to party planning. Let us know what you think in the comments. And be sure to suggest your own favorite online tools!

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Playbac Presse Digital: journaux jeunesse Le Petit Quotidien, Mon Quotidien, L'actu, L'éco et plus !

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Une seule plateforme digitale offrant tous nos journaux pour écoliers, collégiens et lycéens, avec archives, fiches exposés et dossiers d'actu. Consultez maintenant !

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Tex's French Grammar is the integral grammar component of Français Interactif, an online French course from the University of Texas at Austin. Français Interactif includes authentic, spoken French language via digital audio and video clips, a French grammar reference (Tex's French Grammar), self-correcting French grammar exercises, vocabulary and phonetics sections, Internet-based activities, comparative cultural polling, and an electronic workbook.

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We offer free content in the form of audio podcasts for each of the seasons of Coffee Break French. In the audio podcasts you'll be able to build your understanding of French and hear how words are pronounced. However, there's no guidance on how the words are written. This is where the online course comes in. The course offers additional materials:

full versions of each audio lesson;

a video version of the lesson which allows you to see the "words on the screen" as you listen*;

bonus audio content allowing you to consolidate your learning futher;

lesson notes for Seasons 1-3 and transcripts for Season 4 and En Route.

If you're serious about learning French we would suggest that you consider the online course to help you make faster progress with the lessons and build a deeper understanding of the language.

*Please note that the video lessons currently feature only in Season 1 and 2 courses. We plan to add video versions of the Season 3 and 4 lessons soon.

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We offer free content in the form of audio podcasts for each of the seasons of Coffee Break French. In the audio podcasts you'll be able to build your understanding of French and hear how words are pronounced. However, there's no guidance on how the words are written.

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Language Teaching and Learning Materials

Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning (COERLL)
The University of Texas at Austin * 158 W 21st St
Mail Stop B3500 * Mezes Hall 2.126 * Austin, TX 78712 * (512) 232-2312 * coerll@austin.utexas.edu
Web Accessibility * Privacy

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Language Teaching and Learning Materials Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning (COERLL) The University of Texas at Austin * 158 W 21st St Mail Stop B3500 * Mezes Hall 2.126 * Austin, TX 78712 * (512) 232-2312 * coerll@austin.utexas.edu Web Accessibility * Privacy

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Games2Teach: Where games and language learning meet We believe that games can challenge and motivate learners to use language in meaningful, productive ways. Studies have shown that game-based approaches to learning develop social skills, improve deep knowledge, and provide better outcomes for learners. Originally designed by Dr. Jonathon Reinhardt from the University of Arizona and ...