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i added all of ur name

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Some citations were added.

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I have added my name below the title of my segment (Ways to Stop). Remember to add your names in your respective segments ya.

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Water is essential to life. It needs not be spelt out exactly how crucial it is as more than 70% of the Earth’s surface is water-covered. Water pollution is one of the most serious ecological threats we are facing nowadays. Water pollution is contamination of water bodies by toxic substances which dissolve in lakes, rivers and oceans. The water quality is degraded and spells disaster for aquatic ecosystems. According to WWF (add year), there are 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water and industrial waste are dumped into water. More than 80% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated which polluted rivers, lakes and coastal areas (author, year). The pollutants seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drinking.

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Water pollution is a terrible threat for the society, even for a country. Specifically in Malaysia, there are a lot of issues regarding water pollution itself, until recently an incident hits Johor’s Pasir Gudang and affected a lot of its residents.

An illegal chemical waste dumping were conducted by several irresponsible individuals on March 6.

With around 506 total victims by March 13, and 111 schools were closed simultaneously, the state government had a lost of RM 1 Million just to aid the affected patients and for the cleanup of Sungai Kim Kim.

In my opinion, one of the ways to actually avoid this incident is to reinforce the law regarding water pollution. This is to forbid and do frequent checking to avoid illegal waste dumping and all sorts of acts affecting water pollution in Malaysia. A higher value of fine also needs to be done to show that there is no place for irresponsible and illegal waste dumping that leads to water pollution.

Below is the infographic for the incident stated above

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We all drink water that comes from a source which may be lakes, local rivers or seas. Many water bodies near urban area which is cities and towns are highly polluted. This is the result when garbage dumped by individuals and poisonous chemical released by factories manufacterers, hospitals and schools. In fact, it caused 1.8 million deaths in 2015, according to a study published in The Lancet.

1. Increase level of economic interdependence
When a nation’s water condition worsened, this limits the quantity of usable, drinkable water of consumers. This might also drives towards panic moves by the government such as buying water sources from another nation. For example, if a country has controlled level of water sources and it was mainly polluted, they have to buy water from nearby countries, which may leads to interdependencies of nations and advantage taking of host nation, by the latter can also cause unbalanced agreement between two countries. Malaysia and Singapore has practiced water sources deal and negotiations, although it was not caused by water pollutions because Singapore has very limited water resources, however we cannot predict future as things might happened if water pollutions are not be able to exterminated in near future.

2. Decrease level of usable water
Pollutions, as far as we know, may cause diseases. This includes such as diarrhea, poisoning and even major sicknesses. When water is being polluted due to irresponsible acts by humans, this causes major problems towards society as water is consider basic needs towards humans. Water did not limit human usage to drinkings, it might as well used for agriculture and even tourism businesses. Imagine bags of rubbishes and chemicals thrown into the river and cause cloggings and chemical wastages, human might not be able to drink clean water, plants die from chemical compounds caused by garbage and water parks might be closed due to bad level of water quality. Simple act like those may contribute to downfall of multiple industries and might break down a country’s economy.

Conclusion
Although the negative effects previously stated, there are some brightsides of water pollution. For example, massive water pollution donates indirect effect on job availability. Workforces are scarce in reversing the pollution caused towards one’s water source (rubbish in rivers, chemical pollution etc.) by having them to find effective solutions and performing it on reasonable basis. Forces ranging from cleaners to scientists can contribute towards guaranteeing cleaner water and preventing sub-par water quality in near future.

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CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
Most water pollution does not begin in the water itself. From young age, people were exposed what is the causes of water pollution. There are many causes of water pollution that comes from variety sources such as chemicals, land and human activities. The well-known causes of water pollution is the spills of oil from the ship and oil tanker. This oil spills causes the sea or ocean polluted. The biggest oil spill in recent year was in year 1989. It occurred when the tanker Exxon Valdez broke up in Prince William Sound in Alaska and caused around 12 million gallons of oil were released into the Pristine Wilderness (cite the year of the source referred to). Nutrients or to be more clear, fertilizers also is also one of the causes of water pollution. Nowadays, scientist had upgraded the fertilizers to make it more effective such as mix the fertilizers with chemicals that have some bad effects on water if large amount of it enter our seas or ocean. People might not concern about the usage of this fertilizers but the truth is this fertilizers can cause a massive increase in the growth of algae or plankton.. Growth of algae in water will cause the dissolved oxygen in the water decrease and can cause more harmful to the aquatic life. As populations increases and number of space per population decreases, humans are more in need of space to create buildings and residencies . As need for lands increase, some government take major actions, one of them is cutting down trees to gave way to buildings. While it might be helpful for infrastructure, some irresponsible acts might perform illegal loggings in order to obtain more spaces. Illegal loggings basically mean loggings that were not planned properly, covered by human’s greed for land property. Such lack of planning when performing these illegal activities may cause damages like landslides, due to unstrategic logging location contributed by non-existance of planning. Landslides causes soil, some might contain dangerous organisms such as red soil to slide downhill into rivers and solute into water, which causes the water become unuseable and hard to be filtered.

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DRAFT Effects of water pollution (part1)

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DRAFT Effects of water pollution (part1)

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DRAFT Effects of water pollution (part2)

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DRAFT Effects of water pollution (part2)

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Ways to stop water pollution.

There are a lot of feasible ways that can be used to minimise water pollution. These actions can be done either individually or collectively. Certain people, especially the ones who are involved in causing water pollutions think that harmful and poisonous substances usually disappear once they are discharged into water while others may try to ignore the fact that water pollutants take a long time to disappear and selfishly dump these pollutants to the water systems for their own profit. According to a study published in The Lancet (2017), 1.8 million deaths in year 2015 were solely due to water pollution. Chris Woodford (2017) suggested that the 3 ways to overcome water pollution collectively are education, laws and economics. Rujuta Borkar (2018) stated that the 3 ways to prevent water pollution individually are by saving water, using natural products and regularly taking your car to service.

By taking actions collectively:

1. Education

Chris Woodford (2017) emphasized that “making people aware of the problem is the first step to solving it.” This means that public awareness is crucial in reducing water pollution. NST Online (2017) reported that the non-governmental organisations such as Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations, Forum Air Malaysia and Water and Energy Consumers Association were trying to overcome the water pollution at Sungai Semenyih by conducting an awareness campaign for the residents in the areas near the river. The campaign was held for three days and the activities involved were as follows: cleaning the town area, awareness program for the public and students as well as alternative waste disposal sessions for the industrial sector. By increasing the knowledge of people regarding water pollution helps them to identify the consequences of polluting the water system. Therefore, people would be more cautious when deciding their actions so that they will not contaminate the water system.

2. Laws

According to Chris Woodford (2017), environmental laws shall operate across international and national borders to effectively toughen people to harm the environment. Enforcement of law can help prevent water pollution by giving harsher punishment on water polluters. In Malaysia, we have strict laws such as the Environmental Quality Act 1974. In the Act, those who cause water pollution will be fined up to RM100,000 or face a jail term up to five years or both. However, the current existing punishment is not enough for all the psychological stress caused by the pollution. For example, RM100,000 will not be enough to even pay for the river rehabilitation and human impact costs.

3. Economics

Chris Woodford (2017) also added that the most effective way concurred by many experts to deal with water pollution is through the ‘polluter pays principle’. The key behind this rule is that the ones who pollute the environment must pay to clean his or her doings. The ‘polluter pays principle’ rule is a versatile rule. For example, an oil tanker owner has to remove insurance that covers the oil spill clean-ups costs. It could also work in a way as how shoppers pay for their plastic grocery bags not only in Malaysia but also in many other countries. This rule helps to stop people from polluting the environment by decreasing the costs for them to be more environmental friendly.

By taking actions individually:

1. Save water

Rujuta Borkar (2018) shared that when more water is saved, the contaminated water needed to be treated will be less. This can also help to lower the pressure due to high demand on the resources. Saving water is not a difficult task. Just by turning off the tap when not in use, you can actually save water. There are many other ways you can save water. For example, by using the washing machine only when the load is heavy enough, not taking baths for too long and use a mop or cloth to wash the yard instead of a hose pipe.

2. Use natural products

Rujuta Borkar (2018) suggested that by using natural products, we can minimise pressure on the water resources as well as help reduce the cost needed to treat water. Natural products, unlike chemical products, they do not contaminate the water system when disposed because they are biodegradable. If one finds that natural products are more expensive than chemical products, one can make their own at home. Dawn Gifford (2015), the author of ‘Sustainability Starts at Home: How to Save Money While Saving the Planet’ shared many ways to reduce pollution in affordable ways. One of the ways is by making your own non-toxic laundry detergent at home. In her website, ‘Small Footprint Family’ (2017), she shared various tips and ways to save the environment. Beside DIY detergent, she also suggested other DIY natural products such as coconut milk shampoo sticks, dandelion magnesium lotion and natural hand sanitizer.

3. Service your car regularly

Vehicles such as our cars release pollutants such as carbon monoxide gas, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other hazardous fluids to the environment. This can lead to not only water pollution but also air pollution. Rujuta Borkar (2018) proposed that taking our car to the service station can halt wastage of water and even get rid of pollution. This is because service stations usually discard water into the sewer system, therefore preventing the hazardous substances from flowing to water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the sea. The sewage will then be treated to prevent dangerous chemical substances from being released to the environment.

Conclusion

Last but not least, there are actually many other ways to stop water pollution aside from the ones stated above. Water is a very important resource to the survival of human race and covers more than 70% of the surface of the earth so it is crucial that we look into the study of water. Water pollution harms this important resource by making it unfit for human use and invariably causes harm to human health. Together, let us start playing our role as the inhabitants of the planet to save the environment and stop water pollution. We can make our water sources clean again. Remember, every drop counts.

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