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His first kindergarten was founded in 1837 at Blankenburg and it included a lot of popular activities that are still used in modern kindergarten like games, songs about heroines and values, and group activities. (Sarah McKenzie) pg. 99 para. 3

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Pestalozzi wanted to focus on the well being of students mental health and well being which includes the teachers acting as a caring facilitator much like parents were at home. This helped shape the emotional security factors of schools and reminded me a lot of the counselors that schools offer. (Sarah McKenzie) pg(s). 93 and 96

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Jane Addams wanted to create equal setting for females in the schooling area and believed education should be free from gender biases in which women can choose their careers. She wanted schools to feel like a community in which a focus was the students well-being and she was the founder of the Hull House. (Sarah McKenzie) pg. 108

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(1)Jean Piaget believed that intelligence develops through multiple stages through a child's live. Each stage has it's own importance. (2) Piaget also believed children build knowledge of the world around them through new and existing situations they encounter. (3) There are four distinct periods of cognititve growth that piaget thinks are important which are the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete-operational stage and formal operational stage. (Amanda Crossgrove pg. 112-113)

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He believed that adult conversation negatively impacts children development. (Camryn George p.2)

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He believed that adult conversation negatively impacts children development. (Camryn George p.2)

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"he identified five developmental stages: infancy, childhood, boyhood, adolescence, and youth. Each stage is sequential, exhibiting its own con-ditions for readiness to learn and leading to the next stage." ( Camryn George p.92)

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"he identified five developmental stages: infancy, childhood, boyhood, adolescence, and youth. Each stage is sequential, exhibiting its own con-ditions for readiness to learn and leading to the next stage." ( Camryn George p.92)

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He didn't believe students were "inherently bad" and teachers shouldn't use crazy punishment and be strict, but instead be caring and understand that child is a human being too. (87, Camryn George)

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He didn't believe students were "inherently bad" and teachers shouldn't use crazy punishment and be strict, but instead be caring and understand that child is a human being too. (87, Camryn George)

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Tried to systematize teaching and it became super popular in the U.S and Japan, its relevant to No Child Left Behind which was made in 2001 and aimed to close achievement gaps.     (Camryn George P 98)

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Tried to systematize teaching and it became super popular in the U.S and Japan, its relevant to No Child Left Behind which was made in 2001 and aimed to close achievement gaps.     (Camryn George P 98)

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"kinder garten teacher’s personality to be of paramount importance." (Camryn George p100)

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"kinder garten teacher’s personality to be of paramount importance." (Camryn George p100)

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Went off of Darwinsism and thought schools should complete so the strong ones would prevail and basically the smart would produce smart, and the weak would produce weak, slowly getting rid of the weaker population (Camryn George P. 101/102)

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Went off of Darwinsism and thought schools should complete so the strong ones would prevail and basically the smart would produce smart, and the weak would produce weak, slowly getting rid of the weaker population (Camryn George P. 101/102)

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"Dewey believed that cooperative group activity enhanced social intelligence". He believed in learning by doing. (Camryn George P 104)

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"Dewey believed that cooperative group activity enhanced social intelligence". He believed in learning by doing. (Camryn George P 104)

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"and became the first woman in Italy to earn a degree of doctor of medicine" (Camryn George P.109)

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"and became the first woman in Italy to earn a degree of doctor of medicine" (Camryn George P.109)

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She created her own curriculum that focused on "practical, sensory, and formal skills and studies." ( P. 110 Camryn George)

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She created her own curriculum that focused on "practical, sensory, and formal skills and studies." ( P. 110 Camryn George)

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They learned how to wash dishes, do chores, manners, and basic life things to they could be independent in adulthood. (P.110 Camryn George)

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They learned how to wash dishes, do chores, manners, and basic life things to they could be independent in adulthood. (P.110 Camryn George)

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" literacy meant more than learning to read and write; it raised people’s consciousness about the conditions of their lives, especially those that exploited and marginalized them." So he thought it was good be very aware politically, socially and economically so they can be themselves to the fullest. (P 115) Camryn George

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" literacy meant more than learning to read and write; it raised people’s consciousness about the conditions of their lives, especially those that exploited and marginalized them." So he thought it was good be very aware politically, socially and economically so they can be themselves to the fullest. (P 115) Camryn George

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7 Principles to Classroom Prep and Practice

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7 Principles to Classroom Prep and Practice

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1. Use objects or pictures to illustrate concepts.
2. Organize lessons around students' everyday experiences.
3. Be clear and direct in presenting the material.
4. Emphasize the general aspect rather than the details in a lesson.
5. Extend children's horizons by emphasizing that we live in an environment shared with plants, animals, and other people.
6. Present lessons in sequence.
7. Do not leave a subject or content until students understand it.
(page 88-89, Alana Lyerly-Cruz)

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-Was to create a caring and emotionally healthy homelike school environment for students.
-Winning students trust, affection, and nurturing their self-esteem.
-This had to be in place first before any specific instruction could happen.
(page 94, Alana Lyerly-Cruz)

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1. Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to 2 years old.
Children learn by exploring their environment.
2. Pre Operational Stage
2 to 7 years old.
Happens when intuition combines with speech to lead to operational thinking involving concepts of space, time, and cause and effect.
3. Concrete Operational Stage
7 to 11 years old.
Children begin thinking in a mathematical and logical way
4. Formal Operational
Age 11 and plus
Construct logical proposition and interpret space, historical time, and cause and effect.
(page 112, Alana Lyerly-Cruz)

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"During childhood (from age 5-12), Emile constructs his own personal self-identity as he learns that his actions cause either painful or pleasurable consequences." (Brian Horvick, Pg 92)

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Rousseau argued that the curriculum should be based on children and their interests and needs. This affected child-centered progressive educators. (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.93

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Rousseau argued that the curriculum should be based on children and their interests and needs. This affected child-centered progressive educators. (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.93

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"Pestalozzi devised object lessons in which children learned the form, number, and names of objects." (Brian Horvick, pg 95)

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"Pestalozzi devised object lessons in which children learned the form, number, and names of objects." (Brian Horvick, pg 95)

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Pestalozzi developed a preservice teacher education program at his schools Burgdorf and Yverdon. Her served as a mentor to the future teachers that were being trained in his method. (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.94

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Pestalozzi developed a preservice teacher education program at his schools Burgdorf and Yverdon. Her served as a mentor to the future teachers that were being trained in his method. (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.94

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Pestalozzi organized his approach to teaching into two different methods. The methods are "general" and "special". (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.94

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Pestalozzi organized his approach to teaching into two different methods. The methods are "general" and "special". (Elizabeth Buffaloe) pg.94

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"Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English social theorist whose ideas were very popular and influential in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." (Brian Horvick, Page 101)

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"Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English social theorist whose ideas were very popular and influential in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." (Brian Horvick, Page 101)

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1) Jane Adams developed a philosophy called socialized education that was based on her efforts to better the conditions immigrants had to deal with.
2) From 1905-1909 she was a part of the Chicago Board of Education.
3) In 1931 she became the first American woman to win a Noble Prize.
4 She saw schools as multifunctional agencies that socialized and taught kids academic skills and subjects.
(Maddie Davis, Page 107-108)

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Piaget's mission was to use clinical observation to discover how children construct and act on their ideas try to get a better understanding of why children do what they do. (Madi spencer p.112)

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Montessori's whole concept was that teachers need to direct learning rather than control it in the prepared learning environment. Learning is ultimately an independent practice and it needs to be instituted as such. (Madi Spencer p.110)

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"Dewey believed the scientific method was the most effective process for solving problem." (Madi Spencer p.105)

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he believed that children learn most efficiently why they are developmentally ready to learn a particular skill or subject.(88, James Atchison).

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he emphasized that humanities, especially history and literature as a rich source of moral values by studying the lives of great men and women student could discover how people made their Defining moral decisions.(97, James Atchison)

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she argued that education needed to take on new and broaden social purposes. teachers needed to understand that economic, demographic, and technological trends that were reshaping American society from a rural to an Urban Society and prepare their students to deal with them in intelligent socially responsible, and demographic Ways.(108, James Atchison)

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"For Dewey, genuine knowledge is not the inert information that teachers transmit to students; it is an instrument to solve problems." (Parker Slater Pg. 105)

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"Spencer defined nature differently than Rousseau and Pestalozzi. To Spencer, nature meant the law of the jungle and the survival of the fittest." (Parker Slater p.102)

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"Freire asserted that the school's curriculum and instruction can either indoctrinate students to conform to an official version of knowledge, or it can challenge them to develop a critical consciousness that empowers them to engage in self-liberation.

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Fröbel believed that inherent spirituality was the core of human nature. ( Emma McLeod pg 98-99)

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Fröbel believed that inherent spirituality was the core of human nature. ( Emma McLeod pg 98-99)

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Herbart encouraged teachers to introduce multiple ideas and draw relationships to them that we do today. ( Emma McLeod pg 97)

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Herbart encouraged teachers to introduce multiple ideas and draw relationships to them that we do today. ( Emma McLeod pg 97)

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Comenius beloved in sensory methods instead passive memorization. As well as teaching teaching latin in relations to ones own spoken language. ( Emma McLeod pg 87)

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Comenius beloved in sensory methods instead passive memorization. As well as teaching teaching latin in relations to ones own spoken language. ( Emma McLeod pg 87)

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In 1908, Maria Montessori established a children's school, the Casa dei Bambini. "Montessori believed that children possess an inner need to work at what interests them without the prodding of teachers."

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In 1908, Maria Montessori established a children's school, the Casa dei Bambini. "Montessori believed that children possess an inner need to work at what interests them without the prodding of teachers."

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(pg. 109-110 , Sasha Boyd)

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"She wanted women to define their own lives, to choose their own careers, and to participate fully in politics, society, and education."  She founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

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"She wanted women to define their own lives, to choose their own careers, and to participate fully in politics, society, and education."  She founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

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(pg. 107 - Sasha Boyd)

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He was a key proponent of social darwinism and "believed that the fittest individuals of each generation would survive because of their skills, intelligence, and adaptability."

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He was a key proponent of social darwinism and "believed that the fittest individuals of each generation would survive because of their skills, intelligence, and adaptability."

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(pg. 101 - Sasha Boyd)

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed the purpose of Education was to "create learning environments in which children's natural goodness can grow."

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed the purpose of Education was to "create learning environments in which children's natural goodness can grow."

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(Abbey Ewen pg.90)

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" In Dewey's experimentalist philosophy, using the scientific method to solve problems is the key to both thinking and learning."

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" In Dewey's experimentalist philosophy, using the scientific method to solve problems is the key to both thinking and learning."

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(Abbey Ewen pg. 104)

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" For Freire, teachers cannot be impartial or uncommitted on social, political, and economic issues. Those who claim to be completely objective are really imposing social, economic, political, and educational structures erected and controlled by dominant classes."

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" For Freire, teachers cannot be impartial or uncommitted on social, political, and economic issues. Those who claim to be completely objective are really imposing social, economic, political, and educational structures erected and controlled by dominant classes."

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(Abbey Ewen pg. 115)

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Maria Montessori believed that children have their own inner drives to reach mastery without the prodding of a teacher. They like to repeat something until they get it right. Montessori developed tools that could teach correction on their own, like buttoning and lacing toys, so that children could learn how to use them correctly and develop their motor skills independently.
(pg. 110 Kayla Styll)

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Comenius Believed that we should not rush or pressure children into learning. PG.88

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Piaget was one of the first education reformers to incorporate major psychology perspectives into his concepts, as psychology was a new field of study at the time. This greatly advanced the emphasis on a child's readiness to learn based on the developmental stages.

(p.112 Kayla Styll)

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Rousseau believed that schools taught children to conform to society's artificial rules. Pg.93

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Rousseau believed that schools taught children to conform to society's artificial rules. Pg.93

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Hanne

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Freire emphasized open dialogue between teachers and students to avoid "banking", the teacher-talking-student-listening format of teaching. He wanted to make sure students and teachers were able to talk back and forth to promote a deeper connection and understanding of discussed material, and so teachers could learn about their students and help them understand their backgrounds and places in society individually.

(p.116 Kayla Styll)

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Herbart was influential in brining history and literature into the secondary school curriculum. (Maddie Spearman 97)

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Herbart was influential in brining history and literature into the secondary school curriculum. (Maddie Spearman 97)

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Froebel wanted to be a teacher so he studied at Yverdon from 1808 to 1810. (Maddie Spearman 99)

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Froebel wanted to be a teacher so he studied at Yverdon from 1808 to 1810. (Maddie Spearman 99)

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He envisioned a new kind of teacher who would be sensitive to children's readiness and needs. (Maddie Spearman 99)

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He envisioned a new kind of teacher who would be sensitive to children's readiness and needs. (Maddie Spearman 99)

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"Piaget discovered that children construct their concepts about reality by actively exploring their environment. "(pg.112 Tatiana Burrus)

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Believed that "prospective teachers need to examine issues of multiculturalism and social justice in relationship to education and schooling." This means that for practicing teachers, the classrooms need to be connected to the people and community it serves. (pg. 108 Tatiana Burrus)

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"The kindergartens activities, now a standard part of early childhood education, stimulated children's imaginations and introduced them to their cultures folk heroes and heroines and values through songs and stories." Curriculum included what he called "gifts" or objects such as spheres, cubes, etc. (pg.99 Tatiana Burrus)

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Rousseau believed that the curriculum in schools should be more centered around nature and the environment. pg.90 (Cameron Williamson)

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Freire argued that the purpose of education was to raise consciousness about exploitative conditions. pg.90
He also believed that as the teacher, your role is ti stimulate awareness of real conditions in life. pg.91 (cameron williamson)

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Herbart believed that ideas and their connections to other ideas accumulated in the mind as an "apperceptive mass" (Aeilo, sec. 4-4a)

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Comenius was passionate about ending religious intolerance, so he constructed a new educational philosophy, pansophism, to cultivate universal understanding. (Aeilo, p88)

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Comenius was a sensory learner, and helped create two important books. First was "Gate of Tongues Unlocked" which was a book using common phrases in the students language to help teach Latin. Second was "The Visible World in Pictures" which was a picture book he illustrated himself. He used it as a teaching aid. (Aeilo p88)

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"Dewy organized the curriculum into constructive, experimental, and creative activities to: develop children's sensory and physical coordination; provide opportunities for children to make and do things based on their interests; stimulate children to formulate, examine, and test their ideas by acting on them" (Alix Burns pg. 104)

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"Jane Addams- the founder of the Hull House and a pioneering leader in social work, the peace movement, and women's rights- developed an educational philosophy called socialized education." She wanted to create opportunities for all people and give them the tools that they need to be successful. (Alix Burns pg. 107)

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He was one of the first to question the connection between church and government. "he argued that children's instincts and needs are naturally good and should be satisfied rather than repressed by authoritarian schools and coercive teachers." He saw that the repression does not allow for growth in students but rather stunts them from being an opinionated free individual. (Alix Burns pg. 92)

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''He opposed state-funded public schools, which he argued would create a monopoly for mediocrity by catering to the average rather than the gifted students in the school-age population'' Pg. 102 (Jaelyn Mobley)

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''He wanted to modernize the curriculum so that it focused on the physical, biological, and social sciences as well as applied technology and engineering. Today, he would probably include computer literacy, genetics, and bioengineering in his list of useful subjects.'' Pg. 103 (Jaelyn Mobley)

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''Pestalozzi agreed with Rousseau that humans are naturally good but were spoiled by a corrupt society, that traditional schools imposed dull routines of memorization and recitation, and that educational reform was needed to improve society.'' Pg. 94 (Jaelyn Mobley)

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Comenius was a bishop and educator of the Moravian Brethren a small, often persecuted protestant church (87 Bryn)

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he believed that universally shared knowledge would convince people to renounce their cultural and ethnic hatreds( 87 Bryn)

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Maria Montessori believed that technology should contribute to greater communication and sharing rather than consumer orientated materialism and massive corporate profit (109 Bryn)