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It admitted Missouri as a slave state to please the South and it also admitted Maine as a free state to please the North.
It marked the beginning of the prolonged sectional conflict over the extension of slavery that led to the American Civil War.

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It prohibited the expansion of slavery into any territory acquired by the United States from Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War settlement.
It provides insight into anti-slavery positions among northerners and reopened debates about slavery in the territories which had lasting effects on the larger American political landscape.

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The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed in 1850 that dealt with the controversial issue of slavery in the United States. They attempted to give something to both sides.
It put an end to the slave trade in Washington, D.C. and made it easier for Southern slave owners to recover runaway slaves. It also allowed the United States to expand its territory by accepting California as a state.

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significance
🤬's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
The novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War".

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Kansas-Nebraska Act & Bleeding Kansas 1854

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Kansas-Nebraska Act & Bleeding Kansas 1854

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It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.
The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. The Compromise had kept the Union from falling apart for the last thirty-four years. Kansas is an important staging ground for what some people argue is the first battles of the Civil War, because it is this battlefield on which the forces of both anti-slavery and slavery meet.

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significance
This decision was the Supreme Court's ruling in 1857, that having lived in a free state and territory did not allow a slave, Dred Scott, to his freedom. Basically, the decision argued that as a slave Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court.
It upset Northerners because they feared it would allow for the spread of slavery across the entire US. And it fueled tensions between the North and the South that slowly added to the beginnings of the Civil War.

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This was a series of seven debates between the Democratic Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the territories.
Lincoln and Douglas were not just campaigning for themselves but also for their respective political parties.
The main focus of these debates was slavery and its influence on American politics and society—specifically the slave power, popular sovereignty, race equality, emancipation, etc.

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This raid was led by John Brown, in 1859, meant to initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over a US arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. It has been called the dress rehearsal for the Civil War.
This led to John Brown's sentence to death.

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The Presidential Election of 1860 (Abraham Lincoln as President)

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The Presidential Election of 1860 (Abraham Lincoln as President)

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significance
This was when Abraham Lincoln was nominated. Lincoln, a moderate former Congressman from Illinois, as its standard-bearer. The Republican Party platform promised not to interfere with slavery in the states, but opposed the further extension of slavery into the territories.
His election served as the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. After being sworn in as president, Lincoln refused to accept any resolution that would result in Southern secession from the Union.

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significance
This was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia, and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the US Army.
Confederate forces occupied Fort Sumter and used it to marshal a defense of Charleston Harbor. Once it was completed and better armed, Fort Sumter allowed the Confederates to create a valuable hole in the Union blockade of the Atlantic seaboard.
The major effect of the battle was that it marked the beginning of the American Civil War.