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Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Definition 

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Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Definition 

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Dorsiflexion: Moving your foot towards the shin.
Plantarflexion: Pointing the toes downward.

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Circumduction: Full rotation of the shoulder in a circle.

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Internal and External Rotation Definition

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Internal and External Rotation Definition

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Internal Rotation: Is the rotation towards the center of the body.
External Rotation: Is the rotation away from the center of the body.

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Elevation: A raised area that protrudes above the surrounding area.
Depression: A lowered area that protrudes below the surrounding area.

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Pronation: Moving the palm facing upwards to it facing downwards.
Supination: Moving the palm facing downwards to it facing upwards.

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Flexion: Bringing two bones closer together and decreasing the joint angle.
Extension: Moving two bones away and increasing the joint angle.

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Frontal Plane: A vertical plane running side to side creating anterior and posterior.

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Midsagittal Plane: A vertical plane that splits the body in half at the head to the feet.

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Transverse Plane: A horizontal plane that splits the body in half at the waist.

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Proximal: Towards the main body or reference point.

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Distal: Away from the main body or reference point.

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Anatomical Position: A position used as to reference to identify and define body parts of a mammal or a reptile.

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Lateral: Towards the outside, midline of a mammal or reptiles body.

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Medial: Towards the inside, midline of a mammal or reptiles body.

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Supine: When a mammal or reptile is laying on his back with his stomach facing up.

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Prone: When a mammal or reptile is laying on his stomach and his back is facing up

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Inferior: Towards the bottom of the body or the feet of a mammal or reptile.

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Superior: Towards the top of the body or head of mammals and reptiles.

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Ventral: The stomach side of a mammal or reptile.

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Dorsal: The back side of mammals and reptiles.