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“Atomic Theory of John Dalton.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dalton/Atomic-theory#ref217771.

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Despite his growing affluence and influence, his frugality persisted. He died of a stroke and was accorded the equivalent of a state funeral by his fellow townsmen.

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President of the Literary and Philosophical Society

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President of the Literary and Philosophical Society

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In Manchester he was elected president of the Literary and Philosophical Society in 1817, continuing in that office for the rest of his life. The society provided him with a laboratory after the New College moved to York. Dalton remained in Manchester and taught private pupils.

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When faced with the Royal Society’s rejection of his 1838 paper “On the Arseniates and Phosphates,” he had it printed privately, noting bitterly that Britain’s chemistry elites, “Cavendish, Davy, Wollaston, and Gilbert are no more.” His atomic theory eventually began to prove its worth, and its author gained widespread recognition. He was elected into the fellowship of the Royal Society of London and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, awarded an honorary degree from the University of Oxford, and elected as one of only eight foreign associates of the French Academy of Sciences, taking the place vacated by the death of Sir Humphry Davy.

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However, that knowledge of ratios was insufficient to determine the actual number of elemental atoms in each compound. For example, methane was found to contain twice as much hydrogen as ethylene. Following Dalton’s rule of “greatest simplicity,” namely, that AB is the most likely combination for which he found a meretricious justification in the geometry of close-packed spheres, he assigned methane a combination of one carbon and two hydrogen atoms and ethylene a combination of one carbon and one hydrogen atom.

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Different compounds were formed by combining atomic building blocks of different masses. As the Swedish chemist, Jöns Jacob Berzelius wrote to Dalton: “The law of multiple proportions is a mystery without the atomic theory.” And Dalton provided the basis for this theory.

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By far Dalton’s most influential work in chemistry was his atomic theory. He based his theory of partial pressures on the idea that only like atoms in a mixture of gases repel one another, whereas unlike atoms appear to react indifferently toward each other. This conceptualization explained why each gas in a mixture behaved independently. This view was later shown to be erroneous, but it did serve as a useful purpose in allowing him to abolish the idea.

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In 1793 he moved to Manchester to to teach mathematics at a dissenting academy, the New College. He took proof sheets of his first book with him to Manchester, they were a collection of essays on meteorologic topics that were later used to make a book called, Meteorological Observations and Essays, and was publised in 1793.

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He had two mentors while teaching, Elihu Robinson, a Quaker gentleman of some means and scientific tastes in Eaglesfield, and John Gough, a mathematical and classical scholar in Kendal. From these men, Dalton got the rudiments of mathematics, Greek, and Latin. Although he still gained practical knowledge through the construction and use of meteorologic instruments as well as instruction in keeping daily weather records.

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He attended John Fletcher’s Quaker grammar school in Eaglesfield. When he was 12 years old, Fletcher turned the school over to John’s older brother, Jonathan, who called upon the younger Dalton to assist him with teaching. Then two years later the brothers purchased a school in Kendal, where they taught approximately 60 students, some of them boarders.

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John Dalton was born into a Quaker family, his father was a weaver, his grandfather Jonathan Dalton was a shoemaker, and his mom was Deborah Greenup. Dalton was the youngest of the three that survived to adulthood.

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John Dalton was an English meteorologist and chemist, a pioneer in the development of modern atomic theory.

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John Dalton died on July 27, 1844

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John Dalton was born on September 6, 1766, in Eaglesfield, United Kingdom