# data[].attributes.body
A powerful earthquake that hit Japan on Saturday was an aftershock of the devastating 9.0 magnitude quake that struck the same area almost 10 years ago, according to the national Meteorological Agency.

The 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck the country's east coast at 11:07 p.m. Saturday February 13th, 2021.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
japan earthquake was 'aftershock' of devastating 9.0-magnitude quake that hit in 2011 - cnn

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Japan rocked by 'aftershock' from devastating 9.0-magnitude quake that hit in 2011

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A powerful earthquake that hit Japan on Saturday was an aftershock of the devastating 9.0 magnitude quake that struck the same area almost 10 years ago, according to the national Meteorological Agency.

# data[].attributes.body
A powerful 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck the main island of Japan and caused a masive tsunami that flodded close to 200 square miles of costal land. During that 15,894 people died. 90% of those deaths were caused by drowning and 2,546 people went missing.

# data[].attributes.body
was an extremely violent and large tropical cyclone that caused widespread destruction across its path. The thirty-eighth depression, ninth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, it was the strongest typhoon in decades to strike mainland Japan, and one of the largest typhoons ever recorded, with a peak gale-force diameter of 825 nautical miles (950 mi; 1529 km). Hagibis was also the deadliest typhoon to strike Japan since Typhoon Tip in 1979. Its death toll is marginally higher than that of Typhoon Bess in 1982 and Typhoon Tokage in 2004.

# data[].attributes.headline
Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's magma chamber could be 1.6 megapascals higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.[43] However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active fumaroles and recently discovered faults, are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.[44]

# data[].attributes.subject
Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's magma chamber could be 1.6 megapascals higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.[43] However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active fumaroles and recently discovered faults, are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.[44]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
3,776.25 to 3,778.23 m (12,389.3 to 12,395.8 ft)

2,077 km (1,291 mi)

(富士山, ( Mount Fuji Fujisan, Japanese: [ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ] listen )), located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, standing 3,776.24 m (12,389.2 ft). It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest peak of an island on Earth.[1] Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano that last erupted from 1707 to 1708.[4][5] The mountain is located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Tokyo and is visible from there on clear days. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is covered in snow for about five months of the year, is commonly used as a cultural icon of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers.[6]

Mount Fuji is one of Japan's " Three Holy Mountains" along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku. It is a Special Place of Scenic Beauty and one of Japan's Historic Sites. It was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013. According to UNESCO, Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mount Fuji locality. These 25 locations include the mountain and the Shinto shrine, Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha, as well as the Buddhist Taisekiji Head Temple founded in 1290, later depicted by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai.

The current for Mount Fuji, 富 and 士, mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "a man of status" respectively. However, the name predates kanji, and these characters are ateji, meaning that they were selected because their pronunciations match the syllables of the name but do not carry a meaning related to the mountain.

The origin of the name Fuji is unclear, having no recording of it being first called by this name. A text of the 9th century, Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, says that the name came from "immortal" and also from the image of abundant soldiers ascending the slopes of the mountain. An early folk etymology claims that Fuji came from 不二 ( not + two), meaning without equal or nonpareil. Another claims that it came from 不尽 ( not + to exhaust), meaning never-ending.

(虹, Hirata Atsutane, a Japanese classical scholar in the Edo period, speculated that the name is from a word meaning, "a mountain standing up shapely as an ear of a rice plant". British missionary John Batchelor (1854-1944) argued that the name is from the Ainu word for "fire" ( fuchi) of the fire deity Kamui Fuchi, which was denied by a Japanese linguist Kyōsuke Kindaichi on the grounds of phonetic development ( sound change). It is also pointed out that huchi means an "old woman" and ape is the word for "fire", ape huchi kamuy being the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that include fuji as a part also suggest the origin of the word fuji is in the Yamato language rather than Ainu. Japanese toponymist Kanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root as wisteria and rainbow niji, but with an alternative reading, fuji), and came from its "long well-shaped slope".

Modern linguist Alexander Vovin proposes an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading */puⁿzi/: the word may have been borrowed from Eastern Old Japanese */pu nusi/ 火主 meaning 'fire master', see wikt:富士#Etymology 3.

In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the honorific suffix used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the Sino-Japanese reading of the character yama used in Sino-Japanese compounds. In Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki romanization, the name is transliterated as Huzi.

Other Japanese names for Fuji Mount, which have become obsolete or poetic, include Fuji-no-Yama (ふじの山, "the Mountain of Fuji"), Fuji-no-Takane (ふじの高嶺, "the High Peak of Fuji"), Fuyō-hō (芙蓉峰, "the Lotus Peak"), and Fugaku, created by combining the first character of 富士, Fuji, and 岳, mountain.

Mount Fuji is an attractive volcanic cone and a frequent subject of Japanese art especially after 1600, when Edo (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the Tōkaidō road. According to the historian H. Byron Earhart, "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan". The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.

The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was forbidden to women until the Meiji era in the late 1860s. Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town of Gotemba. The Minamoto no Yoritomo held in the area in the early Kamakura period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir Rutherford Alcock in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours. Alcock's brief narrative in The Capital of the Tycoon was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West. Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir Harry Parkes, was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji in 1867. Photographer Felix Beato climbed Mount Fuji two years later.

On March 5, 1966, BOAC Flight 911, a Boeing 707, broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure from Tokyo International Airport. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died in the disaster, which was attributed to the extreme clear-air turbulence caused by lee waves downwind of the mountain. There is a memorial for the crash a short distance down from the Gotemba New fifth station.

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain climbing. In the early 20th century, populist educator Frederick Starr's Chautauqua lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji-1913, 1919, and 1923-were widely known in America. A well-known Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice. It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances, inspiring the Infiniti logo, and even appearing in medicine with the Mount Fuji sign.

In September 2004, the manned weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at 3,780 metres (12,402 ft), was replaced by a fully automated meteorological system.

Mount Fuji was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013. However, the inscription became controversial after two professors at the Mt. Fuji World Heritage Centre, Shizuoka, were forced to quit their jobs because of academic and racial harassment by officials of Shizuoka prefecture government in March 2018.

Mount Fuji is a very distinctive feature of the geography of Japan. It stands 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft) tall and is located near the Pacific coast of central Honshu, just southwest of Tokyo. It straddles the boundary of Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures. Four small cities surround it: Gotemba to the east, Fujiyoshida to the north, Fujinomiya to the southwest, and Fuji to the south. It is surrounded by five lakes: Lake Kawaguchi, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Sai, Lake Motosu and Lake Shōji. They, and nearby Lake Ashi, provide views of the mountain. The mountain is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far as Chiba, Saitama, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Lake Hamana when the sky is clear. It has been photographed from space during a space shuttle mission.

The summit of Mount Fuji has a tundra climate ( Köppen climate classification ET). The temperature is very low at the high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is −38.0 °C (−36.4 °F) recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) recorded in August 1942.

Mount Fuji is located at a triple junction trench where the Amurian Plate, Okhotsk Plate, and Philippine Sea Plate meet. These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the Izu Peninsula respectively. The Pacific Plate is being subducted beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is also located near three island arcs: the Southwestern Japan Arc, the Northeastern Japan Arc, and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc.

Mt. Fuji's main crater is 780 metres (2,560 ft) in diameter and 240 metres (790 ft) in depth. The bottom of the crater is 100-130 metres (330-430 ft) in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of 1.5-2 kilometres (0.93-1.24 mi) are 31°-35°, the angle of repose for dry gravel. Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in scoria. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the piedmont.

Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called Sen-komitake, is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. Sen-komitake was followed by the " Komitake Fuji", a basalt layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of Komitake Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.

Pre-Komitake started erupting in the Middle Pleistocene in an area 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again which formed Komitake Volcano in the same location. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitake Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago, and is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but which is now almost completely buried. A large landslide on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of lava, lapilli and volcanic ash, have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic cinder cones, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, Omuro-Yama, is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 lava tunnels and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.

As of December 2002, the volcano is classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the Hōei eruption which started on December 16, 1707 (Hōei 4, 23rd day of the 11th month), and ended about January 1, 1708 ( Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month). The eruption formed a new crater and a second peak, named (after the Hōei era), halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi. Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption. However on the evening of March 15, 2011, there was a magnitude 6.2 earthquake at shallow depth a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side. But according to the Japanese Meteorological Service there was no sign of any eruption.

Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's magma chamber could be 1.6 megapascals higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent. However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active fumaroles and recently discovered faults, are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.

The Buddhist Hokkeko believers of Nichiren Shoshu sect piously claim that the Dai Gohonzon mandala grants supernatural protection from the Buddhist deities against possible volcanic eruption of Mount Fuji through the daylight morning ritual of Ushitora Gongyo.

The forest at the northwest base of the mountain is named Aokigahara. Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons, Yūrei and Yōkai haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places poor families abandoned the very young and the very old. Aokigahara is the world's third most popular suicide location after San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge and the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge . Since the 1950s, more than 500 people have died in the forest, mostly suicides. Approximately 30 suicides have been counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 bodies in 2002. The recent increase in suicides prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince individuals experiencing suicidal intent to re-think their desperate plans, and sometimes these messages have proven effective. The numbers of suicides in the past creates an allure that has persisted across the span of decades.

Many of these hikers mark their travelled routes by leaving coloured plastic tapes behind as they pass, causing concerns from prefectural officials with regard to the forest's ecosystem.

The closest airport with scheduled international service is Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport. It opened in June 2009. It is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Mount Fuji. The major international airports serving Tokyo, Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport) in Tokyo and Narita International Airport in Chiba are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.

Approximately 300,000 people climbed Mount Fuji in 2009. The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest. Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1. Climbing from October to May is very strongly discouraged, after a number of high-profile deaths and severe cold weather. Most Japanese climb the mountain at night in order to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is called 御来光 goraikō, "arrival of light".

There are four major routes to the summit, each has numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting North): Kawaguchiko, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes. Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba. There are four additional routes from the foot of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.[citation needed ]

Even though it has only the second-highest fifth stations, the Yoshida route is the most-popular route because of its large parking area and many large mountain huts where a climber can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next-popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the new fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours while the descent can take from three to four hours.

Even though most climbers do not climb the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, one could run down these ash-covered paths in approximately 30 minutes. Besides these routes, there are tractor routes along the climbing routes. These tractor routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and they tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, the tractor paths are off-limits to the climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, one can sometimes see people riding mountain bikes along the tractor routes down from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it becomes difficult to control speed and may send some rocks rolling along the side of the path, which may hit other people.

The four routes from the foot of the mountain offer historical sites. The Murayama is the oldest Mount Fuji route and the Yoshida route still has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity recently and are being restored, but climbing from the foot of the mountain is still relatively uncommon. Also, bears have been sighted along the Yoshida route.

Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually manned during the climbing season, but huts below fifth stations are not usually manned for climbers. The number of open huts on routes are proportional to the number of climbers-Yoshida has the most while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to start later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Also, because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.

There are eight peaks around the crater at the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where the Mount Fuji Radar System used to be (it was replaced by an automated system in 2004). Climbers are able to visit each of these peaks.

Paragliders take off in the vicinity of the fifth station Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on the south side of the mountain, in addition to several other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.

In Shinto mythology, Kuninotokotachi (国之常立神, Kuninotokotachi-no-Kami, in )(国常立尊, Kuninotokotachi-no-Mikoto, in Nihon Shoki) is one of the two gods born from "something like a reed that arose from the soil" when the earth was chaotic. According to the Nihon Shoki, Konohanasakuya-hime, wife of Ninigi, is the goddess of Mount Fuji, where Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha is dedicated for her.

In ancient times the mountain was worshipped from afar. The Asama shrine was set up at the foothills to ward off eruptions. In the Heian period (794-1185) volcanic activity subsided and Fuji was used as a base for Shugendō, a syncretic religion combining mountain worship and Buddhism. Worshippers began to climb the slopes and by the early 12th century, Matsudai Shonin had founded a temple on the summit.

Fuji-kō was an Edo period cult centred around the mountain founded by an ascetic named Hasegawa Kakugyō (1541-1646). The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in the Meiji period and although it persists to this day it has been subsumed into Shintō sects.

As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in various art media such as paintings, woodblock prints (such as Hokusai's Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji and 100 Views of Mount Fuji from the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film, manga, anime, pottery and even Kawaii subculture.

Before its explosive eruption in 1980, Mount St. Helens was once known as "The Fuji of America," for its striking resemblance to Mount Fuji. Mount Taranaki / Mount Egmont in New Zealand is also said to bear a resemblance to Mount Fuji, and for this reason has been used as a stand-in for the mountain in films and television.

# data[].attributes.body
A volcanic eruption of Mount Ontake took place on September 27, 2014, killing 63 people.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

The cover is visually disturbing

The cover is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!

Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A volcanic eruption of Mount Ontake took place on September 27, 2014, killing 63 people. Mount Ontake is a volcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu around 100 kilometres northeast of Nagoya and around 200 km west of Tokyo.

# data[].attributes.body
In 2011 a huge earthquake striked Tohoku, Japan. This earthquake was recored to have a magnatuide of 9.1. After the earthquake a tsunami came with waves up to 33 feet. It killed over 15,000 people. This as also the biggest earthquake to hit Japan at the time and it was top 5 of biggest earthquaks in the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Earthquakes M5.5+ around Japan (1900-2016)
M7.0-7.9=163 EQs, M8.0+=14 EQs.[1]

This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter magnitude scale ( ML) or the moment magnitude scale ( Mw), or the surface wave magnitude scale ( Ms) for very old earthquakes. The present list is not exhaustive, and furthermore reliable and precise magnitude data is scarce for earthquakes that occurred before the development of modern measuring instruments.

Although there is mention of an earthquake in Yamato in what is now Nara Prefecture on August 23, 416, the first earthquake to be reliably documented took place in Nara prefecture on May 28, 599 during the reign of Empress Suiko, destroying buildings throughout Yamato province.[2][3][4] Many historical records of Japanese earthquakes exist. The Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was created in 1892 to conduct a systematic collation of the available historical data, published in 1899 as the Catalogue of Historical Data on Japanese Earthquakes.[4]

Following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was superseded by the Earthquake Research Institute in 1925.[3] In modern times, the catalogues compiled by Tatsuo Usami are considered to provide the most authoritative source of information on historic earthquakes, with the 2003 edition detailing 486 that took place between 416 and 1888.[3]

In Japan, the Shindo scale is commonly used to measure earthquakes by seismic intensity instead of magnitude. This is similar to the Modified Mercalli intensity scale used in the United States or the Liedu scale used in China, meaning that the scale measures the intensity of an earthquake at a given location instead of measuring the energy an earthquake releases at its epicenter (its magnitude) as the Richter scale does.[5]

Unlike other seismic intensity scales, which normally have twelve levels of intensity, shindo (震度 , seismic intensity, literally "degree of shaking") as used by the Japan Meteorological Agency is a unit with ten levels, ranging from shindo zero, a very light tremor, to shindo seven, a severe earthquake.[5] Intermediate levels for earthquakes with shindo five and six are "weak" or "strong", according to the degree of destruction they cause. Earthquakes measured at shindo four and lower are considered to be weak to mild, while those measured at five and above can cause heavy damage to furniture, wall tiles, wooden houses, reinforced concrete buildings, roads, gas and water pipes.[5]

Date and time

Magnitude

Fatalities

Name of quake

Name in Kanji

Rōmaji name

Epicenter

Description

November 29, 684 ( proleptic Gregorian calendar)
November 26, 684 ( Julian calendar)

8.4 MK (Kawasumi scale)[6]

101-1,000
684 Hakuhō earthquake
白鳳南海地震
Hakuhou Nankai jishin
Various references estimate the quake's magnitude at 8.0 to 8.4, with damage being "severe". The dates of the quake have also been listed variously as October 14 (incorrect date) and November 24.[7] It was at this point in time that the Japanese confirmed the link between earthquakes and tsunamis, and began keeping detailed records of them. Their tsunami records are studied by geologists to this day.[citation needed ]

June 5, 745 (G)
June 1, 745 (J)

7.9 MK

occurred at Minoh

天平地震
Tenbyou jishin
Some references describe the quake as occurring on June 9[8]

July 13, 869 (G)
July 9, 869 (J)

8.9 MK

1,000+[9]
869 Jōgan earthquake
貞観地震
Jōgan jishin

May 27, 1293 (G)
May 20, 1293 (J)

7.1 Ms

23,024[11]
1293 Kamakura earthquake
鎌倉大地震
Kamakura Daijishin
The earthquake struck close to the city of Kamakura, Kanagawa and its magnitude has been estimated in the 7.1-7.5 range.[12] It possibly triggered a tsunami (though not all experts agree)[13][14] and the death toll has been reported as 23,024.[11]

August 3, 1361 (G)
July 26, 1361 (J)

8.4 Ms
1361 Shōhei earthquake
正平南海地震
Shōhei Nankai Jishin
Triggered a tsunami.[15][16]

September 20, 1498 (G)
September 11, 1498 (J)

8.6 MK

31,000[17]
1498 Meiō earthquake
明応地震
Meiō jishin
Occurred off the coast of Nankai, Japan, at about 08:00 local time on 20 September 1498. It had a magnitude estimated at 8.6[17] MS and triggered a large tsunami. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but 31,000 casualties were reported.[18]

January 18, 1586

7.9 MK
1586 Tenshō earthquake
天正大地震
Tenshō Daijishin
Some islands in Ise Bay reportedly disappeared.[19][20]

December 2, 1611

8.1

2,000+
1611 Sanriku earthquake
慶長三陸地震
Keichō Sanriku Jishin

June 16, 1662

7.25 - 7.6 M

700-900[24]
1662 Kanbun earthquake
寛文近江・若狭地震
kanbun Ōmi wakasa jishin
Lake Biwa south

October 30, 1662

7.9 M w

200
1662 Hyūga-nada earthquake
-

-

Offshore Kyushu

Major tsunami and seismis shaking damage.[26]

1667

8.5-9.0 M

unknown

1667 Kanbun Tokachi-oki earthquake

寛文十勝沖地震 (scientific)
kanbun Tokachi-oki jishin
Offshore Tokachi region

Inferred earthquake from tsunami deposits near Kushiro, Kuril Trench rupture. No record as the region was not yet under Japanese control.[27][28]

May 21, 1792

6.4 MK

15,448[32]
1792 Unzen landslide and tsunami[clarification needed ]
島原大変肥後迷惑

Changes to the Ariake Sea coastline, in the center of Mount Unzen, Kumamoto Prefecture (right) and the Amakusa Islands (see below) were affected by the tsunami

An earthquake caused by volcanic activity of Mount Unzen (in the Shimabara Peninsula Nagasaki, Japan). It killed 15,000 people altogether, due in large part to a tsunami that was triggered by the collapse of nearby Mount Mayuyama's southern flank into the bay. The incident is also referred to with the phrase ' Shimabara erupted, Higo affected' (島原大変肥後迷惑), as many people in Higo, ( Kumamoto, located 20 km (12 mi) away across the Ariake Sea) were also killed by the resulting tsunami, which then bounced back to hit Shimabara again.[32]

May 8, 1847

7.3 M

8,600+
1847 Zenkoji earthquake
善光寺地震
Zenkōji Jishin
Nagano Basin (then Shinano Province)

In the central area of Nagano, many buildings collapsed, including Zenkōji temple. The earthquake triggered a complex variety of resulting disasters, which included fires, landslides, and flooding due to the formation and subsequent collapse of a "dam" made of debris from the collapsed buildings. According to the confirmed official report, the death toll throughout the region reached at least 8,600. 21,000 houses were damaged and 3,400 burned, and an additional 44,000 homes were damaged by the landslides in the area.

April 9, 1858

7.0

200-300
1858 Hietsu earthquake
飛越地震
Hietsu Jishin
Atotsugawa Fault

February 22, 1880

5.5-6.0

0

1880 Yokohama earthquake

横浜地震
Yokohama Jishin
Yokohama City

July 28, 1889

6.3

20
1889 Kumamoto earthquake
熊本地震
Kumamoto Jishin
Tatsuda fault

First major earthquake after the establishment of the Seismological Society of Japan in 1880.

September 1, 1923

8.3 ML

142,800[39]
1923 Great Kantō earthquake
大正関東地震
(関東大震災)
Izu Ōshima

March 3, 1933

8.4 Mw[41]

3,000+
1933 Sanriku earthquake
昭和三陸地震
Shōwa Sanriku Jishin
290 km (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate

Kamaishi Bay, Iwate after 1933 earthquake and tsunami

June 28, 1948

7.1 Mw

3,769
1948 Fukui earthquake
福井地震
Fukui Jishin
near Maruoka, Fukui

August 19, 1961

7.0

8

1961 North Mino earthquake

北美濃地震
Kitamino Jishin
One of the earthquakes that the Japan Meteorological Agency named for the.[46] 8 people dead.[47]

April 1, 1968

7.5 Mw

0
1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake
1968年日向灘地震
Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Hyūga-nada Jishin
Hyūga-nada Sea

[49]

December 17, 1987

6.7 Mw

2

1987 Chiba earthquake

千葉県東方沖地震

Chiba Toho-oki jishin

2 people killed and 146 injured.[54]

January 15, 1993

7.6 M w

2

1993 Kushiro-Oki earthquake

釧路沖地震

Kushiro-Oki Jishin

January 17, 1995

7.3 Mj

6,434
Great Hanshin earthquake
兵庫県南部地震
(阪神・淡路大震災)

northern end of Awaji Island

Damage in Kobe

An earthquake in Japan that occurred on Tuesday January 17, 1995 at 05:46 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It measured 6.8 on the Moment magnitude scale ( USGS),[56] and Mj7.3 on the revised (7.2 on the old) JMA magnitude scale.[57] The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The hypocenter of the earthquake was located 16 km (9.9 mi) beneath its epicenter,[57] on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km (12 mi) away from the city of Kobe.

May 4, 1998

7.5 Mw

0

1998 Ryukyu Islands earthquake

石垣島南方沖地震
Ishigakijima nanpō-oki jishin
The epicentre was in the Philippine Sea, far off the coast (260 km from Ishigaki Island, Japan, 400 km from Basco, Philippines, and 425 km from Hualien, Taiwan).[58]

February 26, 2010

7.0 Mw

1

Ryūkyū Islands earthquake

沖縄本島近海地震
Okinawa-hontō-kinkai Jishin
[68]

December 21, 2010

7.4 Mw

0

Bonin Islands earthquake

父島近海地震
Chichijima-kinkai Jishin
[69]

March 9, 2011

7.2 Mw

0

2011 Tōhoku earthquake foreshock

東北地方太平洋沖地震( Foreshock)
(東日本大震災)

[70]

March 11, 2011
05:46:23 UTC
(14:46 JST)

9.1 Mw

19,759 deaths,[71] (2,553 people missing[72])

2011 Tōhoku earthquake
東北地方太平洋沖地震
(東日本大震災)

Damage in Sendai

This megathrust earthquake's hypocenter was reported to be off the Oshika Peninsula, the east coast of Tōhoku[73] It was the strongest to hit Japan and one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world since seismological record-keeping began.[74][75][76] It was followed by a tsunami with waves of up to 40 m (130 ft) along the Sanriku coast.[77] The disaster left thousands dead and inflicted extensive material damage to buildings and infrastructure that led to significant accidents at four major nuclear power stations.

March 11, 2011
06:25:50 UTC

7.1 Mw

0

2011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock

東北地方太平洋沖地震( Aftershock)
(東日本大震災)

6.8 Mw

0

Izu Islands, Japan

鳥島近海地震
Torishima-kinkai Jishin
242 km (150 miles) SW of Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, Japan 365 km (226 miles) S of Hamamatsu, Honshu, Japan

7.1 Mw

0

Off the east coast of Honshu

福島県沖地震
Fukushima-ken oki jishin
[82]

November 22, 2014

22:08:18 JST

6.2 Mw

6.7 MJMA

2014 Nagano earthquake

長野県地震

Nagano-ken jishin

The earthquake injured 41 people and affected the entire Chubu region. The quake also generated many surface ruptures, mostly near Hakuba Village.[83][84]

June 18, 2018

07:58:35 JST

5.5 Mw

4

2018 Osaka earthquake

大阪府北部地震

Ōsaka-fu Hokubu Jishin

2 km NNW of Hirakata, Osaka[89]

September 6, 2018

03:07:59 JST

6.6 Mw

41

2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake

北海道胆振東部地震

Hokkaido Iburi Tōbu Jishin

27 km E of Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan[90]

May 5, 2023
14:42:04 JST

6.2 Mw

1

2023 Noto earthquake

奥能登地震

Notohanto-Oki jishin (Off the Noto Peninsula Earthquake)

49 km NE of Anamizu

January 1, 2024
16:10:09 JST

7.5 Mw

245 deaths (2 people missing)

2024 Noto earthquake

能登半島地震

Reiwa 6-nen Notohanto Jishin

42 km NE of Anamizu

1. ^ USGS Earthquake Catalog Search

2. Hammer, Joshua. (2006). ^ Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 62-63.

3. ^ Ishibashi, K. (2004); "Status of historical seismology in Japan" (30 pages); Earthquake catalogue 47 (2-3); Collections: 04.06.05. Historical seismology; Annals of Geophysics, accessed 2011-03-19 (English summary)

4. Tatsuo Usami "Historical earthquakes in Japan", In: William H.K. Lee, Hiroo Kanamori, Paul C. Jennings and Carl Kisslinger, (Eds.), International Geophysics, Academic Press, 2002, Volume 81, Part 1, International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, pp. 799-802, ISSN 0074-6142, ISBN 978-0-12-440652-0, doi:10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80254-6

5. ^

6. Kawasumi, H., 1951, Measures of earthquakes danger and expectancy of maximum intensity throughout Japan as inferred from the seismic activity in historical times, ^ Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 29, pp.469-482

7. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016.

8. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016.

9. ^ Satake, K; Sawai, Y.; Shishikura, M.; Okamura, Y.; Namegaya, Y.; Yamaki, S (2007). "Tsunami source of the unusual AD 869 earthquake off Miyagi, Japan, inferred from tsunami deposits and numerical simulation of inundation". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, Abstract #T31G-03. 2007: T31G-03. Bibcode:2007AGUFM.T31G..03S.

10. ^ Haeing Yoong, K. (2010). "Past three Kanto earthquakes inferred from the tsunami deposits survey in the southern Miura Peninsula, Central Japan". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 42. p. 106. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014.

11. ^ Shishikura, M.; Echigo, T.; Maemoku, H.; Ishiyama, T.; Nagai, A. (2008). "Uplifted sessile assemblages on the southern coast of the Kii Peninsula, related to historical earthquakes along the Nankai Trough" (PDF). 23: 21-26.

12. reported.^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7383&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display

13. ^ Yuji Kanaori; Kazuhiro Tanaka; Masahiro Chigira (2000). Engineering geological advances in Japan for the new millennium. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080530925.

14. ^ Toshihiko Sugai; Yuichiro Fusejima; Yasuo Awata; Takashi Azuma; Yoshihiko Kariya; Yasuhiro Suzuki. "Late Holocene paleoseismicity of the Yoro fault system". National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.

15. ^

16. ^ Ishibashi, K. (2004). "Status of historical seismology in Japan" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2/3): 339-368.

17. ^ 報告書（1662 寛文近江・若狭地震） Cebinet Office（Japan）Retrieved 2018-03-05

18. Susumu Yamaga「日本列島の地震・津波・噴火の歴史」pp. 72-73.2018-03-05 Reading. ^ ISBN 978-4-86064-476-5

19. ^ Satake, K. (2015). "Geological and historical evidence of irregular recurrent earthquakes in Japan". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A373 (20140375). Bibcode:2015RSPTA.37340375S. doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0375. PMID 26392616.

20. ^ Yanagisawa, H.; Goto, K.; Sugawara, D.; Kanamaru, K.; Iwamoto, N.; Takamori, Y. (2016). "Tsunami earthquake can occur elsewhere along the Japan Trench-Historical and geological evidence for the 1677 earthquake and tsunami". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 121 (5): 3504-3516. Bibcode:2016JGRB..121.3504Y. doi:10.1002/2015JB012617.

21. ^ Miyazawa, M.; Mori J. (2005). "Historical maximum seismic intensity maps in Japan from 1586 to 2004: construction of database and application" (PDF). Ann. Disaster Prev. Res. Inst. Kyoto Univ. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011.

22. ^ Usami, T. (1979). "Study of Historical Earthquakes in Japan" (PDF). Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute. 54: 399-439. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.

23. Kawade Shobō Shinsha Editorial Team (eds.). "Ansei Daijishin" (安政大地震, "Great Earthquakes of Ansei"). ^ Ō-Edo Rekishi Hyakka (大江戸歴史百科, "Historical Encyclopedia of Great Edo"). Tokyo: Kawade Shobō Shinsha Publishers, 2007, p. 253.

24. ^ 横浜地震（1880年） Japan,Yahoo（Japanese）Retrieval 2018/04/06

25. Kanamori, H. ( 1977), ^ The energy release in great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 82( 20), 2981- 2987, doi:10.1029/JB082i020p02981.

26. ^

27. ^ Japan Meteorological Agency[permanent dead link ] Shindo Database Search Retrieved August 16, 2008

28. ^ 気象庁が命名した気象及び地震火山現象 Archived 2018-04-07 at the Wayback Machine Japan Meteorological Agency（Japanese）Retrieval 2018/04/06

29. ^ 岐阜県の地震災害 Archived 2018-04-07 at the Wayback Machine Gifu Prefecture Official Site（Japanese）Retrieval 2018/04/06

30. ^ Kawasumi, H. (1968). "1. Introduction" (PDF). In Kawasumi H. (ed.). General Report on the Niigata Earthquake of 1964. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Press.

31. ^ "jb000139 1..16" (PDF).

32. ^ Sidle, R.C.; Pearce, A.J.; O'Loughlin, C.L. (1985). "1 Significance of Soil Mass Movement". Hillslope stability and land use. Vol. 11. American Geophysical Union. pp. 1-9. ISBN 978-0-87590-315-6.

33. ^

34. The City of Kobe (2008-01-01). "Statistics" (PDF). The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Statistics and Restoration Progress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-27.

35. ^ "Earthquake Report: Southeast of Taiwan". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Neic.usgs.gov. Nov 10, 2003. Archived from the original on 2010-02-02.

36. ^ "2007 年７月16 日10 時13 分ころ新潟県上中越沖で発生した地震について （第２報）" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2007-07-16.

37. ^ "Powerful earthquake strikes Niigata, causes leak at nuclear power plant". Japan News Review. 2007-07-16. Archived from the original on 2011-03-17.

38. ^ Niigata earthquake death toll rises to eleven Archived 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine Japan News Review, July 23

39. ^ "Result of searching the database of felt earthquakes" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency.[permanent dead link ]

40. ^ "平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第162報）（令和4年3月8日）" [Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake] (PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部 [Fire and Disaster Management Agency]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-27. Page 31 of the PDF file.

41. ^ "平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第162報）（令和4年3月8日）" [Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake] (PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部 [Fire and Disaster Management Agency]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-27. Page 31 of the PDF file.

42. ^ "Tsunami hits north-eastern Japan after massive quake". BBC News. 11 March 2011.

43. ^ Akahisa, Kitamura (12 May 2016). "Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami". Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. 3 (12): 12. Bibcode:2016PEPS....3...12K. doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0092-7. hdl:10297/9424. S2CID 130694321.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
List of earthquakes in Japan - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter magnitude scale ( ML ) or the moment magnitude scale ( Mw ), or the surface wave magnitude scale ( Ms ) for very old earthquakes.

# data[].attributes.body
This deviating tsunami lasted 2 1/2 hours

# data[].attributes.body
the most recent earthquake near japan was a 5.8 magnitude and affected japan as well as Russia.

# data[].attributes.body
A 7.9 earthquake which hit in 1923 resulted in many deaths and disasters. It lasted about 4-10 minutes and produced even fire tornados.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The ruined Ryōunkaku in Asakusa, which was later demolished

# data[].attributes.body
Japan's typhoon season ranges from May to October each year, peaking in August and September. There is no need to avoid travel during these months, however. Each year, about 30 typhoons or tropical storms form over the Pacific ocean.

# data[].attributes.body
Typhoons in 2009

Typhoon Sinlaku in 2002
In August 2009, 13 people died and 15 were missing when Typhoon No. 9 struck central Japan, with the worst hit areas south of Osaka in Hyogo and Okayama Prefectures. Twelve of the dead and eight of the missing were caught up in floods in Hyogo Prefecture. Some of them were washed away by flooded rivers, caused by heavy rains that fell at rates exceeding 70 millimeters an hour, as they tried to make their way to evacuation centers. Six people from two families reported missing are believed to have been swept away by the swollen Sayogawa River.

-Andres albano

# data[].attributes.body
Heavy rains caused dirt and rocks to slide down a mountain killing two people. Kyushu Island got twice as much rain as usual. People near mountains had to be evacuated.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Heavy rains in southern Japan have eased after landslides killed two people.

Authorities have maintained evacuation orders in place, warning that there is a risk of more landslides.

Since Friday, some areas of Kyushu received as much as 1,000mm of rain, more than double the usual volume, according to public broadcaster NHK.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Heavy rains in Japan cause landslides and floods

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Heavy rains in southern Japan have eased after landslides killed two people. Authorities have maintained evacuation orders in place, warning that there is a risk of more landslides. Since Friday, some areas of Kyushu received as much as 1,000mm of rain, more than double the usual volume, according to public broadcaster NHK.