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Captain Cook was sailing the Pacific ocean in search of the Northwest Passage and stumbled upon the Hawaiian Islands. He was killed shortly after during an attempt to take the chief hostage.
This was the first encounter between Hawaiians and missionaries, inevitably leading to chaos. Captain Cook was also the first to document the islands existence.

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1820 - A Party of Missionaries Came to the Islands

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1820 - A Party of Missionaries Came to the Islands

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A new group of American missionaries come to Hawaii to influence christianity and western ways of life onto the Hawaiians.
They were the first people to influence a new religion and introduce Hawaiians to the English language, teaching them how to read and write.

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1827 - Hawaii Adopts the First Western Law

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1827 - Hawaii Adopts the First Western Law

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Hawaii adopted the first western law into its system, making adultery illegal. Despite their previous laws and religious beliefs regarding adultery they still adopted this law. making adultery illegal.
Hawaii's law were based solely off of their religion. As the Hawaiians abandoned their religion and transitioned to christianity, they had to create new laws to accomodate to that. This was the first of many western laws that were soon adopted by Hawaii.

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1843 - America Proclaimed Hawaii's Sovereignty

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1843 - America Proclaimed Hawaii's Sovereignty

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The United States declared that no other nation could contest Hawaii's sovereignty. In return, Hawaii gained protection from nearing European nations.
During this time, America began to take interest in Pearl Harbor as a military base and a port for trading centers.

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The Great Mahele divided land amongst the hawaiian social classes and the foreigners. They adopted the western idea of being able to purchase land. Foreigners purchased the most land, leaving the common folk with about 1% of land.
Foreigners took advantage of the fact that most Hawaiians weren't fluent in English and didn't fully understand the terms of land ownership. And as Hawaiians didn't have an established currency because they traded, most Hawaiians didn't have the money to purchase land.

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The reciprocity treaty gave the U.S. exclusive use of Pearl Harbor. In return, Hawaii could export their sugar to the states tax free.
King Kalakaua was hesitant about giving up control of Pearl Harbor, but soon gave in , as to not miss a crucial economic opportunity.

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In 1883, a group of missionaries created a political reform party that supported the annexation of Hawaii. They called themselves the Hawaiian League.
They criticized King David Kalakaua's rule and spread rumors of his ineptitude to be king and of treason. In addition to this, most of the members of the Hawaiian League were also members of the Honolulu Rifles, a group of caucasian military men.

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The Hawaiian Rifles, descendents from caucasian missionaries, held  King David Kalakaua and gunpoint and forced him to sign a treaty.
By signing this treaty, King Kalakaua signed away most of his political power as monarch. The treaty also gave Americans many rights in the islands, like the right to vote, while limiting the power and rights of the Hawaiians.

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Shortly after the death of King David Kalakaua, his sister, Queen Liliuokalani took over as acting monarch, becoming the first ever women to do so.
With Queen Liliuokalani taking the thrown and the death of her brother, the Queen tried to undo the Bayonet Constitution. WIth that the Annexation club was formed. THe Annexation club, lead by Lorrin Thurston, aimed to dethrone the Queen and end the Hawaiian monarchy, eventually leading to the annexation of Hawaii by the United States.

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Queen Liliuokalani knew that America would soon gain full dominance of Hawaii. In hopes of preventing this, she drafted a new Constitution. This constitution restored all her powers as monarch and gave rights back to her people. She brought this to the Cabinet but they refused to sign it. The Cabinet had no Native Hawaiian members on it, despite Queen Liliuokalani's numerous attempts to do so.

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Lorrin Thurston voyaged to Washington D.C. in hopes of gaining the support of President Harrison. President Harrison supported the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
During this time, 2 of the Queen's Cabinet members told the Annexation club about the Queen's plan to draft a new Constitution and urged them to do something about it.

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Retaliating against the Queen's efforts to reestablish power to the monarchy, the Annexation club formed the Committee of Safety. This group of 13 individuals, lead by  Lorrin Thurston, had one goal, which was to end the Hawaiian monarchy.
They were informed of a Hawaiian retaliation in the process so with the help of John L. Stevens, they called upon the USS Boston military force to come to Honolulu in hopes of threatening the Queen into submission.

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The Hawaiian Monarchy was officially overthrown and Queen Liliuokalani signed away her powers as monarch. President Harrison, was for the overthrow and planned for annexation in 1893, but was succeeded by President Cleveland who opposed the overthrow, but his term finished before he could undo this act. President William Mckinley took over and proceeded with the annexation of Hawaii.