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PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that may be characterized by an abnormal menstrual cycle, excessive facial or body hair, and numerous tiny cysts in the ovaries. The cause is unknown but is thought to be due to environmental and genetic factors. Treatment includes birth control pills and procedures to remove hair. Nikki Bella has PCOS.

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Diabetes Mellitus Type II is diabetes mellitus in which insulin production may be normal, but the body cannot use the insulin efficiently, nor can it increase insulin production sufficiently to compensate. This type of diabetes is diet-related and with it don't respond to insulin well. There is no cure, but someone with type 2 can lose weight, exercise, and take diabetes medications. Tom Hanks has type 2 diabetes.

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Type 1 diabetes is diabetes mellitus in which insulin secretion is deficient due to abnormalities in the islets of Langerhans, causing hyperglycemia. People typically get this during adolescence. Treatment involves maintaining normal levels of blood sugar through methods such as insulin therapy and exercise. Nick Jonas has this condition.

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Hyperthyroidism is the overproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid. This accelerates your body's metabolism, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, a rapid heartbeat, and irritability. This is a common medium-term condition experienced by 200,000+ Americans that can usually be resolved in month. Zoe Saldana has hyperthyroidism.

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Goiter is enlargement of the thyroid gland. Causes include inflammation of the thyroid or iodine deficiency. It does not usually indicate a tumor or cancer. Missy Elliot has Grave's Disease which includes the symptom of having a goiter.

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Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid. Treatments for thyroid cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, and they have high rates of success. Compared to other cancers, it is relatively uncommon and easily treatable. Sofia Vergara battled thyroid cancer.

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Prolactinoma is a non-benign tumor of the pituitary gland. The tumor causes the pituitary gland to make too much prolactin, which decreases the amount of sex hormones. This affects how women make breast milk and can cause irregular menstrual periods in women. Tara Palmer-Tomkinson had prolactinoma.

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Dwarfism is a genetic or medical condition of being abnormally small or short, usually defined by an adult height of 4´10¨ or less. Dwarfism has many causes, one of them can be endocrine dysfunction resulting from a lack of Growth Hormone. Another cause can be genetic. Peter Dinklage has dwarfism.

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Gigantism is excessive growth of body parts, often due to hypersecretion of GH. The pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone leading to growth of bones in children or adolescence. It is often called by a tumor in the pituitary gland. André René Roussimoff, or André The Giant, had gigantism.

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Hashimoto disease is the chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis and results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones. Essentially, the thyroid has an inflammation that leaks so there are excessive thyroid hormones, and people with this experience fatigue and weight gain. There is no cure, but pills can be taken. Gina Rodriguez has this disease.

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Grave´s disease is an autoimmune condition that results in hyperthyroidism. It is characterized by bulging eyeballs and an enlarged thyroid gland. Essentially, the thyroid is overactive and overproduces hormones. George H. W. Bush is one person who has this disease.

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Cushing´s disease is a condition resulting from the hypersecretion of cortisol. It may be caused by a tumor or prolonged use of steroids. It is characterized by weakness; thin, easily bruised skin; hypertension; and weight gain. Essentially, is is when you have too much cortisol (from steroids or the adrenal glands). King Henry VIII is thought to have had Cushing's.

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Addison´s disease is a disease resulting from insufficient secretion of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. It is characterized by progressive anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, increased skin pigmentation, joint pain, and loss of appetite. Essentially, the adrenal glands above the kidneys do not produce enough hormones. John F. Kennedy had Addison´s Disease.

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Hypothyroidism is the decrease in the amount of thyroid hormone. The thyroid isn't creating enough of the thyroid hormone, which slows down metabolism. Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, change in voice, and dry skin. Gina Rodriguez has hypothyroidism.