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National Commission for Culture and the Arts

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National Commission for Culture and the Arts

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A Filipino people with a strong sense of nationhood and deep respect for cultural diversity.

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Giant Lantern Festival in San Fernando, Pampanga

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Giant Lantern Festival in San Fernando, Pampanga

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City of San Fernando - Christmas Capital of the Philippines

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The parol of star lantern is perhaps the paramount Filipino Christmas symbol - colorful, crafted with love and aglow with the spirit of the season. The Christmas lantern or Parul Sampernandu in Kapampangan can never be distanced from the town which created it, the City of San Fernando. It is what San Fernando is known for. And it is what has made the city famous all over the country and even around the world.

The word parol derives from the Spanish farol, meaning lantern or light. Filipinos place much significance on the symbolism of light, the star regarded as a fount of light and a sign of hope in the predominantly Christian country in Asia. Such a creation however, did not come without the untiring efforts of the Fernandinos, and more so, their ingenuity and innovation. And it is because of the Parul Sampernandu that San Fernando has earned for itself the title of "Christmas Capital of the Philippines."

The San Fernando lantern industry progressed from the Giant Lantern Festival of San Fernando. The festival, which is held every December, finds its root in Bacolor where a much simpler activity was held. "Ligligan Parul" (Lantern Competition) was said to have started in San Fernando in the year 1904. But some say that the "Ligligan Parul" did not happen immediately after the transfer and in fact began in 1908. This forerunner of the present day Giant Lantern Festival was in a religious activity which we know today as "lubenas", a nine-day novena before Christmas, which coincided with the "simbang gabi" from December 16 to 24. This tradition gradually evolved as the lanterns became bigger and the designs more intricate. Later, one big lantern was made for each barrio, which was created through a cooperative effort.

It was in the year 1931 the electricity was established in San Fernando, thus sparking the birth of the first Giant Lantern Festival. The added illusion of dancing lights highlighted the bright colors and intricate designs of these Giant Lanterns. At this time, the lights were controlled by individual switches that were turned on and off following the best of the music. In the years that followed, more improvements were introduced to the giant lanterns. Colored plastic replaced the traditional papel de hapon.

In replacement of bamboo, the lantern makers weld together a steel frame, which follows the design itself. The frame is the lined with cardboard and foil followed by another enormous task, placing the over 5,000 light bulbs in their places and wiring them up together using hundreds of yards of electrical wires. Large steel barrels called rotors also replaced the hand-controlled switches to maneuver the lights. Strips of masking tape on this rotors establish the sequence of the switching on and off of the lights. Hairpins, attached to the end of the wires leading to each bulb, connect the lights to the rotor, which in turn, is connected to the source of electricity.

Today, the simple lantern made of paper glued over a bamboo frame with rice paste has evolved into spectacular shapes and kaleidoscopic splendor - but its message of light and hope remains the same.

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City Information and Communications Technology Office (CICTO)

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Giant Lantern Festival at The City of San Fernando

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The parol of star lantern is perhaps the paramount Filipino Christmas symbol - colorful, crafted with love and aglow with the spirit of the season. The Christmas lantern or Parul Sampernandu in Kapampangan can never be distanced from the town which created it, the City of San Fernando.

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Clark airport ground lighting 81% complete

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Clark airport ground lighting 81% complete

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Louella Desiderio - The Philippine Star

MANILA, Philippines - Clark International Airport's ground lighting system project is now over 80 percent complete and is expected to be finished by January next year.

In a statement yesterday, Clark International Airport Corp. (CIAC) said the new airfield ground lighting system (AGLS) at the Clark International Airport is 81 percent complete.

An inspection was conducted by CIAC president Aaron Aquino, CIAC vice president for operations Irish Calaguas with the agency's project engineers and representatives from project contracting firm Evercon Builders and Equipment Corp. last Wednesday.

Aquino said the project valued at P491.89 million started in November last year.

He said the project is expected to be completed on Jan. 5, next year.

The project involves the rehabilitation and upgrade of runway and taxiway lighting and signages.

Also covered by the project is the construction of a modern 300kVA powerhouse with isolating transformers and lightning surge arresters.

"As the pandemic cases decline, we anticipate the recovery of the airport's profitability in a new normal setting soon (and) this new airfield lighting project is expected to improve Clark's air traffic control system especially with the new passenger terminal building," Aquino said.

The pandemic has resulted in a decline in air travel.

Aquino said the ground lighting system project is in line with the government's master plan for the Clark airport.

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Clark airport ground lighting 81% complete

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Louella Desiderio - The Philippine Star MANILA, Philippines - Clark International Airport's ground lighting system project is now over 80 percent complete and is expected to be finished by January next year. In a statement yesterday, Clark International Airport Corp. (CIAC) said the new airfield ground lighting system (AGLS) at the Clark International Airport is 81 percent complete.

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SDG 3 AS AN AVENUE TO SOLVE HOSPITAL CONGESTION DUE TO COVID-19

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SDG 3 AS AN AVENUE TO SOLVE HOSPITAL CONGESTION DUE TO COVID-19

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View this for more information about SDG 3.

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Goal 3: Good health and well-being - The Global Goals

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Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

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Why SDG 3?

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Surge in COVID-19 cases strains Central Luzon hospitals

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Surge in COVID-19 cases strains Central Luzon hospitals

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Jose B. Lingad Memorial General Hospital (JBLMGH), Pampanga’s regional hospital that is also serving its surrounding eight provinces, has reached its total capacity causing them to not be able to accept patients anymore.

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, Pampanga, Philippines - Patients afflicted with COVID-19 have been arriving in ambulances at Jose B. Lingad Memorial General Hospital (JBLMGH) here and would queue for hours in makeshift tents while health-care workers scramble to find available oxygen cylinders and beds.

The surge in cases in Central Luzon region has left only eight beds available out of 481 reserved for COVID-19 patients at JBLMGH, Dr. Monserrat Chichioco, the hospital's medical director, told the Inquirer on Tuesday.

She said the hospital had reached its full capacity on Monday but some beds were immediately vacated since "death is fast among critical patients."Chichioco said two large tents had been set up behind the main building to accommodate COVID-19 patients and their relatives as they waited for rooms. Each tent has 10 beds and 10 oxygen cylinders.

The isolation emergency room can only serve eight patients at a time, she said. The disinfection of previously occupied rooms takes time.

Based in this Pampanga capital, the government-run JBLMGH caters to patients from seven provinces in the region.

Central Luzon has recorded 1,903 new cases and 14,546 active cases as of Tuesday. The region had recorded 164,369 total COVID-19 cases since last year, with 145,842 recoveries and 3,971 deaths.

According to the latest data from OCTA Research on Tuesday, the number of COVID-19 cases in the region has been increasing in terms of incidence, or the average daily attack rate (Adar), which monitors the daily increase or decrease in infections for every 100,000 population.

OCTA said Bataan remained on a critical level while Bulacan, Pampanga and Zambales were on high incidence level. The provinces of Tarlac, Nueva Ecija and Aurora were at a moderate level of incidence.

In Tarlac, all 46 intensive care unit (ICU) beds in 24 private and government hospitals have been occupied since Aug.11, the Department of Health (DOH) said.

Makeshift wards

Patients at the Tarlac Provincial Hospital were forced to stay at makeshift wards with oxygen support along hallways and outside the building.

At least 111 new COVID-19 cases were recorded in the province on Tuesday, raising its active cases to 995. Tarlac has recorded 12,013 cases since the pandemic began last year, with 10,672 recoveries and 346 deaths.

In Olongapo City, authorities were planning to use a hotel at a local school to serve as an isolation facility for COVID-19 patients and health workers.

The other isolation facility at Gordon College and James L. Gordon Memorial Hospital, the main COVID-19 facility in the city, are nearing capacity, officials said.

Vaccines needed

In Calabarzon, Cavite Gov. Juanito Victor "Jonvic" Remulla has called on the DOH to provide more vaccines to local governments in the region comprised of the provinces of Calabarzon (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon).

According to Remulla, Metro Manila has become the epicenter of the surge of COVID-19 cases and Calabarzon, being its neighboring region, is also at risk.

In Northern Mindanao, Cagayan de Oro City Mayor Oscar Moreno said the local government should "be ready with more serious and critical cases" of COVID-19 as infections kept rising despite a heightened quarantine status since June 1.

The city recorded 162 new cases on Monday, bringing its active cases to 2,646. Except for a few days in June and July, daily infections in the city have not gone down below 100.

On Monday, Northern Mindanao Medical Center announced that its dedicated beds for COVID-19 patients were full. Two private hospitals were no longer accepting COVID-19 cases.

-REPORTS FROM TONETTE OREJAS, JUN MALIG, MARIA ADELAIDA CALAYAG, JOANNA ROSE AGLIBOT, DELFIN MALLARI JR. AND RYAN ROSAURO

Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. Call 896 6000.

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Surge in COVID-19 cases strains Central Luzon hospitals

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, Pampanga, Philippines - Patients afflicted with COVID-19 have been arriving in ambulances at Jose B. Lingad Memorial General Hospital (JBLMGH) here and would queue for hours in makeshift tents while health-care workers scramble to find available oxygen cylinders and beds.

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Pampanga’s active COVID-19 cases stay above 5,000-mark

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The province of Pampanga registered 321 new COVID-19 cases on Sunday, Sept. 12, bringing its active cases to 5,667. Its latest bulletin also showed 26 new deaths due to

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Why is good health and well-being important?

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Why is good health and well-being important?

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Technological Advancements

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Prefabricated Units and China's 10-day Construction Emergency Hospital

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Prefabricated Units and China's 10-day Construction Emergency Hospital

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A construction expert revealed that the use of prefabricated units was the secret behind the fast construction of the emergency hospital in China.

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The city of Wuhan in China completed a makeshift emergency hospital to treat patients infected with the coronavirus in just 10 days.

The emergency medical facility is made up of two floors and has several isolation wards and 30 intensive care units. It can hold up to 1,000 patients.

Business Insider spoke to a construction expert, who said that using prefabricated units is the key to constructing a building at such a fast speed.

Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

On Sunday, China finished building an emergency hospital set up specifically to tackle the Wuhan coronavirus. It only took 10 days.

The 645,000-square-foot makeshift medical facility, which took in its first patients on Tuesday, is made up of two floors and is already equipped with 1,000 beds, several isolation wards, and 30 intensive care units.

Pictures of the construction first emerged on January 23 on social media, showing dozens of bulldozers and excavators rushing to level the ground.

In the days that followed, an online live stream was set up for people to follow the construction progress.

But how did China manage to construct a hospital in just 10 days?

Using prefabricated units is the key to constructing a building at such a fast speed, according to David Hartley, managing director of engineering company NTX, which also focuses on hospital construction in the UK.

"Instead of first building the foundation and then following up with the superstructure (ie. the steel frame, the building, and the cladding), prefabricated units allow the construction of the foundation and the building envelope to take place in parallel.

"So the pre-fabricated element, which would be the Lego blocks that you would can see being craned in, are actually fabricated off-site in a factory at the same time the foundations are being prepared on-site."

The panic-built Huoshenshan hospital was also modeled on the blueprints of a medical facility which was set up in Beijing in 2003 to help tackle the SARS epidemic, which also helped speed up the construction process, according to Quartz.

Chinese state media has also given a lot of credit to the more than 7,500 laborers, who worked around the clock to construct the hospital.

Online footage by CGTN, shows workers saying: "We have been working here for nine days. We have only slept for two hours in three days."

But many still appeared happy to lend their help. In the same CGTN footage, another worker said: "When disaster strikes help comes from all sides. I am a Wuhan resident. It is my duty to protect my hometown."

-CGTN (@CGTNOfficial) February 3, 2020

Robert Yates, an internationally-recognized expert on universal health coverage (UHC) said at a press conference on Tuesday that the rapid speed at which the hospital was built can be "can be a lesson to many."

"In situations like this, you need the state to step in. A privately-financed health system would never achieve something like this. So it is a great advertisement for a publicly-financed health system," Yates said, Business Insider's Sinéad Baker reported.

China is also building a second hospital just 25 miles away from Huoshenshan, which will also be dedicated to the treatment of coronavirus patients and is scheduled to accept its first patients on Wednesday.

More than 30,000 people have now been infected with the virus globally. The number of fatalities has risen to 492, Chinese authorities said Wednesday.

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A construction expert broke down how China built an emergency hospital to treat Wuhan coronavirus patients in just 10 days

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The Huoshenshan hospital was modeled on the blueprints of a medical facility in Beijing, which was set to help tackle the SARS epidemic in 2003.

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Taipei City aces COVID-19 response with smart technology | Taiwan News | 2021-09-04 09:15:00

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Award-winning digital design of TaipeiPASS improves quality of life with one-stop total solutions | 2021-09-04 09:15:00

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Critical review of the research on the management of prefabricated construction
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Prefabricated construction enabled by the Internet-of-Things
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Covid-19 Story Tip: The Importance of Contact Tracing
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SDG 6 AS AN AVENUE TO RESTORE PAMPANGA RIVER

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SDG 6 AS AN AVENUE TO RESTORE PAMPANGA RIVER

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View this for more information about SDG 6.

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Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation - The Global Goals

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Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

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Why SDG 6?

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the current state of the Pampanga River?

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What is the current state of the Pampanga River?

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In a study conducted by Dr. Sunshine Tan of UP Diliman’s Environmental Engineering Program (under the guidance of Dr. Angel Bautista VII of the DOST-PNRI’s Nuclear Analytical Techniques Applications Section), it was revealed that seven out of the 32 samples contained “elevated traces of salinity.”

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Local scientists studying salinity of Pampanga groundwater

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To ensure that clean freshwater reaches residents in Pampanga, scientists from the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) together and the University of the Philippines–Diliman (UP Diliman) partnered up using nuclear techniques to analyze where the sal…

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In a 2018 study conducted by Navarrete et al (2018), they were able to investigate the alarming pesticide contamination along the surface and groundwaters along Pampanga river. Certain banned organopesticides, such as endrin aldehyde, total BHC, and heptachlor, were also found to contaminate the water.

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Abstract

Pesticide use in developing countries such as the Philippines has significantly increased food production. However, the improper and poorly regulated practice of pesticide use may lead to pollution of water resources. To detect and assess the extent of pesticide contamination, residues of organochlorine pesticides were tested in surface water and groundwater in selected areas along the Pampanga River, Philippines. The physicochemical properties of the surface water and ground water were also analyzed and results revealed that phosphate concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples were two to three times higher than the regulatory limits of 0.5 mg L −1, whereas the nitrate concentrations were below the regulatory limit of 7 mg L −1. Results further revealed that surface water and groundwater showed the presence of seven organochlorine pesticides and residues listed in the Stockholm Convention list of 2009 such as dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, γ-chlordane, and endosulfan II. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides including endrin aldehyde, total BHCs (i.e., α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC), and heptachlor in groundwater were also found to exceed regulatory limits, indicating that these chemicals are still being used illegally and remains a major environmental concern despite the bans and restrictions. We suggest that routine chemical monitoring (including seasonal variations) coupled with biological monitoring using a battery of biomarker tests of organochlorine pesticide and residues along the Pampanga River is necessary to provide inputs for the control and reduction of environmental pollution and for minimizing human health risks.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ariel Torres, Dafrose Bajaro, Clarisse Rivera, and Gerald Dicen for their assistance during ocular and sampling activities and the owners of the tube wells who allowed us to collect the water samples.

Funding

This research received partial support from the Ateneo de Manila University-Loyola School Grants (SOSE-05-2014). The University Research Council of Ateneo de Manila University has granted a research faculty fellowship to Ian A. Navarrete during the preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Affiliations

1. Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines

Ian A. Navarrete, Kendric Aaron M. Tee & Jewel Racquel S. Unson

2. Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Padre Faura St., 1000, Manila, Philippines

Arnold V. Hallare

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ian A. Navarrete.

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Navarrete, I.A., Tee, K.A.M., Unson, J.R.S. et al. Organochlorine pesticide residues in surface water and groundwater along Pampanga River, Philippines. Environ Monit Assess 190, 289 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6680-9
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Keywords

Agriculture

Groundwater

Organochlorine pesticides

Pampanga River

Surface water

Water pollution

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Organochlorine pesticide residues in surface water and groundwater along Pampanga River, Philippines - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

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Pesticide use in developing countries such as the Philippines has significantly increased food production. However, the improper and poorly regulated practice of pesticide use may lead to pollution of water resources. To detect and assess the extent of pesticide contamination, residues of organochlorine pesticides were tested in surface water and groundwater in selected areas along the Pampanga River, Philippines.

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Water Quality in Pampanga River Along Barangay Buas in Candaba, Pampanga 

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According to Arbodante et al (2018), the water quality in this area is extremely poor. Based on the table, the pH and concentrations of ammonia and phosphates were found to be exceeding the normal levels set by the DAO 34 -Water Quality Standard for Class C Water. This is alarming since there are several communities who rely on the river for water supply.

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Invisible water: the importance of good groundwater governance and management
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Regional water crisis by 2025: Pampanga’s groundwater source in danger
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Pampanga River polluters: 56,000 houses, firms
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Technological Advancements

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